United States Patent [151

_ [451
3,701,935
Oct. 31, 1972
Collie , A it .

[s41 CIRCUIT‘FOR FOOD MIXER 3,418,558 l2ll968 Morgan et al. ......... ..32l/43
3,238,434' 3/1966 Blitzetal ................. "313/323
[72] , Inventor: Arthur A. ‘Collie, Hayling’ island, 3,242,409 3/1966 Edwards .................. ..31s/325
- England , .
3 ,470,4-36 9/1969 Steele ..................... ..'.313/227
[731 Assignee: Kenwood Manufacturing (Working) Primary Examiner-—Gene Z. Rubinson
Limited, Hampshire, England
' Attorney-Stevens, Davis, Miller & Mosher
[22] Filed: June 23,1971
. ABSTRACT
[21] vAppl.No.: 156,038. I . v ' [s71 . g

I An alternating current electric motor speed control

Related us. Application om circuit including a bi-directional semiconductor con
[63] Continuation ofSer. NO. 812,002, April 1, r trol element in the motor circuit triggered from‘a
1969, abandoned, ' . blocking toa conductive state by the application of a
potential to its control electrode applied through‘
['52] us‘. Cl. ........ ....... ..318/325, 313/345, 318/397 govem'or'contacts of a motor speed governor contacts,
[51] rm.c|....- ........... ....... ........... ..,.....'H02p s/0s which
below
contacts are closed when the motor speed drops
a particular value which can be varied and
[58] Field of Search..'...._3l8/g22_7, 325, 327, 331, 34s, which carry a small proportion of the total motor cur
- v _ . v 313/397

rent. ' => .

[561 ' References Cited v v 4 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures

, UNITED- STATES PATENTS _

3,223,911 12/1965 ,- Seileret a1,.,..,,.7...,,_.,.,.318/325

 , ' l .
3,701,935 2.
. 1 CIRCUIT FOR FOODMIXER: In operation it isarrangedlthat the‘ governor contacts
This application is‘ a continuation of Ser. ,No. ' 15" are-‘closed when the motor is rotating at normal
812,002, ?led Apr. 1', I969 andnow abandoned. speedsv and that these contacts are opened when the
This invention relates to an alternating current elecé ' ' motor speedv exceeds a. given value. As ‘illustrated in
tric motor control circuit. ' FIG; 3.of the accompanying‘ drawings, the governor
. I It is known to control the speed of an electric motor consists of, weights 201fixed toiflexible members 21, so
by means of a governor having electric contacts con ‘ that the weights are displaced-further from the axis of
nected in the motor. control circuit and "rotated with the ' the motor as the motor speed increases, and-a ball‘ bear
armature of the motor so that when the speed’ of the ingol22‘ at the center of, the governor which moves axi
motor exceeds a given value the contacts are open and ally away from the motor as the weights ?y out. The
‘ the speed of the motor is reduced‘. This arrangement contacts 15 are positioned so as to be opened by the ad
’ suffers from the disadvantage‘ that the contacts carry
vancing ball bearing at a 'particular'motor speed. The
the full load of the motor current and are'therefore sub ,' position of the contacts. 15- can be'varied- from‘ outside
ject to considerable wear. a ‘ ' t ‘I
vAccording to the present invention there is provided 15. the motor, as they aresupported on a contact bearing
,an'alter'nating currentv electric motor control‘v circuit in- 1 plate 25', which .can be moved by asnail cam‘ arrange
_ cludinga bi-directi‘onalsemiconductor control-element _- ment consistingofa pin 26 attached to- the plate 25and
‘ in the motor‘ circuit',-a gate or control electrode of the inserted. in a groove 28 in a head 27 which is rotatable.
element‘l‘con'nected to‘ governor contacts of a motor 20 As the groove 28 is not circular, pin 26 and plate 25
move parallel tothe motor axis when the-head 27 is
speed governor, so that the conductivity of the element
is ‘varied accordinglto whether the governor contacts I rotated.‘ Each position of the plate 25 de?nes a ‘motor
' are open or closed and a series combination of an elec " speedat which the contacts 15 will be separatedby the
' ballbearing ' ' ._ _
trically resistive element and a'capacitive reactive‘ ele- ’
ment connected in parallel with the semiconductor 2 When‘ the contacts open the element 2 ‘reverts to a
control element. ‘ - ’ ' 25 blocking state at the next reversal of the supply current,
In order that theinvention may be more clearly un- ‘ ' that is when the current through the element and the
derstood the following description" is given'merely by motor falls below the holding; current for the element,
way of example reference being made to the accom ~ and thefspeed of the motor automatically falls. When
panying drawings, in which:- > a ' _ _ .
30
the motor speed falls below the given value the gover
~ FIGS. 1 and 2 show circuit diagrams of two- control nor contacts 15 closeand the potential applied to the
‘circuits; and - - ' v . _ ' control electrode of the element 2 causes the element
I FIG. 3 shows a governor for use with the invention. I to conduct and the mean motor speed to be main-'_
Referring to FIG. 1 there is shown a circuit including tained.
i a motor armature, 1 connected’ in series" with a, bi 35 There is thus provided an arrangement in which the
directional semiconductor control element 2, ?eld governor contacts "15 carry a lveryismall current of a
' windings 3 and4, and interference suppression chokes I‘ few milli-amperes while the semiconductor element‘2
5 and 6 acrossa pair of supply terminals 7 and 8. A handles the main motor current. The arrangement ena
' control switch 9 is connected between the choke 5 and ' blesI _more powerful
_ I motors
_ _ ' to be
_ used than were used
_
the ‘field winding 3 and‘
' the
‘ fixed contact of the switch-'9. 40 previously, since the limitation imposed by the burning
is earthed via a 0.01 microfarad capacitor 10 and'con- ' up ofvthe contacts does not ‘exist.
nected to the junction between the choke 6 and a field ‘ The arrangement is suitable for use in controlling the I
‘winding 4 ‘via ‘a 0.1v r'nicrofarad capacitor 1 I. Across the ' speed of motors insuch appliances as food mixers and
element ‘2 there is connected a resistor R1 in- series with . sewing, machines. In the latter case aremote control
> a capacit'orFCl. The'resistor R1 is of the order of 100 45 may be providedto control the setting of the contacts
ohms and". the‘ capacitor C1 ' ‘of ‘the order of ‘0.1 . which‘ governs the speed of the motor. The arrange
microfarads. The junction of the resistor R1 and the ment may also be used .in controlling speed ofmotors in
capacitor C1 is connected via a pair of governor con _ hand held appliances or tools.
tacts 15 for the motor and a-resistor R2 to the control I I claim:
electrode of the element 2. ' 50 I 1. In an alternating current electric motor control
‘ FIG. 2 shows a circuit including all the elements of circuit comprising, in combination:
FIG. 1, but with the variation that the current through a. an alternating current electric motor including an
the governor contacts 15 does not pass through the re armature and ?rst and second ?eld windings cou
sistor R1. . v .
pled in series one on each side of said armature,
The bi-directional semiconductor control element is 55 J
b. an alternating current motor supply circuit cou
a bi~directional triode thyristor which may be triggered ' pled to said ?rst and second ?eld windings, and. ‘_
from a blocking to a conductive state for either polarity c. a motor speed governor having a pair of contacts
of an applied voltageabove a given value to its gate or separable in response to the speedof said motor
control electrode. The device is similar in e?'ect to two . exceedingagiven value, ‘ ‘ ' ' '

1 ' semiconductor control rectifiers connected in parallel 60, the improvement comprising: I o
and in reverse directions. Suitable elements are known d. a bi-directional triode thyristor coupled in series
commercially as Triacs. I between said ?rst field winding and said armature,
Thus by suitably proportioning the circuit including said thyristor having a control'electrode coupled
' the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1 it is possible to 65 to one of said pair of contacts,
apply a triggering voltage to the control electrode of ’ e. an electrical resistive element and a capacitive
the element 2 every time that the governor contacts 15 reactive element connected in series with each
‘close. ' other and in parallel with said thyristor, and
 ' 3,701,935
3 4
f. the other of said pair of contacts being coupled to the improvement comprising: f
‘ the conductive path between said first ?eld wind d. a bi-directional triode thyristor coupled in series
ing and said thyristor. between said ?rst ?eld winding and said armature,
2. An electric motor control circuit as de?ned in said thyristor having a control electrode conpled
claim 1, in which said other of said pair of contacts is 5 to one of said pairof contacts,
connected to a junction of said resistive element and I e. an electrical resistive element‘and a capacitive
said capacitive reactive element. r - reactive element connected in series with each
3. An electric motor control circuit as de?ned in other and in parallel with said thyristor,
- claim 1, further comprising ?rst and second inter~ f. a further resistive element connected in series
ference suppression chokes coupled in‘ series with said between said one of said pair of contacts and said
?rst and second ?eld windings, respectively, and said control electrode,
electric motor supply circuit. g. the other of said pair of contacts being coupled in
4. In an alternating current electric motor control the conductive path between said ?rst ?eld wind- _
circuit comprising, in combination: '- ' ing and said thyristor,
a. an alternating current electric motor including an 15 h. two interference suppression choke means,
armature and ?rst and second ?eld windings cou pled in series in said electric motor supply circuit 9
pled in series one on each side of said armature, one on each side of said motor,
b. an alternating current motor supply circuit cou i. capacitor means connected in parallel with said
pled to said ?rst and second ?eld windings, and motor and in series with said choke means; and
c. improvement comprising: motor speed governor _j. switch means in that part of said motor supply cir
having a pair of contacts separable in response to cuit which is in parallel with said capacitor means.
the speed of said motor exceeding a given value, *

25

35

40

45

50

55

60

65