Branch Code: PH21- Dual Degree (B.S & M.

S) in Physics 2021
Batch

Semester 1

PH1010 Physics I

Unit 1: Revisiting Newton's Laws of Motion

Concepts of inertia, force and momentum, linear and angular momenta, conservative force fields
(gravitational and electrostatic), equipotentials and the concept of gradient.
Key theme: Newton’s Laws, the connection between fields and potentials

Unit 2: Equilibrium and Oscillations in Physical Systems

Introduction to phase space and phase trajectories; equilibrium and stability, small oscillations,forced and
dissipative oscillations, resonance; analogy between electrical and mechanical oscillating systems.
Key theme: Departure from equilibrium: oscillations

Unit 3: Motion in a Central Force Field

Central potential and conservation of energy and angular momentum; effective potential, Kepler's laws
(planetary motion), satellite orbits.
Key theme: Symmetry and conservation laws

Unit 4: The Equation of Continuity

The concepts of flux and divergence of a force field; Gauss' theorem, equation of continuity and its physical
meaning; Local description of conservation of mass and charge.
Key theme: Physical significance of the equation of continuity and its universality.

Unit 5: Circulation of Vector Fields

Concepts of circulation and curl of a vector field, Stokes' theorem, irrotational vector fields;
electrostatic and magnetostatic fields, fluid flow and Bernoulli’s principle; vorticity.
Key theme: Concept of circulation in a variety of physical systems

Text books:
1. Daniel Kleppner and Robert Kolenkow , An Introduction to Mechanics, TMH,(2007)
2. David Morin, Introduction to Classical Mechanics, with problems and solutions, Cambridge Univ. Press
(2008).
3. D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, PHI Learning, (2012).

References:
1. J R Taylor, Classical Mechanics, University Science Books (2004).
2. C. Kittel, W. Knight, M. Rudermanet. al., Mechanics (Berkeley PhysicsCourse, Vol. 1) McGraw Hill
Education (India) Pvt. Ltd. (2011).
3. E. M. Purcell and J. Morin, Electricity and Magnetism (Berkeley Physics Course, Vol. 2), Cambridge
University Press(2013)
4. Feynman R.P., Leighton R.B. and Sands M. (Narosa), The Feynman Lecturesof Physics (Vol.1.), Narosa
Publishing House (2008).

PH1050 Foundation of Computational Physics

Description: Learning Objectives: To motivate the need for computational approach in Physics. To
develop the skill of using numerical techniques to solve basic physics problems. To introduce
programming skills using interactive platforms such as Mathematica and Python. To develop the
analytical skill through visualization and data plotting.Learning Outcome: Students must be able to use
interactive platforms to execute basic numerical tasks and data analysis. This will assist them to solve
basic numerical physics problems.
Course Content: Overview of various interactive platforms (Mathematica, Matlab, Python and other
programming languages) and their utility in PhysicsPart-A (Data Analysis and Numerical Problem Solving
through Mathematica)Preface of Mathematica (What Mathematica is all about, how it works, few basic
commands);Functions; Plotting of multi-variable functions; 2D and 3D visualizations; Polynomial data
fitting (linear, least square, spline);
Data interpolation; Probability and Statistics; Regression analysis; Error analysis, Random number
generator; Solving algebraic expressions, Numerical precision; Matrix algebra: Finding eigenvalues and
eigenvectors; Calculus: Differentiation and IntegrationPart-B (Learning through Python)Introduction to
Python, Basic Commands, Importing Modules (Numpy, Scipy, Matplotlib) Revisit of the problems and
concepts discussed in part-A through PythonPart-C (Application of Mathematica/Python to solve
problems in physics)Central Force Problem, Harmonic Oscillator, Waves & Oscillations, Electricity and
Magnetism, Data Analysis

Text Books:
1. S. Wolfram, The Mathematica Book (5th Ed.), Champaign, IL: Wolfram Research (2003)
2. Alex Martelli, Phython in a Nutshell (2nd Ed.) O’ Reilly, CA, 2006
Reference Books:
1. R. L. Zimmerman, F. I. Olness, Mathematica for Physics (2nd Ed) Addison Wesley (2002)2. M. Lutz,
Learning Python, (5th Ed.) O’Reilly, CA, (2013)

PH1080 Thermodynamics and Kinetic Theory

Description: To introduce to the students basic concepts like entropy, etc, kinetic theory and laws of
thermodynamics to enable them to use and apply them in later courses like Statistical Physics, Condensed
Matter Physics, etc. Also introduce and familiarize to the students other important formulations like
thermodynamic potentials etc, and study phenomena like liquefaction of gases, phase transformations
and other phenomena. This course aims to take the students from the elementary thermodynamics to the
threshold of Statistical Physics.
Course Content: Overview and introduction: characteristic features of macroscopic systems, conditions
of equilibrium. The basic problems of thermodynamics. Specification of the state of a system. Number of
states accessible to a macroscopic system, constraints, equilibrium and irreversibility, interaction
between systems and first law of thermodynamics. Thermal interaction: Approach to thermal
equilibrium, temperature, systems in contact with heat reservoir, probability of occurrence of a state.
Classical approximation, Maxwell Velocity distribution, the equipartition theorem, the specific heat of
solids. General thermodynamic interaction between systems. Dependence of number of states on the
external parameters. General thermodynamic relation at equilibrium. Thermodynamic potentials.
Legendre Transformations. Second and third law of thermodynamics. Equilibrium conditions of an
isolated systems and a system in contact with reservoir. Equilibrium between phases. Gibbs phase rule.
Elementary kinetic theory of transport process. Viscosity, conductivity, self-diffusion, electrical
conductivity. Boltzmann transport equation.
Text Books: Concepts in Thermal Physics, S.J. Blundell and K. M. Blundell, Oxford University Press, 2012
Reference Books: Course References: 1. F. Rief , Statistical Physics , Berkeley Volume 5 (Tata McGraw
Hill, special Indian edition 2008)
2. H .B. Callen, Thermodynamics and an introduction to Thermostatistics (John Wiley and Sons 1985)
3. K.P.N.Murthy, Excursions in Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics, Universities Press 2009 4. H.
Gould and J. Tobochink, Thermal and statistical Physics Princeton University Press in 2010

PH1030 Physics Laboratory I

Course Content: Experiments in Mechanics Properties Materials, Heat, Electromagnetism and Optics.
Reference Books :
1. Smith E. V. -Manual of Experiments in Applied Physics, London,'" Butterworth, 1970.
2. Workshop B.L., and Flint H.P. -Advanced Practical Physics for Students, Methuen and Co. Ltd. London.
 3. Jerrad H.G. and Mc Neil D.B. -Theoretical and Experimental Physics.
4. Fretter W.B. -Introduction to Experimental Physics, Blackiee
5. M. Nelkon and J.rlJl. Ogborn -Advanced Level Practical Physics, English Language Book Society, 1955.

Semester 2

PH1020 Physics II

Description: To enable the students to: a) descrie electromagnetic phenomena using the language of vector
calculus. b) determine electric and magnetic fields arising from simple configurations of static charges as
well as steady currents in vacuum and in matter. c) solve problems involving propagation of
electromagnetic waves in vacuum and in matter. d) apply the methodology of quantum mechanics to simple
systems.

Course Content: Unit 1: Electrostatics and magnetostatics Maxwell’s equation-I, work and energy in
electrostatics, displacement and polarization, boundary conditions. Maxwell’s equation-II,
Ampere’s law, magnetic vector potential, magnetism in matter.
Unit 2: Electrodynamics and electromagnetic radiation Lorentz force, Faraday’s law and Lenz’s law,
electromagnetic induction. Displacement current, Maxwell’s equations III and IV, energy stored in an
electromagnetic field, electromagnetic waves in vacuum and in matter, Snell’s law.
Unit 3: Introduction to quantum mechanics The quantum nature of radiation, interference experiment with
radiation and particle beams. Postulates of quantum mechanics, Schrodinger wave equation. Applications
to simple physical systems such as free particle, particle in a box and barrier penetration, spin, two-state
systems.

Text Books :
1. Introduction to Electrodynamics David J. Griffiths, Pearson Education India Learning Private Limited; 4
Edition (2015)
2. Intro to Quantum Mechanics David J. Griffiths, Pearson Education India Learning Private Limited (2015)
3. Fundamentals of Physics II - Electromagnetism, Optics, and Quantum Mechanics: 2 (The Open Yale
Courses) R. Shankar Yale University Press; 1 edition (2016)

Reference Books: 1. The Feynman Lectures on Physics Vol 2, Richard P. Feynman and R. B. Leighton
Narosa Publishing House (2008)
2. The Feynman Lectures on Physics Vol 3, Richard P. Feynman and R. B. Leighton Narosa Book Distributors
(2008)
3. Quantum PhysicsH C Verma, TBS, 2nd edition (2012)

PH1040 Physics Lab II

Course Content:
Experiments in Electricity, Magnetism, Optics and Atomic.

Reference Books:
1. Smith E.V. - Manual of Experiments in Applied Physics, London, Butterworth, 1970.
2. Workshop B.L., and Flint H.P. -Advanced Practical Physics for Students, Methuen and Co. Ltd. London.
3. Jerrad H.G. and Mc Neil D.B. -Theoretical and Experimental Physics.
4. Fretter W.B. -Introduction to Experimental Physics, Blackiee, 5. M. Nelkon and J.M. Ogborn - Advanced
Level Practical Physics,English Language Book Society, 1955

PH2170 Basic Electronics

Description: Learning objectives This is an introductory course in electronics, the principal objective of
which is to lay a convincing foundation. Essentially, this course is expected to help raise the background of
the students to the level required for taking advanced-level courses in electronics. Specific topics that are
proposed include, lumped circuit models for passive and active circuit elements, analysis of bipolar junction
transistors, applications of transistors, concept of feedback and application, and a quick introduction to
operational amplifiers. Learning outcomes Upon successful completion, the students will be in a position
to i) use circuit models for discrete passive and active electronic components, ii) apply various methods of
analysis, including super position principle and nodal analysis for electronic circuits, iii) design and analyze
transistor based circuits using the concepts of load lines and operating points, iv) develop and fabricate
bipolar junction and field effect transistor based linear and non-linear circuits for specific application,
analyze their performance and explain discrepancies using circuit models, and v) use differential amplifiers
and build linear circuits based on operational amplifiers.

Course Content: Passive elements and diodes Lumped circuit elements - Kirchhoff’s Laws –
Thevenin and Norton theorems – nodal and mesh analysis – superposition principle. PN junction diode
– load line and small signal analysis – types of diodes – simple diode circuits. Bipolar junction
transistors Transistor amplifiers and dc analysis – CB, CE and CC configurations – the Ebers-Moll
Model. Two-port devices and hybrid model – h parameters and small signal analysis of amplifiers –
cascading transistor amplifiers. Bias and bias stabilization – operating point – stability factor –
analysis of different biasing schemes – bias compensation methods. Feedback Feedback and transfer gain
– negative feedback amplifiers – input output characteristics. Voltage series, current series, voltage
shunt and current shunt configurations. Positive feedback, stability and oscillators – transistor oscillators
– Hartley, Colpitt and RC phase shift oscillators. Power amplifiers Class A, B, C and AB power amplifiers
– efficiency and power dissipation of Class B push-pull amplifier. Single tuned amplifiers. Field effect
transistors JFETs and their characteristics – biasing and JFET amplifiers – MOSFETs and their
characteristics. Opamps Differential amplifiers and opamps – opamp characteristics – simple linear
opamp circuits.

Text Books:
1. Integrated Electronics: Analog and Digital Circuits and Systems, Jacob Millman and Christos C. Halkias,
48th reprint, 1991 edition, Tata- McGraw Hill, New Delhi, India, 2008.
2. Electronic Devices and Circuits Theory, Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky, 10th edition, Pearson,
Delhi, India, 2009.
3. Electronic Principles, Albert Malvino and David Bates, 7th edition, Tata-McGraw Hill, New Delhi, India,
2007.

Reference Books:
1. The Art of Electronics, Paul Horowitz and Winfield Hill, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, New
York, USA, 1989. 2. 2000
Solved Problems in Electronics, J. J. Cathey, Schaum’s outline series, Tata-McGraw Hill, New Delhi, India,
1991. 3. Electronic Circuits: Discrete and
Integrated, D. L. Schilling and C. Belove, Tata-McGraw Hill, New Delhi, India, 2002.

Semester 3

EP2110 Introduction to Mathematical Physics

Description: Learning Objectives: To gain a working knowledge of mathematical methods used in

physics.Learning Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student (i) will know elementary ideas in linear
algebra, special functions and complex analysis and (ii) will be able to apply these to solve problems in
classical, statistical and quantum mechanics as well as electromagnetism

Course Content: Linear vector spaces, Basis sets. Orthogonality and completeness. Linear maps and dual
space, Bra and ket notation. Inner product; Linear operators and Matrices, Hermitian and unitary
operators, Normal matrices and their diagonalization, Cayley-Hamilton theorem.New vector spaces from
old: Direct sum and tensor products, outer product of matrices; Examples: Vectors and Tensors in R^3,
Rotation group in 2 and 3 dimensions. Spin and C^2, Pauli matrices. Generators of rotations. Multiple spins
and the tensor product, Hilbert space. Dirac delta function, representation and properties.

Examples: L_2(S^1) and Fourier Series; L_2(R) and Fourier transforms; Convolution in Fourier Series and
Transforms; L_2(S^2) and spherical harmonics.Families of orthogonal polynomials as basis sets in function
space, Legendre, Hermite, Laguerre, Chebyshev and Gegenbauer polynomials, Generating functions.
Expansion of functions, Inversion formulas.Elements of analytic function theory, Cauchy-Riemann
conditions, Cauchy's integral theorem and integral formula, Singularities-poles and essential singularities,
residue theorem and contour integration. Occurrence of Laplace, Poisson, Helmholtz wave and diffusion
equations in physical applications, Elementary properties of these equations and their solutions.

Text Books:
1. P. Dennery and A. Krzywicki, Mathematics for physicists (Dover Publications, 1996)
2. J. Hefferon, Linear Algebra (Chapters 2 and 3), (Orthogonal Press, 2014),
Freely available at: http://joshua.smcvt.edu/linearalgebra/3. G. Arfken and H. J. Weber, Mathematical
Methods for Physicists (7th Edition) (Academic Press, 2012).

Reference Books:
1. K.F.Riley, M.P.Hobson and S.J. Bence, Mathematical Methods for physics and engineering (Cambridge U.
Press, 2006).
2. L.A.Pipes and L.R.Harwell, Applied Mathematics for Engineers and Physicists (McGraw-Hill).
3. B.Friedman, Principles and Techniques of Applied Mathematics (Dover, 1990).
4.D.W.Lewis, Matrix Theory (Allied Publishers, 1991).8. M.P.Boas, Mathematical Methods in the Physical
Sciences (2nd Edition) (Wiley, 1983)

PH2050 Physics Lab - III

Description: The course will deal interesting phenomena that are not only relevant from a fundamental
point of view, but often have important applications. The aim is to bring students laboratory experiences,
in pragmatic terms, which stress the acquisition of practical skills, equipment familiarity, observational
skills, interpretation of data and a critical approach to experimentation. Undergraduate students,
however, have some different perceptions off laboratory aims, and rate highly those activities associated
with educational processes, for example the links which they observe to exist between
theoretical material and laboratory work.

Course Content: The course accommodates experiments based on the (i) mechanics, (ii) electricity and
magnetism, (iii) optics, (iv) electronics and (v) thermodynamics.

Text Books: B. L. Worsnop and H. T. Flint, Advanced Practical Physics for Students, Methusen and Co.
(1950).

Reference Books:
1. E. V. Smith, Manual for experiments in applied physics, Butterworths (1970).
2.R. A. Dunlap, Experimental physics: Modern methods, Oxford University Press (1988).
3.D. Malacara (ed), Methods of experimental physics: Series of volumes, Academic Press Inc. (1988).
4. Roman Kezerashvili, College physics laboratory experiments : electricity, magnetism, optics, New York :
Gurami Pub., (2003).
5. S. Panigrahi & B.Mallick, Engineering Practical Physics, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., (2015).
6. Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, Advanced level Physics
Practicals, 4th Edition, reprinted, Heinemann Educational Publishers, (1985).
7. Indu Prakash and Ramakrishna, A Text Book of Practical Physics, 11th
Edition, Kitab Mahal, New Delhi, (2011).
8. D. P. Khandelwal, A Laboratory Manual of Physics for Undergraduate Classes, Vani Publication, (1985
 Semester 4

PH2070 Introduction to Biophysics

Description: To introduce Physics students to the emerging interdisciplinary area of biological

physics, and train them in using physical concepts to gain quantitative understanding of biological
phenomena.

Course Content: Total lecture hours: 38 (estimated number for each unit given in
brackets).1.The living cell as a physical system. (3) Thermodynamic foundations, Structure and
organization of the cell, molecular forces2. Review of Thermodynamics and Probability (5)
Thermodynamic potentials, Random variables, Gaussian and Poisson distributions, fluctuations
3. Entropy and Free Energy (5) Entropic forces in the cell, rectification of fluctuations, osmotic
flow, self-assembly.4. Biological applications of diffusion (5) Brownian motion, Fick’s law,
diffusion in one and higher dimensions, biological examples of random walks5. Hydrodynamics
(5) Viscosity, friction and dissipation, Reynolds number, biological applications: pumping,
stirring and swimming 6. Chemical kinetics and enzymes (5) Chemical reactions, binding and
dissociation, diffusion-limited association, Kramers’ theory, Michaelis-Menten kinetics,
molecular motors7. Structure and mechanics (5) Hooke’s law, elastic models of polymers and
membranes, bending and stretching of DNA8. Mathematical Biology (5) Differential equation
models, instability and bifurcations, reaction-diffusion systems, pattern formation, chemotaxis.

TextBooks:1. Biological Physics: Energy, Information, Life, Philip Nelson (W. H. Freeman and
Company, 2004)

Reference Books:
1. Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Meyer B. Jackson (Cambridge University Press, 2006)
2. Physical Biology of the Cell, R. Phillips, J. Kondev and J. Theriot (Garland Science, 2009)
3. Random walks in Biology, H. Berg (Princeton University Press, 1993)
4. Molecular Biology of the Cell, B. Alberts et al. (Garland Science, 4th ed,2002)
5. Mathematical Biology: I. An Introduction, J. D. Murray (Springer, 2007)
6. Pattern Formation and Dynamics in Nonequilibrium Systems, M. Cross and H. Greenside
(Cambridge University Press, 2009)

PH2080 Physics Lab IV

Description: The course will deal interesting phenomena that are not only relevant from a
fundamental point of view, but often have important applications. The aim is to bring students
laboratory experiences, in pragmatic terms, which stress the acquisition of practical skills,
equipment familiarity, observational skills, interpretation of data and a critical approach to
experimentation. Undergraduate students, however, have some different perceptions of
laboratory aims, and rate highly those activities associated with educational processes, for
example the links which they observe to exist between theoretical material and laboratory work.

Course Content: The course accommodates experiments based on the (i) mechanics, (ii)
electricity and magnetism, (iii) optics, (iv) electronics and (v) thermodynamics.

Text Books: B. L. Worsnop and H. T. Flint, Advanced Practical Physics for Students, Methusen and
Co. (1950).
Reference Books:
1. E. V. Smith, Manual for experiments in applied physics, Butterworths (1970).
2.R. A. Dunlap, Experimental physics: Modern methods, Oxford University Press (1988).
3.D. Malacara (ed), Methods of experimental physics: Series of volumes, Academic Press Inc.
(1988).
4. Roman Kezerashvili, College physics laboratory experiments : electricity, magnetism, optics,
New York : Gurami Pub., (2003).
5. S. Panigrahi & B.Mallick, Engineering Practical Physics, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd.,
(2015).
6. Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, Advanced level Physics Practicals, 4th Edition, reprinted,
Heinemann Educational Publishers, (1985).
7. Indu Prakash and Ramakrishna, A Text Book of Practical Physics, 11 th Edition, Kitab Mahal, New
Delhi, (2011).
8. D. P. Khandelwal, A Laboratory Manual of Physics for Undergraduate Classes, Vani Publication,
(1985).

Semester 5

PH5030 Classical Mechanics:

Mechanics of a system of particles in vector form. Conservation of linear momentum, energy and angular
momentum. Degrees of freedom, generalised coordinates and velocities. Lagrangian, action principle,
external action, Euler-Lagrange equations. Constraints. Applications of the Lagrangian formalism.
Generalised momenta, Hamiltonian, Hamilton's equations of motion. Legendre transform, relation to
Lagrangian formalism. Phase space, Phase trajectories. Applications to systems with one and two degree.

Reference Books:
H. Goldstein, Classical Mechanics, 2nd Edition, Narosa Pub. House (1989). I. Percival and D. Richards,
Introduction to Dynamics, Cambridge University Press ( 1987) [Chapters 4,5,6, 7 in particular. also parts of
Chapter 1-3,9, 10]. D. Rindler, Special Theory of Relativity, Oxford University Press (1982).

PH5100 Quantum Mechanics I:

Description: The aim of the course is to provide a systematic introduction to the primary concepts and
methods of quantum mechanics.

Course Content: Basic principles of quantum mechanics. Probabilities and probability amplitudes. Linear
vector spaces. Bra and ket vectors. Completeness, orthonormality, basis sets. Change of basis. Eigenstates
and eigenvalues. Position and momentum representations. Wavefunctions, probability densities, probability
current. Schrodinger equation. Expectation values. Generalized uncertainty relation. One dimensional
potential problem. Particle in a box. Potential barriers. Tunneling. Linear harmonic oscillator: wavefunction
approach and operator approach. Motion in three dimensions. Central potential problem. Orbital angular
momentum operators. Spherical harmonics. Eigenvalues of orbital angular momentum operators. The
hydrogen atom and its energy eigenvalues. A charged particle in a uniform constant magnetic field, energy
eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Schrodinger and Heisenberg pictures. Heisenberg equation of motion.
Interaction picture. Semiclassical approximation: The WKB method. Time- independent perturbation theory.
Nondegenerate and degenerate cases. Examples. Time-dependent perturbation theory. Transition
probabilities. Sudden and adiabatic approximations. Fermi golden rule. The variational method: simple
examples.

Text Books:
1. P. A. M. Dirac, The Principles of Quantum Mechanics, Fourth Edition (Oxford University Press, Oxford,
1958).
2. S. Gasiorowicz,Quantum Physics, Third Edition (John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2003).
3. R. L. Liboff, Introductory Quantum Mechanics, Fourth Edition (Pearson Education, Delhi, 2003).
4. W. Greiner, Quantum Mechanics, Fourth Edition (Springer, Delhi, 2004).
5. D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Second Edition (Pearson Education, Delhi,2005).
6. R. W. Robinett, Quantum Mechanics, Second Edition (Oxford University Press, Oxford,
2006).
7. R. Shankar, Principles of Quantum Mechanics, Second Edition (Springer, Delhi, 2008).
Reference Books:
1. E. Merzbacher, Quantum Mechanics, Second Edition (Wiley International Edition, 1970).
2. L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz,Quantum Mechanics (Course of Theoretical Physics, Volume 3), Third
Edition (Pergamon Press, New York, 1977).
3. P. M. Mathews and K. Venkatesan, A Textbook of Quantum Mechanics (Tata McGraw-Hill, 1977).
4. V. K. Thankappan, Quantum Mechanics. (Wiley Eastern,1985)
5. R. P. Feynman, R.B. Leighton and M.Sands, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Volume 3 (Narosa
Publishing House, 1992). 6. J. J. Sakurai,Modern Quantum Mechanics (Addison-Wesley, Singapore, 1994

PH5040 Electronics

Description: Gives an overview of modern integrated circuit electronics with special reference to applications
in measurements and laboratory. Learn concept of operational amplifier. Design different electronics circuit
using operational amplifier and learn it’s application. Concept of digital electronics and its application
detail. Finally, will be introduced to microprocessor and it’s uses.

Course Content:
Introduction to Integrated Circuits > Differential amplifiers using Transistors > Operational amplifiersFeatures
Characteristics Negative feedback configurations Mathematical operations application circuits Non-linear
applications Comparator Window comparator Regenerative comparator Relaxation oscillator Log and Antilog
amplifiers Multiplier, square and square-root circuits > NE555, principle of operation and applications>
Introduction to Digital logic gates Combinational circuits Reduction using Karnaugh map Implementation
using universal gates Arithmetic circuits Look-ahead carry implementation Binary BCD addition > Decoders
and encoders > Multiplexers and demultiplexers their applications > Flip-flops, types and implementation
Conversions, triggering, master/slave implementation > Registers Binary up down counters Synchronous
counters Ring and Johnson counters > Random sequence generators 7-segment display devices> A to D
and D to A converters > Applications of digital circuits Digital clock, stop- watch, frequency and period
counter, digital voltmeter etc. > Introduction to microprocessors Brief outline of 8085 processor Instruction
set Simple programming examples Pick the largest number Delay Arithmetic operation with single and
multiyear Block move with overlapping memory address Ascending and descending ordering

Text Books:
Electronic Principles – 5th Edition, Albert Paul MalvinoTana Mc-Graw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New
Delhi, 1993Digital Principles and Applications – 5th EditionAlbert Paul Malvino Donald P.LcachTana Mc-
Graw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 1994 Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and its
Applications with the 8-85/8080A latest edition, 5th edition Ramesh S.Gaonkar Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi,
Bangalore, Madras. , 2002 Digital Fundamentals – 9th edition,Thomas L.Floyd,Prentice Hall, July 13, 2005
Digital Design – 3rd edition,M.Morris ManoPrentice Hall, 2001 Digital Design – 4th edition,M.Morris
ManoPrentice Hall, 2006.

PH5050 Mathematical Physics II

Description:To introduce to students some advanced methods of mathematical physics to pose and solve
physical problems.

Course Content: Complex Variables: Analytic functions of a complex variable. Cauchy-Riemann conditions.
Power series. Cauchyâ€TMs integral theorem. Conformal mapping. Singularities: poles, essential
singularities. Residue theorem. Contour integration and examples. Analytic continuation. Multiple-valued
functions, branch points and branch cut integration. Partial Differential Equations: Partial differential
equations in Physics: Laplace, Poisson and Helmholtz equations; diffusion and wave equations. Applications.
Integral transforms: Laplace transforms and Fourier transforms. Parsevalâ€TMs theorem. Convolution
theorem. Applications. Calculus of Variations: Functionals. Natural boundary conditions. Lagrange
multipliers. Rayleigh-Ritz method. Group theory: Elements of group theory. Discrete groups with examples.
Continuous groups (Lie groups) [rotation group in 2 and 3 dimensions, U(1) and SU(2)]. Generators.
Representations, Character tables for some point groups and the orthogonality theorem.

Text Books:
1. V. Balakrishnan, Mathematical Physics with Applications, Problems and Solutions, Anne Books Pvt Ltd
(2018).
2. P Dennerey and A Kryzwicki, Mathematics for Physicists, Dover (Indian Edition), (2005).
3. G Arfken and H J Weber, mathematical Methods for Physicists, Academic Press, 7th Edition, Indian
Edition, (2008).
4. K F Riley, M P Hobson and S J Bence, Mathematical Methods for Physicists and Engineering, Cambridge
University press (Cambridge Low-priced Edition).

Reference Books:
1. Schaumâ€TMs outline series, McGraw Hill (1964): (i) Complex Variables, (ii) Laplace Transforms, (iii)
Group Theory.
2. M. Boas,Mathematical Methods in Physical Sciences, 2nd Edition, Wiley International Edition, (1983).
3.E. Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Wiley Eastern, 5th Edition, (1991).
4. L.A. Pipes and L.R. Harwell, Applied Mathematics for Engineers and Physicists, McGraw-Hill, (1995).
5. M. Artin, Algebra, Prentice-Hall India, (2002).
6. I. N. Sneddon, The Use of Integral Transforms, Tata McGraw Hill, (1985).
7. D. H. Sattinger and O.L. Weaver, Lie
Groups and Algebras with Applications to Physics, Geometry and Mechanics, Springer, (1986).
8. M. Tinkham, Group Theory and Quantum Mechanics,
Dover (2003).

PH5060 Physics Lab – I (PG) ( Attosecond Photonics)

Description: This course will impart theoretical knowledge and hands-on numerical simulations
in attosecond photonics with a focus on current trends and state of the art in this area.

Course Content: The following topics will be covered in this course -

1) Basics of linear and nonlinear interaction between light and matter
2) Nonlinear propagation of pulses
3) Nonlinear conversion / parametric amplification
4) High-harmonic and attosecond pulse generation
5) Characterization of ultrashort laser pulses
6) Free electron lasers
7) Attosecond quantum dynamics in atomic and condense matter systems
8) Laser plasmas and relativistic photonics
9) Special topics and current trends

Text Books:
1) Fundamentals of Attosecond Optics, Author: Zenghu Chang, ISBN 9781420089370
2) Attosecond and Strong-Field Physics, C. D. Lin, Anh-Thu Le, Cheng Jin, Hui Wei, , Publisher:
Cambridge University Press, Edition: May 2018, ISBN: 9781108181839,

Reference books:
1) Attosecond Physics: Attosecond Measurements and Control of Physical Systems, Authors: Luis
Plaja, Ricardo Torres, Amelle Zaà ̄r, Publisher: Springer, ISBN: 978-3-642-37623-8
2) Principles of Free Electron Lasers, Authors: Freund, H. P., Antonsen, Jr., T. M.,
ISBN 978-3-319-75106-1, Publisher: Springer

Semester 6

PH5020 Electromagnetic Theory

Description:A systematic exposition to classical electromagnetic theory.

Course Content: Electrostatics: Laplace and Poisson equations. Boundary value problems.
Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. Method of images. Concept of the Green function
and its use in boundary value problems. Magnetostatics: Ampere's law and Biot-Savart's law.
Concept of a vector otential. Maxwell equations and electromagnetic waves. Maxwell equations
(both differential and integral formulations). Boundary conditions on field vectors D, E, B and H.
Vector and scalar potentials. Gauge transformations: Lorentz and Coulomb gauges. Green
function for the wave equation. Poynting's theorem. Conservation laws for macroscopic media.
Propagation of plane waves and spherical waves in free space, dielectrics and conducting media.
Reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves. Superposition of waves. Radiation from an
oscillating dipole and radiation from an accelerating charge. Electromagnetic stress tensor.
Wave Guides: Modes in rectangular and cylindrical wave guides (conducting and dielectric).
Resonant cavities. Evanescent waves. Energy dissipation. Q of a cavity.

Text Books:
1. J.D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, Wiley Eastern, 2nd Edition (1975).
2. David J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, Prentice Hall of India, 2nd Edition,
(1989).

Reference Books:
1. J.R. Reitz., F.J. Milford and R. W. Christy, Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory, 3rd Edition,
Narosa Pub. House (1979).
2. P. Lorrain and D. Corson, Electromagnetic Fields and Waves. CBS Publishers and
Distributors (1986).
3. B.H. Chirgwin, C. Plumpton and C. W. Kilmister, Elementary Electromagnetic Theory, Vols.1,
2 and 3" Pergamon Press (1972).

PH5080 Statistical Physics

Description: An introduction to the physics of macroscopic systems, emphasizing the

probabilistic nature of statistical mechanics and its relation to thermodynamics

Course Content: Systems with a very large number of degrees of freedom: the need for
statistical mechanics. Macrostates, microstates and accessible microstates. Fundamental
postulate of equilibrium statistical mechanics. Probability distributions. Microcanonical
ensemble, Boltzmann's formula for entropy. Canonical ensemble, partition function, free energy.
calculation of thermodynamic quantities. Classical ideal gas. Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution,
equipartition theorem. Paramagnetism, Langevin and Brillouin functions, Curie's law. Quantum
statistics: systems of identical, indistinguishable particles, spin, symmetry of wavefunctions,
bosons, Pauli's exclusion principle, fermions. Grand canonical ensemble. Bose-Einstein and
Fermi-Dirac distributions. Degeneracy. Free electron gas, Pauli paramagnetism. Blackbody
radiation. Bose-Einstein condensation. Einstein model of lattice vibrations. phonons, Debye's
theory of the specific heat of crystals. Phase diagrams, phase equilibria and phase transitions.
Mean-fjeld theory of liquid-gas transition (Van der Waals model) and ferromagnet-paramagnet
transition (Weiss' molecular field theory). Heisenberg exchange interaction and the origin of
ferromagnetism. Elementary ideas on Ising and Heisenberg models of ferromagnetism.

Text Books:
1. D. Chandler, Introduction to Modern Statistical Mechanics, Oxford University press (1987).
2.F. Reif, Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics, International Student Edition,
McGraw-Hill (1988).
3. K. Huang, Statistical Mechanics, IJ\Iiley Eastern (1988).
4. L.D.. Landau and E.M. Lifshitz, Statistical Physics (Par1I), 3rd Edition, Pergamon Press
(1989).
5. F. Reif, Statistical Physics (Berkeley Physics Course, Vol.5), McGraw Hill (1967).
6. F. Mandl, Statistical Physics, 2nd edition, ELBS & Wiley (1988)

Reference Books:
1. C.J. Thompson, Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics, Clarendon Press (1988).
2. E.S.R. Gopal, Statistical Mechanics and Properties of Matter MacMillan India (1988).
3. R. Kubo. Statistical Physics -Problems and Solutions, North Holland (1965).
4. Y.K. Lim, Problems and Solutions in Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics, World
Scientific (1990).
5. M. Kardar, Statistical Physics of particles, Cambridge University Press (2007).

PH5160 Condensed Matter Physics I

Description:
To introduce the students to basic concepts in condensed matter physics.

Course Content: Classification of condensed matter: crystalline, noncrystalline, nanophase

solids, liquids. Crystalline solids: Bravais lattices, crystal planes, crystal directions, and Miller
indices, point groups, space groups and typical structures. Crystal symmetry and macroscopic
physical properties: tensors of various ranks: Propagation of elastic waves in crystals and
measurement of elastic constants. Diffraction of waves by crystals: X-rays, neutrons, electrons.
Bragg's law in direct and reciprocal lattice. Structure factor. Principles of diffraction techniques.
Classification of solids. Types of binding. Cohesive energy Ionic crystals: Born Mayer potential.
Thermochemical Bom-Haber cycle. Van der Waals binding: rare gas crystals and binding
energies. Covalent and metallic binding: characteristic features and examples. Extended defects:
dislocations, models of screw and edge dislocations. Burgers vector. Stress field around
dislocation interaction between dislocations with point defects. Working hardening. Lattice
dynamics: monoatomic and diatomic lattices. Born-von Karman method. Phonon frequencies
and density of states. Dispersion curves, neutron scattering. The Drude and Sommerfeld theory
of metals, Nearly free electron approximation, Electrical resistivity, Models of Einstein and
Debye, heat capacity of conduction electrons, the Fermi surface, thermal conductivity, Thermal
properties, Thermal expansion. Thermal conductivity. Normal and umklapp processes. Motion
in a magnetic field: Cyclotron resonance and hall effect, AC conductivity and optical properties.
Failure of free electron model, Energy bands in solids, bloch theorem, Band symmetry in k-
space, Brillouin zones, The tight binding model, Metals, semiconductors and insulators, velocity
of the Bloch electrons, Models for calculating band structures, Density of states, Effective mass,
concept of hold, carrier concentration, intrinsic semiconductor, impurity states, semiconductor
statistics. Liquid crystal: thermotropic and lyotropic. Nematics and sematics: applications.
Amorphous/glassy states.

Reference Books:
1. Charles Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, Wiley, 5th Edition (1976).
2. A.J. Dekker, Solid State Physics, Prentice Hall, (1957)
3. N.W. Ashcroft and N.D. Mermin, Solid State Physics, Saunders College Publishing (1976).
4. J.S. Blakemore, Solid State Physics, 2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press. (1974).
5. Mendel Sachs, Solid State Theory, McGraw-Hill (1963)
6. Harald bach and Hans Luth, Solid-State Physics, Springer International Student Edition,
Narosa Pub. House, (1991).
6. Introduction to Solid State Physics, A. Omar

PH5170 Quantum Mechanics II

Description: The course provides an introduction to advanced topics in quantum mechanics,

including the Dirac equation.

Course Content: Orbital and spin angular momentum. Angular momentum algebra. Eigenstates
and eigenvalues of angular momentum. Addition of angular momenta, Clebsch-Gordon
coefficients. Irreducible tensor operators and the Wigner-Eckart theorem. Systems of identical
particles. Symmetric and antisymmetric wavefunctions. Bosons and Fermions. Pauli's exclusion
principle. Second quantization, occupation number representation. Non-relativistic scattering
theory. Scattering amplitude and cross- section. The integral equation for scattering. Born
approximation. Partial wave analysis. The optical theorem. Elements of relativistic quantum
mechanics. The Klein-Gordon equation. The Dirac equation. Dirac matrices, spinors. Positive and
negative energy solutions, physical interpretation. Nonrelativistic limit of the Dirac equation.

Text Books:
1. J. Bjorken and S. Drell, Relativistic Quantum Mechanics (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1965).
2. L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Quantum Mechanics (Course of Theoretical Physics, Volume
3), Third Edition (Pergamon Press, New York, 1977).
3. P. M. Mathews and K. Venkatesan, A Textbook of Quantum Mechanics (Tata McGraw-Hill,
1977).
4. D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Elementary Particles (John Wiley, New York, 1987).
5. J. J. Sakurai, Modern Quantum Mechanics (Addison-Wesley, Singapore, 1994).
6. D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Second Edition (Pearson Education,
Delhi, 2005).

Reference Books:
1. P. A. M. Dirac, The Principles of Quantum Mechanics, Fourth Edition (Oxford University
Press, Oxford, 1958).
2. A. Messiah, Quantum Mechanics, Volumes 1 and 2 (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1961).
3. J. J. Sakurai, Advanced Quantum Mechanics (Addison-Wesley, Singapore, 1967).
4. F. Halzen and A. D. Martin, Quarks and Leptons: An Introductory Course in Modern Particle
Physics (John Wiley, New York, 1984).
5. R. W. Robinett, Quantum Mechanics, Second Edition (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006).
6. F. Dyson, Advanced Quantum Mechanics (World Scientific, Singapore, 2007).
7. R. Shankar, Principles of Quantum Mechanics, Second Edition (Springer, Delhi, 2008).

PH5120 Physics Lab II (PG)

Description:
Arc spectra: analysis of line and band spectraG.M. counterCurie temperatureMillikan's oil drop
method: electron chargeVelocity of ultrasonic waves in liquids (a) by diffraction(b) by
inteferometer.Twyman-Green interferometer.Fourier transform processor.Hall effect.
Scintillation counter.X-ray powder photographMagnetostriction Thermal expansion: Fizeau's
methodLatent heat of liquid nitrogen. Absorption spectrum of colour
centersspectrophotomerter.

Reference Books:
1. Worsnop and Flint, Advanced Practical Physics for StudentsMethusen & Go. (1950).
2. E.V. Smith, Manual for Experiments in Applied Physics. Butterworths(1970).
3. R.A. Dunlap, Experimental Physics: Modern Methods, OxfordUniversity Press (1988).
4. D. Malacara (ed), Methods of Experimental Physics, Series ofVolumes, Academic Press Inc.
(1988).

Summer

PH4500 Industrial Training

 Semester 7

PH5410 Atomic and Molecular Physics

Description:
To provide the students an introduction to Physics at various energies, ranging from atomic to
the lower limit of high energy physics.

Course Content:
NUCLEAR PHYSICS:Basic facts about nuclei: size, shape, binding energy, electric and magenetic
moments; Nuclear forces: charge independence, isospin symmetry, NN, pi-pi scattering, relations
between scattering cross sections; The deuteron: models of n-p potentials; nuclear models: liquid
drop and shell models; elementary ideas on radioactivity; nuclear fission and fusion; elementary
ideas about nuclear reactorsClassification of fundamental forces, elementary particles. Particle
accelerators and detectors; Gell-Mann-Nishijima formula, quark model for mesons and baryons

ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS: Hydrogen atom, hydrogen-like spectra, many electron
systems; Electron configurations and spectroscopic notation, equivalent and nonequivalent
electrons, Hundâ€TMs rules, spin orbit coupling and lultiplet structure; Atoms in electric and
magnetic fields, Zeeman effect, Stark effect; hyperfine interactions; Selection rules, transition
probabilities, intensity of spectral lines, Spontaneous and stimulated emissions, Einstein
coefficients, masers and lasers.Synchrotron radiation spectroscopy; Rotational and Vibrational
Spectra of molecules; Anharmonicity, Bonn Oppenheimer Approximation; Franck-Condon
Principle, Electronic, Infrared and Raman Spectra.

Text Books:
NUCLEAR PHYSICS: 1. K S Krane, Introductory Nuclear Physics, John Wiley (1988)
2. ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS: 1. B H Bransden and C J Joachain, Physics of Atoms and
Molecules, Longman Inc. New York (1983)

Reference Books:
1. W S C Williams, Nuclear and Particle Physics, Clarendon Press (1991)
2. Emilio Segre, Nuclei and Particles, Benjamin Cummings Pub. (1980)
3. H A Enge, Introduction to Nuclear Physics, Addison Wesley (1979)
4. J M Blatt and V F Weisskopf, Theoretical Nuclear Physics, John Wiley (1952)
PH5270 Physics Lab – III (PG)

Description:
To familiarize the students with devices and circuit principles with special focus on applications
related to instrumentations and measurements. Course contents: Phase-lock loop and its
applications - Frequency multiplicationAnalog multiplier and its applications - Log and Antilog
amplifiers - Instrumentation amplifiers - Sensors and transducers-temperature, magnetic field,
displacement, light intensity, force, etc. Microcontroller - 8051 family - programming and
Interfacing.

Text Books:
1. Linear Integrated Circuits, D.Roy Choudhury, Shail B.Jain, Revised Second Edn., New Age
International pvt. Ltd., 2003
2. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, R.L.Boylestad and L.Nashelsky, Eighth Edn. Printice
Hall, India, 2002.
3. Op.Amps and Linear Integrated Circuits, Ramakant Gaikwad, Fourth Edn. Printice Hall India,
New Delhi, 2002.
4. The 8051 Microcontroller, Architecture Programming & Applications, Kenneth J.Ayala,
Second Edn.
5. Microcontrollers: Theory and Applications, Ajay Deshmukh.

Reference Books:
1. Design with Micro Controller, J.B.Peatman.
2. Programming and Customizing the 8051 Microcontroller, Myke Predko.

Semester 8

Summer Project