Statistics and

Probability
Quarter 4 – Module 5:
Identifying the Appropriate
Rejection Region for a Given
Level of Significance
Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 5: Identifying the Appropriate Rejection Region for a Given Level
of Significance
First Edition, 2020
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 Statistics and
Probability
Quarter 4 – Module 6:
Identifying the Appropriate
Rejection Region for a Given
Level of Significance
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to Statistics and Probability for Senior High School Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Identifying the Appropriate Rejection Region
for a Given Level of Significance!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the
teacher or the facilitator, in helping the learners meet the standards set by
the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and
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Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
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As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.

ii
For the learner:

Welcome to Statistics and Probability for Senior High School Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Identifying the Appropriate Rejection Region
for a Given Level of Significance!

The hand is one of the most symbolical parts of the human body. It is often
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practice to solidify your understanding

iii
 and skills of the topic. You may check
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We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iv
 What I Need to Know

In the previous module, you have learned to identify the appropriate

test statistic when the population variance is known or unknown. You were
able to define different statistical concepts related to z-test and t-test as the
tools for computing value in hypothesis testing problem. The steps in
choosing correct statistical test were also discussed. Moreover, the test used
for Central Limit Theorem was explained.

Since you already know how to choose the test statistic applicable in
hypothesis testing, you are now ready to identify the appropriate rejection
region when population variance is known or unknown. In determining
rejection region, you will also be defining other statistical concepts such as
critical value.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define the critical values, level of significance, hypothesis test, and
rejection region;
2. identify the critical value when population variance is known or
unknown; and
3. determine the appropriate rejection region for a given level of significance
when population is known/unknown and Central Limit Test is to be
used.

What I Know

Directions: Choose the best answer to the given questions or statements.

Write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.
1. In a right-tailed test with 𝛼 = 0.01, the critical value of z is:
A. 1.28 B. 1.65 C. 1.96 D. 2.33
2. The value that separates a rejection region from an acceptance region is
called a ___________.
A. Parameter C. critical value
B. Hypothesis D. significance level

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3. For a two-tailed test with variance unknown, n= 19, and 𝛼 = 0.05, what is
the critical value?
A. ±2.092 B. ±2.101 C. ±2.145 D. ±2.878
4. For a two-tailed test with a sample size of 40, the null hypothesis will be
rejected at 5% level of significance if the test statistic is:
A. 𝑧 ≤ −1.28 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 ≥ 1.28 C. 𝑧 ≤ −1.96 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 ≥ 1.96
B. 𝑧 ≤ −1.645 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 ≥ 1.645 D. 𝑧 ≤ −2.33 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 ≥ 3.33
5. If the alpha level is increased from 0.01 to 0.05, then the boundaries for
the critical region move farther away from the center of the distribution.
A. True C. both A and B
B. False D. cannot be determined
6. In the two-tailed test, the rejection region lies on ___________ of the
normal distribution.
A. center B. left tail C. right tail D. both tails
7. Given the illustration at the right, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
A. This is a left-tailed test.
B. This is a right-tailed test. 1.645
C. This has a critical value of 1.645.
D. This has a level of significance of 0.5.
8. Given the normal curve at the right, what is the rejection region?
A. 𝑧 ≤ 1.645 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 ≥ 1.645
B. 𝑧 ≥ −1.645 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 ≥ 1.645
C. 𝑧 ≥ −1.96 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 ≤ 1.96 -1.96 1.96
D. 𝑧 ≤ −1.96 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 ≥ 1.96
9. What is the critical value if the population variance is unknown, 𝑛 = 13,
𝛼 = 0.05, and it is a one-tailed test?
A. 𝑡 =1.782 B. 𝑡 =2.179 C. 𝑡 =2.681 D. 𝑡 =3.055
10. Given a two-tailed test, population variance is known, and 𝛼 = 0.10, what
is critical region?
A. 𝑧 ≥ 1.28 C. ≤ −2.33 or 𝑧 ≥ 2.33
B. 𝑧 ≤ −1.96 D. 𝑧 ≤ −1.645 or 𝑧 ≥ 1.645

11. Which of the following is the sketch of the normal curve if 𝑧 ≥ 1.645?
A. B. C. D.

12. Which of the following graphs of rejection region show 𝑡 ≥ 2.074?

A. B. C. D.

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 13. In the given problem below, identify the rejection region.
It is claimed that the mean distance of a certain type of vehicle is 35
miles per gallon of gasoline with population standard deviation σ = 5
miles. What can be concluded about the claim using α = 0.1 if a random
sample of 49 such vehicles has sample mean, x̅ = 36 miles?
A. 𝑧 ≤ −1.28 C. 𝑧 ≤ −1.645 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 ≥ 1.645
B. 𝑧 ≥ 2.33 D. 𝑧 ≤ −2.575 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 ≥ 2.575
14. Based on the problem in no. 13, which is the correct graph?
A. B. C. D.

15. In a modeling agency, a researcher wishes to see if the average height of

female models is less than 67 inches, as the coach claims. A random
sample of 20 models has an average height of 65.8 inches. The standard
deviation of the sample is 1.7 inches. At 𝛼 = 0.05, which of the following
shows the appropriate rejection of the given problem?
A. B. C. D.

Lesson Identifying the Appropriate

1 Rejection Region for a Given
Level of Significance

In hypothesis testing, a researcher collects sample data. From the

given data, the researcher formulates the null and alternative hypotheses.
Then, s/he chooses appropriate test statistic and computes it. If the
statistics fall within the specific range of values, the researcher rejects the
null hypothesis. The range of values that leads the researcher to reject the
null hypothesis is called region of rejection. What is rejection region and
how is it important in the process of hypothesis testing?

Before we discuss the topic, let us recall some concepts that will lead
you to the concept of rejection region.

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 What’s In

Activity 1: You Bring Color to My Life!

Directions: Given a standard normal curve, shade the required area with
color GREEN and for the remaining area, use color RED.

1. between 𝑧 = −1.56 and 𝑧 =

+1.56

2. to the left of 𝑧 = 2.05

3. to the right of 𝑧 = −1.3

4. between 𝑧 = −1.58 and 𝑧 = 1.58

5. to the left of 𝑧 = 1.96

Notes to the Teacher

Check the level of readiness of you students. If the
students did not pass the first activity, provide other
activities that will help them recall how to determine the
areas of normal curve.

4
 What’s New

Activity 2: Let Me Read and Understand!

Directions: Carefully read the problem and answer the questions that
follow.
Problem 1. A banana company claims that the mean weight of their
banana is 150 grams with a standard deviation of 18 grams. Data generated
from a sample of 49 bananas randomly selected indicated a mean weight of
153.5 grams per banana. Is there sufficient evidence to reject the company’s
claim? Use 𝛼 = 0.05.
1. What are the hypotheses?
2. Is it two-tailed or one-tailed test?
3. What is the level of significance?
4. Is the population standard deviation known?
5. What appropriate test statistic (z-test or t-test) can you use?
6. Based on the level of significance, hypothesis test, and test statistic,
what is the critical value?
7. Draw the rejection region.

Problem 2. The manufacturer of an airport baggage scanning machine

claims it can handle an average of 530 bags per hour. At 𝛼 = 0.05 in a left-
tailed test, would a sample of 16 randomly chosen hours with a mean of 510
and standard deviation of 50 indicate that the manufacturer’s claim is an
overstatement?
1. What are the hypotheses?
2. Is it two-tailed test or one-tailed test?
3. What is the level of significance?
4. Is the population standard deviation known or unknown?
5. What appropriate test statistic (z-test or t-test) can you use?
6. Based on the level of significance, hypothesis test, and test statistic,
what is the critical value?
7. Draw the rejection region.

Guide Questions:
1. How did you find the activity?
2. What are the similarities and differences of the two problems?
3. Have you encountered previously learned statistical concepts? If yes,
will you discuss those concepts?
4. Were you able to answer all the follow-up questions? If not, why?
5. What are the concepts that seemed to be familiar and unfamiliar to
you?
6. How do these concepts relate to the rejection region?

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 What Is It

To be able to answer the questions in the next activities, please take

time to read and understand this section that discusses the next steps in
hypothesis testing.

Critical Value, Significance Level, and Rejection Region

In hypothesis testing, a critical value is a point on the test

distribution that is compared to the test statistic to determine whether to
reject the null hypothesis. Critical values for a test of hypothesis depend
upon the test statistic, which is specific to the type of the test and
significance level (𝛼) which defines the sensitivity of the test. A value of 𝛼 =
0.05 implies that the null hypothesis is rejected 5% of the time when it is in
fact true. In practice, the common values of α are 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01.

Critical Value of z-Distribution

A critical value of z (Z-score) is used when the sampling distribution

is normal or close to normal. Z-scores are used when the population
standard deviation is known or when you have larger sample sizes. While
the z-score can also be used to calculate probability for unknown standard
deviations and small samples. Many statisticians prefer using the t-
distribution to calculate these probabilities.
Table of Critical Values (Z-Score)

Level of Significance
Test Type
𝛼 = 0.01 𝛼 = 0.025 𝛼 = 0.05 𝛼 = 0.10
left-tailed test −2.33 −1.96 −1.645 −1.28
right-tailed test 2.33 1.96 1.645 1.28
two-tailed test ±2.575 ±2.33 ±1.96 ±1.645

a. left-tailed test: If the alternative hypothesis 𝐻𝑎 contains the less-than

inequality symbol (<), the hypothesis test is a left-tailed test.
b. right-tailed test: If the alternative hypothesis 𝐻𝑎 contains the greater-
than inequality symbol (>), the hypothesis test is a right-tailed test.
c. two-tailed test: If the alternative hypothesis 𝐻𝑎 contains the not-equal-to
symbol (≠), the hypothesis test is a two-tailed test. In a two-tailed test,
1
each tail has an area of 2 𝛼.

6
Examples:

Find the critical z values. In each case, assume that the normal distribution
applies.

1. left-tailed test with α= 0.01 𝒛 = −𝟐. 𝟑𝟑 (based on the table of critical value
of z)
2. two-tailed test with α=0.05 𝒛 = ±𝟏. 𝟗𝟔
3. right-tailed test with α=0.025 𝒛 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟔

Critical Value of t-Distribution

The t-distribution table values are critical values of the t-

distribution. The column header is the t-distribution probabilities (alpha).
The row names are the degrees of freedom (df).
To find critical values for t-distribution:
1. Identify the level of significance.
2. Identify the degrees of freedom, d.f. = n -1.
3. Find the critical value using t-distribution in the row with n-1 degrees of
freedom. If the hypothesis test is:
a. left-tailed, use “α one tail” column with a negative sign.
b. right-tailed, use “α one tail” column with a positive sign.
c. two-tailed, use “α two tails” column with a negative and a positive
sign.

Critical Value Table for t-Distribution

𝜶 for one-tailed test 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005
𝜶 for two-tailed test 0.10 0.05 0.02 0.01
df = (n – 1)
1 6.311 12.706 31.821 63.657
2 2.920 4.303 6.065 9.925
3 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841
4 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604
5 2.025 2.571 3.365 4.032
6 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707
7 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499
8 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355
9 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250
10 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169
11 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106
12 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055
13 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012
14 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977
15 1.753 2.134 2.602 2.947
16 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921
17 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898
18 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878
19 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861

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 20 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845
21 1.721 2.080 2.512 2.831
22 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819
23 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807
24 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797
25 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787
26 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779
27 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771
28 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763
29 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756
30 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750

Examples:

a) Find the critical t-value for a left-tailed test with α= 0.05 and n =21.
Answer: 𝒕 = −𝟏. 𝟕𝟐𝟓
b) Find the critical t-value for a right-tailed test with α=0.01 and n = 17.
Answer: 𝒕 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟖𝟑
c) Find the critical t-values for a two-tailed test with α=0.05 and n =26.
Answer: 𝒕 = ±𝟐. 𝟎𝟔𝟎

Critical Regions/Rejection Regions

Critical region, also known as the rejection region, describes the

entire area of values that indicates you reject the null hypothesis. In other
words, the critical region is the area encompassed by the values not
included in the acceptance region. It is the area of the “tails” of the
distribution.

The “tails” of a test are the values outside of the critical values. In
other words, the tails are the ends of the distribution and they begin at the
greatest or least value in the alternative hypothesis (the critical values).

Rejection Region If Population Variance Is Known

To determine the critical region for a normal distribution, we use the

table for the standard normal distribution. If the level of significance is  =
0.10, then for a one-tailed test, the critical region is below 𝑧 = −1.28 or

above 𝑧 = 1.28. For a two-tailed test, use 2 = 0.05 and the critical region is
below 𝑧 = −1.645 and above 𝑧 = 1.645. If the absolute value of the
calculated statistics has a value equal to or greater than the critical value,
then the null hypotheses 𝐻𝑜 should be rejected and the alternate hypothesis
𝐻𝑎 is assumed to be supported.

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Rejection Region If Population Variance Is Unknown

To determine the critical region for a t-distribution, we use the table

of the t-distribution. (Assume that we use a t-distribution with 20 degrees of
freedom.) If the level of significance is  = .10, then for a one-tailed test, 𝑡 =

−1.325 or 𝑡 = 1.325. For a two-tailed test, use 2 = 0.05 and then 𝑡 = −1.725
and 𝑡 = 1.725. If the absolute value of the calculated statistics has a value
equal to or greater than the critical value, then the null hypotheses 𝐻𝑜 will
be rejected and the alternate hypotheses 𝐻𝑎 is assumed to be correct.

Hypothesis Test and Their Tails

There are three types of test from a “tails” standpoint:

 A left-tailed test only has a tail on the left side of the graph.
rejection
region

 A right-tailed test only has a tail on the right side of the graph

rejection
region

 A two-tailed test has tails on both ends of the graph. This is a test
where the null hypothesis is a claim of a specific value.

rejection
rejection
region
region

Illustrative Examples:

Determine the critical values and the appropriate rejection region. Sketch
the sampling distribution.

1. Right-tailed test where 𝝈 is known, 𝜶 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓, and 𝒏 = 𝟑𝟒

In this example, the population standard deviation is known. Therefore,
the test statistic would be z-test. To obtain the critical value for the level of
significance of 0.05 and one-tailed test, z-value from the table is 1.645. The

9
hypothesis test is right-tailed, so the inequality symbol would be ≥. Hence, the
rejection region for a one-tailed test is z ≥ 1.645.
To sketch the graph, locate first the critical value of 1.645 which is
between the 1 and 2 in the normal curve. Then, shade the region greater than
the critical value because it is a right-tailed test.

critical value rejection region

z=1.645

2. Two-tailed test where 𝝈 is unknown, 𝜶 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓, and 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎

Since this is a two-tailed test, ½ of 0.05= 0.025 of the values would be
in the left and the other 0.025 would be in the right tail. Looking up t-score
(n=10-1=9) associated with 0.025 on the reference table, we find 2.262.
Therefore, +2.262 is the critical value of the right tail and -2.262 is the critical
value of the left tail. The rejection region is −𝟐. 𝟐𝟔𝟐 ≤ 𝒕 ≥ 𝟐. 𝟐𝟔𝟐.

critical value critical value

𝒕 = −𝟐. 𝟐𝟔𝟐 𝒕 = +𝟐. 𝟐𝟔𝟐

rejection region rejection region

3. Left-tailed test where 𝝈 is known, 𝜶 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏, and 𝒏 = 𝟒𝟎

A one-tailed test with 0.01 would have 99% of the area under the curve
outside of the critical region. Since the variance is known, we use z-score as
the reference to find the critical value. This is a left-tailed test, so the critical
value we need is negative. The solution is z= -2.326. The rejection region is z
≤ -2.326.

rejection
region critical value
𝒛 = −𝟐. 𝟑𝟐𝟔

In the first three examples, you were able to find rejection region given
the hypothesis test, population variance known or unknown, number of
sample, and level of significance. The following example will discuss on how
to determine the appropriate rejection region in a real-life problem.

10
4. A survey reports a customer in the drive thru lane of one fast food
chain spends eight minutes to wait for his/her order. A sample of 24
customers at the drive thru lane showed mean of 7.5 minutes with a
standard deviation of 3.2 minutes. Is the waiting time at the drive
thru lane less than that of the survey made? Use 0.05 significance
level.
Hypotheses Hypothesis Population Level of Number z-value
Test Standard Significance of or t-
Known/Unknown Sample value
𝑯𝑶 : 𝝁 = 𝟖, left-tailed 𝛔 is unknown. 𝜶 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 𝒏 = 𝟐𝟒 t-value
𝑯𝒂 : 𝝁 < 𝟖, test

A one-tailed test with 0.05 level of significance has 95% of the area
under the curve outside of the critical region. Since the variance is unknown,
we use t-score with df = 24-1=23 as the reference to determine the critical
value. This is a left-tailed test, so the critical value we need is negative. The
critical value is 2. 069 and the rejection region is 𝒕 ≤ −𝟐. 𝟎𝟔𝟗.

5. A banana company claims that the mean weight of their banana is 150
grams with a standard deviation of 18 grams. Data generated from a
sample of 49 bananas randomly selected indicated a mean weight of
153.5 grams per banana. Is there sufficient evidence to reject the
company’s claim? Use 𝛼 = 0.05.
Hypotheses Hypothesis Population Level of Number z-value
Test Standard Significance of or
Known/Unknown Sample t-value
𝑯𝑶 : 𝝁 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎 two-tailed σ is known. 𝜶 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 𝒏 = 𝟒𝟗 z-
𝑯𝒂 : 𝝁 ≠ 𝟏𝟓𝟎 test value

The rejection region is 𝒛 ≤ −𝟏. 𝟗𝟔 or 𝒛 ≥ 𝟏. 𝟗𝟔.

critical value critical value

𝒛 = −𝟏. 𝟗𝟔 𝒛 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟔

rejection region rejection region

11
 After you find the appropriate rejection region, you will then
compute the standard (z or t) value based on the given data in the
hypothesis problem. If the computed value is in the rejection region,
then reject the null hypothesis and if not, do not reject the null
hypothesis. More discussions about this decision making will be on the
next module.

What’s More

Activity 1: What is My Value?

Directions: Find the critical value of the following.
1. right-tailed test 𝛼 = 0.05 n=25
2. two-tailed test 𝛼 = 0.01 n=20
3. two-tailed test 𝛼 = 0.10 n=29
4. left-tailed test 𝛼 = 0.05 n=50
5. two-tailed test 𝛼 = 0.01 n=67
6. one-tailed test, σ known 𝛼 = 0.05, n=34
7. two-tailed test, σ unknown 𝛼 = 0.01 n=23
8. right-tailed test, σ unknown 𝛼 = 0.01 n=15
9. one-tailed test, σ known 𝛼 = 0.025 n=37
10. left-tailed test, σ known 𝛼 = 0.05 n=36

Activity 2. Reject It!

Directions: Find the rejection region for each hypothesis test based on the
information given.
1. 𝐻𝑜 : μ=121 𝐻𝑎 :μ >121 α=0.01 n=39 σ=known
2. 𝐻𝑜 : μ=98.6 𝐻𝑎 :μ ≠98.6 α=0.05 n= 25 σ=unknown
3. 𝐻𝑜 : μ=27 𝐻𝑎 : μ <27 α=0.05 n=12 σ=known
4. 𝐻𝑜 : μ=65 𝐻𝑎 : μ≠65 α=0.05 n=9 σ=unknown
5. 𝐻𝑜 : μ=2.9 𝐻𝑎 : μ>2.9 α=0.01 n=50 σ=known

Activity 3. Let’s Do Sketch!

Directions: Sketch the graph given the critical value and rejection region.
1. 𝑧 ≥ 2.33
2. 𝑧 ≤ −1.645 or 𝑧 ≥ 1.645
3. 𝑡 ≤ −2.145
4. 𝑡 ≤ −1.771 or 𝑡 ≥ 1.771
5. 𝑧 ≤ −1.28

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Activity 4. Think Critically!
Directions: Identify the critical value of each given problem. Find the
rejection region and sketch the curve on a separate sheet of paper.
1. 𝐻𝑂 : 𝜇 = 90
𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 ≠ 90
The sample mean is 69 and sample size is 35. The population follows a
normal distribution with standard deviation 5. Use 𝛼 = 0.05.
2. A survey reports the mean age at death in the Philippines is 70.95 years
old. An agency examines 100 randomly selected deaths and obtains a
mean of 73 years with standard deviation of 8.1 years. At 1% level of
significance, test whether the agency’s data support the alternative
hypothesis that the population mean is greater than 70.95.
3. The mean time costumer waits in line before checking in a grocery chain
is less than 10 minutes. To verify the performance of the store, the
obtaining mean time of 25 costumers is 9.5 minutes with standard
deviation of 1.6 minute. Use these data to test the null hypothesis that
the mean time is 10 minutes, at 0.01 level of significance.
4. A fast food restaurant cashier claimed that the average amount spent by
the customers for dinner is ₱125.00. Over a month period, a sample of 50
customers was selected and it was found that the average amount spent
for dinner was ₱130.00. Using 0.05 level of significance, can it be
concluded that the average amount spent by customers is more than
₱125.00? Assume that the population standard deviation is ₱7.00.
5. According to the radio announcer, the average price of kilogram of pork
liempo is more than ₱210.00. However, a sample of 15 prices randomly
collected from different markets showed an average of ₱215.00 and
standard deviation of ₱9.00. Using 0.05 level of significance, is there
sufficient evidence to conclude that the average price of pork liempo is
more than ₱210.00?

What I Have Learned

Directions: Complete the following statements.

1. _____________ is a point on the test distribution that is compared to the
test statistic to determine whether to reject or accept the null hypothesis.
2. A _____________ may be defined as the sensitivity of the test.
3. The most used levels of significance are _______, _______, and _______.

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 4. Z-score is used when the population standard deviation is _____________
while t-score is used when the population standard deviation
is_____________.
5. _____________, also known as the critical region, describes the entire area
of values that indicates you reject the null hypothesis.
6. The values outside the critical values are the _____________.
7. To determine the critical region if population variance is known, use table
for _____________ distribution while if the variance is unknown, use table
for _____________ distribution.
8. If the hypothesis test is a right-tailed test, then the z-values or t-values
on the rejection region are _____________ the critical value.
9. When the given hypothesis test is a two-tailed test, then the rejection
regions are on ___________________ tails of the distribution.
10. To sketch the graph of the rejection region, locate first the _____________.

What I Can Do

Create a meme about concepts in hypothesis testing such as hypothesis,

test statistic, or rejection region.

Photo taken from https://memegenerator.net/instance/48001959/dikembe-mutombo-test-statistic-in-the-rejection-region-null-

hypothesis-not-in-my-house

Criteria for Creating a Meme Equivalent Points

Design 15 points
Appropriateness 15 points
Uniqueness 10 points
Effectiveness 10 points
Total 50 points

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 Assessment

Directions: Choose the best answer to the given questions or statements.

Write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.

1. In a left-tailed test with 𝛼 = 0.01, the critical value of z is:

A. -2.576 B. -2.330 C. -1.960 D. -1.645
2. Which of the following defines the area encompassed by the values not
included in the non-rejection region or also the area of the tails of the
distribution?
A. critical value C. level of significance
B. rejection region D. population variance

3. For a two-tailed test with variance unknown, n= 16, and 𝛼 = 0.05, what is
the critical value?
A. ±2.092 B. ±2.134 C. ±2.145 D. ±2.145
4. For a one-tailed test with a sample of 15, the null hypothesis will not be
rejected at 5% level of significance if the test statistics is:
A. 𝑡 ≤ −1.761 B. 𝑡 ≤ −1.753 C. 𝑡 ≤ −1.703 D. 𝑡 ≤ −1.697
5. If the level of significance decreased from 0.1 to 0.05, then the
boundaries for the critical region move farther away from the center of
the distribution.
A. true B. false C. both A and B D. cannot be determined
6. In a right-tailed test, the rejection lies in the ________ tails of distribution.
A. up B. left C. right D. down
7. Based on the graph, which of the following is TRUE?
A. This is a two-tailed test.
B. This is a right-tailed test.
−1.725
C. Level of significance is 0.025.
D. The rejection region is 𝑡 ≤ -1.725.
8. What is the rejection region of the given normal curve at the right?
A. 𝑧 ≥ 1.28
B. 𝑧 ≥ 1.645
C. 𝑧 ≥ 1.96
D. 𝑧 ≤ 2.33
9. Given a left-tailed test, population standard deviation is unknown, 𝑛 =
27, 𝛼 = 0.01, what is the critical value?

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 A. 𝑡 = −2.528 B. 𝑡 = −2.479 C. 𝑡 = −1.706 D. 𝑡 = 2.479
10. What is the critical value if the population variance is known, 𝑎 = 0.025,
and it is a two-tailed test?
A. 𝑧 = ±1.28 B. 𝑧 = ±1.645 C. 𝑧 = ±1.96 D. 𝑧 = ±2.33
11. Which of the following is the correct illustration of rejection region 𝑡 ≤
−1.943?
A. B. C. D.

12. Which of the following is the sketch of the normal curve if 𝑧 < −1.645 𝑜𝑟
𝑧 > 1.645?
A. B. C. D.

13. Given the graph of the normal curve at the right, what are the directional
test of hypothesis and critical z value if 𝛼 = 0.01?
A. two-tailed test, ±2.33
B. two-tailed test, ± 2.575
C. left-tailed test, −1.645
D. right-tailed test, 1.645

14. In the given problem below, what is the rejection region?

The factory owner claimed that their bottled fruit juice has the
capacity of less than an average of 280 ml. To test the claim, a group of
consumers gets a sample of 80 bottles of the fruit juice, calculates the
capacity, and then finds the mean capacity to be 265ml. The standard
deviation is 8ml. Use 𝛼 = 0.05 level of significance to test the claim.
A. 𝑧 ≤ −1.645 C. 𝑧 ≥ 1.645
B. 𝑧 ≤ −1.28 D. 𝑧 ≥ 2.33
15. Based on the given problem in no. 14, which is the appropriate rejection
region?

A. C.

B. D.

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 Additional Activities

Activity 5. Do It Now!

Directions: Read and analyze the given problem. Supply the data being
asked for on the items that follow.

1. Effects of drug and alcohol on the nervous system have been the subject
of significant research. A neurologist wants to test the effect of a drug by
injecting 100 rats with a unit dose of the drug, subjecting each rat to
stimulus, and recording its response time. It has been found out that the
mean is x̅ = 1.05 with standard deviation of s = 0.5. The mean response
time of a rat not to respond is 1.2 seconds. She wishes to test whether
the mean response time for drug-injected rats differs from 1.2 seconds.
Assume that the population is normal using α = 0.05.

a. null and alternative hypotheses: ____________________________________

b. test of hypothesis: __________________________________________________
c. level of significance: ________________________________________________
d. population standard deviation: _____________________________________
e. sample standard deviation: _________________________________________
f. number or sample: _________________________________________________
g. test statistic: _______________________________________________________
h. critical value: ______________________________________________________
i. rejection region: ___________________________________________________
j. graph:

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