Xi 14 L01 SSP

CLASS XI
CHAPTER 14
Sanjivani Panditkar
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Prepared by
MS. Sanjivani Panditkar
(MSc. SET)
1
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Organic chemistry is the branch of Chemistry that deals with study of organic
compounds.
Organic Compounds are the hydrocarbons and their derivatives.
Sanjivani Panditkar
All organic compounds contains carbon hence, organic chemistry
is considered as chemistry of carbon compounds.
Carbon (C)
Atomic No. is 6
Elecronic Configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p2
No. of Valence electrons in Carbon=04.

2
CARBON
The two features of carbon that give rise to a large number of compounds are –
1. Catenation: The self-linking of atoms of an element to create chains and
Sanjivani Panditkar
rings.
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRS4_BYkhrcD4lIWZfZASgxBHA8nnIMhLlBAA&usqp=CAU
3
2. Tetravalency: With the valency of four, carbon is capable of bonding with four other
atoms.
Sanjivani Panditkar
https://www.vedantu.com/question-sets/24c1a554-5920-4031-84ba-483150c65c342736245664772127701.png
Carbon can also form multiple bonds.
4
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/_AKt_ChzWaNY/TFCCYocwiEI/AAAAAAAAABo/Bc735GFCeX8/s1600/carbon+bond1.JPG
Importance of organic compounds
Names of industries Applications of organic compounds.
i. Food Industry Fats, carbohydrates (starch, sugar), vitamins, proteins,

flavouring agents, sweetening agents, milk etc., are
organic compounds.
Sanjivani Panditkar
ii. Textile Industry Natural fibres like cotton, wool, silk, etc., and
synthetic fibres like rayon, nylon, terylene are organic
in nature.
iii. Petroleum Industry Fuels like petrol, diesel, LPG, gasoline, kerosene, etc.,
are organic compounds.
iv. Pharmaceutical Various drugs like aspirin, saccharin, sulpha drugs,

antibiotics (penicillin, streptomycin), vitamins,
hormones, antiseptics, cardiovascular drugs, etc., are
organic compounds. 5
Importance of organic compounds
Names of industries Applications of organic compounds.
v. Plastic Industry Polymers like Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), bakelite, teflon,

polythene, etc., are made up of organic monomers.
Sanjivani Panditkar
vi. Dye Industry Natural and synthetic dyes like indigo, congo red, eosin,
azodyes, fluoroscene etc. are organic derivatives.
vii. Fertilizer Industry Fertilizers like urea, insecticides, fungicides, etc., are
organic compounds.
viii. Cosmetic and creams, talcum powder, etc., contain organic compounds.
perfume Perfumes,
6
Classification of organic compounds
Organic compounds are broadly classified in two ways,
i) on the basis of carbon skeleton and ii) on the basis of functional group.
i) Classification based on carbon skeleton
Sanjivani Panditkar
7
https://resources.cdn.yaclass.in/2b299953-d44c-49f5-a1ca-0cef12f5e508/pic9w604.png
Acyclic /open chain compounds /aliphatic compounds.
Molecules of these compounds have chains of carbon atoms.

These may be-
i) Straight chains : formed by carbon atoms bonded to one or
Sanjivani Panditkar
two other carbons.
CH3- CH2 - CH3 CH3- CH2 - CH2 - OH

propane n - propyl alcohol
ii) Branched chains: having at least one carbon bonded to three

or four other carbons. eg. Isobutane
CH3- CH – CH3
|
CH3
8
Cyclic compounds
These are compounds in which molecules are formed by joining atoms to form
ring like structures.
Sanjivani Panditkar
The compounds in which the ring is made of only carbon atoms are known as
homocyclic or carbocyclic compounds.
The cyclic compounds in which the ring includes one or more heteroatoms
(oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur etc.) are known as heterocyclic compounds.
Alicyclic compounds
These are cyclic compounds exhibiting properties similar to those of aliphatic
compounds. 9
Aromatic compounds
Aromatic compounds have special stability.
Aromatic compounds containing benzene ring are known
Sanjivani Panditkar
as benzenoid aromatics
while those not containing benzene ring are called

nonbenzenoid aromatics.
10
Aromatic compounds Aliphatic compounds
 1. Contain higher percentage of carbon.  1. Contain lower percentage of
carbon.
 2. Burn with sooty flame.
 2. Burn with non-sooty flame.
 3. Cyclic compounds with alternate single
3. Open chain compounds.
Sanjivani Panditkar
and double bonds. 
 4. Not attacked by normal oxidizing and  4. Easily attacked by oxidizing and

reducing agents. reducing agents.
 5. Do not undergo addition reactions easily.  5. Unsaturated aliphatic compounds

undergo addition reactions easily.
 6. Do not decolourise dilute alkaline
aqueous KMnO4 and Br2 in CCl4, though  6. Decolourise dilute aqueous alkaline
double bonds appear in their structure. KMnO4 and Br2 in CCl4.
 7. They prefer substitution reactions  7. The saturated aliphatic compounds

give substitution reactions. 11
Sanjivani Panditkar
12
Sanjivani Panditkar
13

Xi 14 L01 SSP

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Xi 14 L01 SSP

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Xi 14 L01 SSP

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CLASS XI

Organic Compounds are the hydrocarbons and their derivatives.

Elecronic Configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p2

No. of Valence electrons in Carbon=04.

1. Catenation: The self-linking of atoms of an element to create chains and

Carbon can also form multiple bonds.

Names of industries Applications of organic compounds.

i. Food Industry Fats, carbohydrates (starch, sugar), vitamins, proteins,

iv. Pharmaceutical Various drugs like aspirin, saccharin, sulpha drugs,

Names of industries Applications of organic compounds.

v. Plastic Industry Polymers like Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), bakelite, teflon,

Organic compounds are broadly classified in two ways,

i) Classification based on carbon skeleton

Molecules of these compounds have chains of carbon atoms.

i) Straight chains : formed by carbon atoms bonded to one or

CH3- CH2 - CH3 CH3- CH2 - CH2 - OH

ii) Branched chains: having at least one carbon bonded to three

Aromatic compounds have special stability.

Aromatic compounds containing benzene ring are known

while those not containing benzene ring are called

 4. Not attacked by normal oxidizing and  4. Easily attacked by oxidizing and

 5. Do not undergo addition reactions easily.  5. Unsaturated aliphatic compounds

 7. They prefer substitution reactions  7. The saturated aliphatic compounds

You might also like