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Assignment 7

1. This document contains 11 problems related to solving first order differential equations. The problems cover topics like finding governing ODEs, using appropriate substitutions to solve equations, finding integrating factors, and applying Picard's method of approximation. 2. Problem 1 asks students to find governing ODEs for families of curves. Problem 2 involves using substitutions to solve differential equations. Problem 3 asks students to directly solve differential equations. 3. Later problems involve determining constants to make equations exact, finding integrating factors, solving an equation modeling circuit current, and analyzing uniqueness and existence of solutions. The final problems apply Picard's method of approximation to initial value problems.

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65 views

Assignment 7

1. This document contains 11 problems related to solving first order differential equations. The problems cover topics like finding governing ODEs, using appropriate substitutions to solve equations, finding integrating factors, and applying Picard's method of approximation. 2. Problem 1 asks students to find governing ODEs for families of curves. Problem 2 involves using substitutions to solve differential equations. Problem 3 asks students to directly solve differential equations. 3. Later problems involve determining constants to make equations exact, finding integrating factors, solving an equation modeling circuit current, and analyzing uniqueness and existence of solutions. The final problems apply Picard's method of approximation to initial value problems.

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vpn user
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur

Department of Mathematics
Mathematics-II (MAL-102)
Assignment 7 on Differential Equation (First Order)

1. Find the governing ODE for the following family of curves:


(i) y = ex (A cos x + B sin x), (ii) xy = aex + be−x + x2 , (iii) all circles which pass through
the origin and whose centers are on the x-axis.

2. Use appropriate substitution to solve the following ODE:


dy
(i) x cos(y/x)(ydx + xdy) = y sin(y/x)(xdy − ydx), (ii) x = y {log y − log x + 1}.
dx
3. Solve the following differential equations:
dy x+y+4 dy x+y−2
(i) = (ii) = .
dx x−y−6 dx y−x−4
4. In each of the following determine the unknown constant A, such that the equation is exact and
solve the resulting
x
equation:
x
dy
(i) A(1 + e )dx + e y (1 − xy )dy = 0 (ii) (2xey + 3y 2 ) dx
y + (3x2 + λey ) = 0.

5. Find an integrating factor of the following differential equations and solve them.
3 2
(i) (xy sin xy+cos xy)ydx+(xy sin xy−cos xy)xdy = 0 (ii) (y+ y3 + x2 )dx+ 14 (x+xy 2 )dy = 0
(iii) (2xy 4 ey +2xy 3 +y)dx+(x2 y 4 ey −x2 y 2 −3x)dy = 0 (iv) (2x2 y 2 +y)dx−(x3 y−3x)dy = 0
2 )1/2
dy
(v) (1 + y 2 )dx = (tan−1 y − x)dy, (vi) dx + (1−xy2 )3/2 = x+(1−x
(1−x2 )2
.

6. A constant electromotive force E volts is applied to a circuit containing a constant resistance


R ohms in series and a constant inductance L henries. The current flow i(t) is governed by the
di
differential equation Ri + L dt = E. If the initial current is zero, find the current i(t) in the
circuit at any time t.

7. A moving body is opposed by a force per unit mass of value cx and resistance per unit mass of
value bv 2 , where x and v are the displacement and velocity of the particle at that instant. The
dv
equation of motion of the body is v dx = −cx − bv 2 . Show that the velocity of the particle, if
it starts from rest, is given by: v 2 = 2b2 (1 − e−2bx − cx
c
b
).

8. Use appropriate substitution to convert the following ODE to linear ODE of first order and
hence solve them:
dy dy 2 2 +1
(i) dx dz
+ x sin 2y = x3 cos2 y, (ii) dx + xz log z = xz2 (log z)2 , (iii) dx = x +y
2xy
.

9. Find the orthogonal trajectories of the family of curves:


(i) x2 + y 2 = 2ax, a being the parameter,
2 2
(ii) a2x+λ + b2y+λ = 1, where λ is a parameter,
(iii) r = a(1 − cos θ), a being parameter, (iv) rn cos nθ = an , a being parameter.

10. (i) Prove that the continuity of f (x, y) is not enough to guarantee the uniqueness of the solution
dy
p
of the initial value problem: dx = f (x, y) = |y|, y(0) = 0.
(ii) Give an example to show that the existence of partial derivatives of f (x, y) is not necessary
for f (x, y) to be a Lipschitz function.
(iii) If S is defined by the rectangle |x| ≤ a, |y| ≤ b, show that the function f (x, y) =
x sin y + y cos x satisfy the Lipschitz condition. Find the Lipschitz constant.
dy
(iv) For the initial value problem dx = y 2 + cos2 x, y(0) = 0, determine the interval of
existence of its solution given that R is the rectangle containing origin R = {(x, y) : 0 ≤ x ≤
a, |y| ≤ b, a > 21 , b > 0}.
(v) Test the uniqueness of the solution of the initial value problem:
(x − 2y + 1)dy − (3x − 6y + 2)dx = 0, y(0) = 0 over the rectangle R : |x| ≤ 14 , |y| ≤ 14 .
Also determine the interval for x over which the solution is guaranteed.

11. (i) Using Picard’s approximation method find two iterates of the initial value problem:
dy
dx
= y + y 2 , y(0) = 1. Compare this result with exact solution.
(ii) Find the third approximation of the solution of the initial value problem:
dy
dx
= 2 − xy , y(1) = 2 by Picard’s method.

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