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ELP101

This document summarizes an experiment to determine the equivalent circuit parameters of a transformer using open circuit, short circuit, and resistance tests. The open circuit test was used to determine the parameters R0 and X0, while the short circuit test determined R1 and X1. Measurements of voltage, current, power, and calculations were shown. The parameters were calculated as R0=796.9 Ω, X0=1189.5 Ω, R1=2.025 Ω, and X1=1.644 Ω. Potential sources of error and precautions were also noted.

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69 views10 pages

ELP101

This document summarizes an experiment to determine the equivalent circuit parameters of a transformer using open circuit, short circuit, and resistance tests. The open circuit test was used to determine the parameters R0 and X0, while the short circuit test determined R1 and X1. Measurements of voltage, current, power, and calculations were shown. The parameters were calculated as R0=796.9 Ω, X0=1189.5 Ω, R1=2.025 Ω, and X1=1.644 Ω. Potential sources of error and precautions were also noted.

Uploaded by

Jalagam
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ELP101

EXPERIMENT 7
J TAPATYESH PANCHAJANYA
2022CS51147
GROUP-7

Aim:
Obtain equivalent circuit parameters of transformer by:
1. Open Circuit test
2. Short Circuit test
3. Resistance Measurement test
Apparatus:
1. 1- Phase transformer of identical ratings
2. 1- Phase Auto Transformer
3. Low Power Factor Wattmeter
4. AC Ammeter
5. AC Voltmeter

General Theory:
A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between
two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. A varying current in
one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic field, which in turn
induces a voltage in a second coil. The equivalent circuit of a single phase
transformer can be approximately represented as shown below:
The parameters R0 and X0 are determined by conducting the Open Circuit (O.C.)
Test
The parameters R1 and X1 are determined by conducting the Short Circuit (S.C.)
Test.

Equivalent Circuit Parameters:


The four parameters of the equivalent circuit are R0, X0, R1 and X1
R0 and X0 are obtained from O.C. test and R1 and X1 are obtained from the
S.C. test as follows:
From OC test:
No load PF (cosΦ0) = W0/V0I0
IW = I0 cosΦ0
Iµ = I0 sinΦ0
R0 =V0/IW
X0 = V0/Iµ
From SC test:
Total impedance referred to secondary side Z2 = VSC / ISC
R2 =WSC/ISC2^2
X2^2 = Z2^2 – R2^2

Setup:
Open Circuit Test:

Short Circuit Test:

Observations:
OPEN CIRCUIT TEST
Wattmeter at 150V, Multiplying Factor = 1
Connection B1 – B2
S no Voltage Applied Voc Current Drawn Power Input Woc
Ioc
1 60.42V 0.17A 12W
2 240V 0.20A 39.2W

Readings for the first case (60.42V)

POWER INPUT:

CURRENT READING:
Readings for the second case (240V)

POWER INPUT:
SHORT CIRCUIT TEST
Wattmeter at 300V, Multiplying Factor = 1
Connection B1 – B2
S NO VOLTAGE APPLIED Vsc CURRENT POWER INPUT
DRAWN Isc Wsc
1 13.6V 5.12A 60W
2 8.86V 3.37A 20W

Readings for the first case (11.77V)


Calculations:
FOR OPEN CIRCUIT TEST
S NO APPLIED CURRENT(A) POWER cosΦo sinΦo IW(A) Iµ(A) RO(Ω) XO(Ω)
VOLTAGE(V) INPUT(W)

1 60.42V 0.17A 12W 1.046 0.707 0.199 0.12 303.6 503.5


2 240V 0.20A 39.2W 0.932 0.637 0.186 0.128 1290.3 1875
AVG 0.989 1.344 0.192 0.124 796.9 1189.5

cosΦo = 0.989
sinΦo = 1.344
IW = 0.192
Iµ =0.124
RO =796.9
XO = 1189.5
FOR SHORT CIRCUIT TEST
S NO APPLIED CURRENT POWER Z2 (Ω) R2 (Ω) X2 (Ω)
VOLTAGE(V) INPUT(W)

1 13.6 5.12 60 2.65 2.29 1.348


2 8.86 3.37 20 2.62 1.76 1.940
AVG 2.635 2.025 1.644
R1 = R2(n1/n2)2 =2.025
Similarly, X1 = X2(n1/n2)2 =1.644
Conclusion:
From the above experiment, we have been able to calculate the various
circuit parameters of a real transformer using the open circuit and the short
circuit tests.

For the given transformer, we calculated the absolute parameters as follows


R0=796.9 Ω
X0 = 1189.5 Ω
R1 = 2.025 Ω
R2 = 2.025 Ω,
X1 =1.644Ω
X2= 1.644Ω

Sources of Error:

1. Scale of multimeter/DSO not appropriate for measurements


2. Loose Connections
3. Resistance of wires not considered and giving rise to inconsistency
due to increase in resistance due to heating.
4. Change in the connections while circuit is closed.

Precautions:
1. Make the connections neat and tight
2. Dont leave the switch on for long continuous periods of time
3. Wear proper shoes and use insulated tools

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