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254 views159 pagesMaths Bonus Material
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Available Formats
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/ 159
ALGEBRA
Solve the following equations
1. p?=27
2. 8X+9=65
a) (p + 4)(p +4) = 25
b) y2+12 =28
4. 4z+7=32-z
5. d-5>-8
6. 2x-(3y-z) whenx=10, y=8,z=7
7. [(a-b) + +6 when a= 20,b=8,c=6
8. (3x +y) + (52-7) when x = 10, y=6, z=2
9. The sum of 17 and a certain number is 31
10. The sum of three times a certain number and 2 is 14 11. Five times a certain number exceeds 19 by 6
Simplify the following expressions
12. x+y +4x 45x
13. 8y+7+1413y
14. (3x +8y}-(x-2y)
15, 6xy +3 + yKx+7
16. 3abe + Sbea + 7cab
17. The length of a rectangle is (z + 2) metres and its breadth is z metres.
Write an expression for its perimeter
18. What is the difference between 8m + 7n and 3m + 2n
19. From Sp + 6q + v subtract 2p + 3q+v
20. From 3ab + Sbe subtract 2ab + 3bc
Expand and simplify, or just simplify
21, 3(2a+b)+5(a+3b)
22. 15ab? + 3ab
23. 3a x 2b
24, A car travels d km int hours. If V km per hour is its average speed,
write a formula giving V in terms of d andt
25. When new, a factory cost $c, but it loses value at the rate of $p a year.
Find its value, $V, after n years. 26. A rod, of initial length lcm, shortens a distance of s cm when its
temperature falls 1°. What is its length, d cm, when it cools t°?
Factorise
27. 3ax+3ay=
28. 20x? + 20xy =
29. 8xy+12xz=
30. 8 +8k=
31, 10b-2=
32. 4a+24=
33. x? 42x =
34. 9ab + 20ab* =
35. -5g-25l=
Simplify then factorise
36.
37.
9m* +8m* +5m* +m*
3pqr + 9pq + 4pqr
Expanding two brackets
38.
39,
40.
41.
Factorise:
42.
43
44.
(xc+2)(x+9)
(xx+3)(x-5)
(p-5)(p+11)
(t-8)(t-4)
n?+11n+30=
?-8t48
g? +9g-10= 45.
n?-8n+7=
Take out the common factor, then factorise:
46. 3x? +12x-1
47. 2a? -6a-5
48. St? -15t-20=
49. 3b? +3b-90=
Harder factorisation:
50. 2x247x43,
Sf. 3m?-11m + 10
52. 2n?—41n-21
53. 3p?-13p+14
54. 4b? + 12b -27
Difference of Two Squares (DOTS)
Use the identity formula A? - B? = (A B)(A +B)
55.
56.
57.
58.
BS.
60.
61.
62.
(x-7)(x+7)=
(8-m) (8+m
(4p + 1)(4p —
(Sd + 3)(5d -3)=
a?-81=
4b?— 25=
16c? — 49d? =
2-75 Squared binomials
Use the identity formulas:
(A+B)?=A? +2AB +B? (A-B)?= A? - 2AB +B?
63. (x+10)?=
64. (3w+2)?=
65. (5z-2)7=
66. t?+8t+16=
67. m? — 12m + 36=
68. n?+22n+121=
69. S4ax-1=9.4
70. *+3(3x+5)=24
71. A certain number is added to both the numerator and the
denominator of the fraction 2 to form a new fraction 4 What number
is added to each?
72. To change Centigrade temperature to Fahrenheit temperatures
the formula F = = +32 is used. What is the temperature which has the
same number of degrees on both scales?
73. Amancycles 6km at a certain speed, then motors 30km at three
times that speed. Altogether he is travelling 1 hour 20minutes. Find his
cycling speed
74. The angles of an isosceles triangle are 5x +7, 4x + 21, 2x-2
degrees. What are the sizes of the angles of the triangle? Null Factor Law
If the product of two numbers is zero, then one or both of the numbers is
zero.
75. Solve for x
a, 2x(x-5)=0
b, (5x -1) (3x +1)=0
c. (3x +2) (7x-1)=0
d. 4x(x—5) =0
e. (x +2) (x-15)=0
f. (x+8)=0
Sum and Difference of Cubes
Use the identity formulas
A’ +B? = (A+B) (A? - AB +B’) A3-B = (A-B) (A? +AB +B?)
76. x34+8
77. 8x? -64
78. 8x3-27y9
79. 27-+y-3)8 FRACTIONS
1. For each of the questions below choose the fraction which is equivalent
to the fraction shown.
a |o]is}e }2
4 10 | 20] 9 29
Type equation here.
4 |ele |.) 4
L 15] 9 | 44] 5
3
3
2. Reduce these fractions to their simplest forms
6
* Ta 18
45
5 £2:
"24
5
e2
10 8
“45
3. Compare the following fractions, using <, > or =
47 »4mt oft a
a) 12 4 ) 10 a o Ss 15 ) 4. Find the value of x: givenO if = c. What is the quotient of a and b if
ais? and bis
4 4 we
H
13. Find the reciprocal of: we
H
414.
a, fag
5
b. 10+—
f 5 ‘
8 73452
15. Jill was serving up a pie. She cut the pie into five equal pieces, and gave one
piece each to her mother, her father and herself. She cut one piece in half for
her younger brother. What fraction of the pie was left?
16. A boy was using a box of screws. He used of the box before he spilt some of
the screws. If only + of the screws was left in the box, what portion of the box
was spilt?
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS a
H
47. When a woman died : of her money was left to her husband, + of her
money was paid in tax, and the remainder went to her children.
a. What fraction did her children receive?
b. If she had 5 children, what fraction of the money went to each
child
18. Mrs, Anderson wants to use 12 jars of tomatoes in a casserole, She
1
also wants to use 1- jars of tomatoes of macaroni and cheese.
a. How many jars of tomatoes does she want to use for these two
meals?
b. She doesn’t have any tomatoes now. How many jars of them
should she buy in order for her to have enough for these two food
dishes?
19. A recipe called for 15cups of rice. James misread the amount and
poured in Bu cups of rice.
To correct his mistake, how much rice should be added or taken out?
20. A pipe has an inside diameter of 25 centimetres. The wall of the pipe is
a }eentimeter thick. What is the outside diameter of the pie?
21. A builder was charged for 5; kilograms of nails. He weighed them at
home and found that he was sold only 4 2 kilos of nails. For how many
kilos was he overcharged? 22.
23.
24,
25.
26.
A photographer is hired for a 21st birthday party. She takes 240
photographs in the three hours she works
a. Ofallthe photographs = include the birthday boy. How many
photographs are there that include the birthday boy?
b. If the speeches and present-opening take up = of the
photographer's time how much of her times does this part of party
take? (Give your answer in minutes)
Beyoncé, Michelle and Kelly share a carton of soft drink containing 2
dozen cans, Beyoncé takes 2 Michelle takes <= and Kelly takes =. How
many cans does each person receive?
Answer:
Beyoncé Michelle Kelly
Norbert’s Age
Norbert’s age is one third of Sharon’s age. Sharon’s age is three
quarters of Tyler's age. What fraction of Tyler's age is Norbert?
Tap Washers
The outside diameter of a washer is 1 5 cms. The inside diameter is
ths of a centimeter. What is the width between the inside part of a
washer and the-outside?
Candle Clocks
It takes 1 hour 20 minutes for a candle to burn down completely. If it
is lit at 9.30 A.M. what will be the time when the candle is three
quarters burnt? 27. Hose Pipe
The outside diameter of a pipe is 1= centimetres, the walls of the pipe
are? ths of a centimeter thick. What is the inside diameter of the pipe?
(Do a drawing)
28. Strong Coffee
(Using fractions is much faster and easier than converting to decimals
using grams.)
The canteen assistant used + a kilo of instant coffee in the urn. The
customers complained it was far too strong. Next day she used 3 of this
amount, and they still complained so on the third day she used = ths of
what she had used on day 2.
What fraction of a kilo of coffee did she use on day 3?
29. Coffee Jar
The full jar of coffee weighed 638 grams. When one quarter of the
coffee had been used, the jar and the remaining coffee weighed 573
grams. How much will the empty jar weigh?
30. Paint Tin
The full tin of paint weighed 1 kilogram. When three quarters had been
used the remaining paint and tin weighed 400 grams. What was the
weight of the tin?
31. Tennis Balls for the Reject Shop
At the factory, tennis balls are inspected twice, once for bounce and
then for cover. One twelfth were rejected on the first inspection. Nine
tenths of the remainder were passed at the second inspection. Those
rejected were sent to the Reject Shop to be sold. What fraction of the
original product was sent to the Reject Shop? va
H
32. Use a (number) line
On a map, the towns of Westhampton, Southampton, Bridgehampton and
Easthampton are located in this order, along a line that is 75 kilometres long.
The distance from Westhampton to Southampton is the same as that from
Bridgehampton to Easthampton, and Sof that from Southampton to
Bridgehampton. How far is it from Westhampton to Southampton?
33. Howard and Donna own a computer shop in the main street. On their
opening day, they noticed that one out of every 20 people walking in
the main street came in to look at the software. Of the people who
came into the shop, one out of every 15 people bought a software
package. Howard and Donna sold 22 software packages on the day the
shop opened, How many people were walking in the main street on
that day? ae
H
34. The speed at which a beetle clicks its wings is related to the
‘temperature. A researcher worked out that the number of clicks per
second can be determined by the formula:
C= 5.1T+83
Where
C=no of clicks per second
T=temp in °C
At what temperature will the number of clicks be approximately ten
per second?
A. 5.1°
B. 8.3"
ii, How many clicks per second will the beetle make if the temperature
is 20°C?
ASL
B. 83
c. 110
D. 134
iii, | Based on this formula, as the temperature rises by 2° C intervals, the
number of clicks per second will
A. increase by about 10
B. increase by about 20
C. double each time
D. increase, but by a larger amount each time ae
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RATIO
1, Express the following ratios in their simplest forms:
a) 20:8 b) 5:22
2
Q 42:12 e a2
ta B13
Cea
fits time sleeping, < of its time playing and + of its
2. Ina full day. Princess the dog spends ~~
time eating.
a) How much time did she spend on each activity?
Sleeping Playing Eating.
b) Find the ratio of:
i. Hours spent sleeping to hours spent eating
ii, Time spent playing to time spent sleeping
ili, Time spent eating to time spent playing
3. A peach tree and a nectarine tree together grew 184 pieces of fruit. The ratio of peaches to
nectarines is 3 : 5. Find the number of each fruit
HENDERS
ees
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS va
4, Both Lucy and Maria have their favourite proportions for making salad dressing, The pictures
below show the proportions each person uses of olive oil and vineger.
LUCY’s Mix MARIA'S MIX
Oil Vinegar oil Vinegar
Which of the following statement is true?
Lucy's salad dressing has a larger proportion of oil
‘We cannot tell which has the larger proportion of oil
They both have the same proportion of oil
D. Maria's salad dressing has a larger proportion of ail
5. The diameter of a wheel on a model car is 3cm. What is the diameter of the wheel on the
actual car ( scale 1: 34)?
o> ae
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6. Recipes show the correct quantities needed to make certain foods. If more food is required
the ingredients are increased in the same proportions.
Here is a recipe for Almond Crunches (36 biscuits):
2 tablespoons, treacle 60g butter
a:
7 cup brown sugar 125g roasted almonds
% cup plain flour 2 teaspoons nutmeg
a) In what ratio must you increase the quantities in order to make 54 biscuits
b) Calculate the necessary quantities:
Treacle 2x Sugar
Flour Butter
Almonds Nutmeg
©) For your new quantities, convert all the measures to grams using the conversions 1 cup = 140g, 1
tablespoon = 20g, 1 teaspoon = 5g
Treacle 2x Sugar
Flour Butter
Almonds Nutmeg
iene
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS. ae
H
7. Ferris Wheels
The Baby Ferris Wheel has a diameter of 1.5 metres. The Giant Ferris Wheel has a radius of
9 metres. Both wheels turn the same number of revolutions per minute.
How many times faster will a person at point B on the big wheel travel when compared with
a child at point 5 on the small wheel?
s
2ris constant when finding
circumferences, so comparing radit
or diameters will give the quickest
answer.
8 Find the length of the unknown side in each of the following figures:
12 15
a)
6
» d 23
15
d)g:48
56|
+ 48 ——_*—_—> a
9. Sugar Solution (The information for questions 10a and 10b)
A cook required a quantity of sugar dissolved in water.
* He made 4 litres of the mixture in Jug No. 1.
* He decided this was too sweet so he poured 3 litres of this solution into Jug No 2 and
added 3 litres of water.
‘* He then poured 2 litres of the mixture in Jug No 2 into Jug No. 1.
At the end of his pouring backwards and forwards which of the following statements is true?
(Hint: Work with real figures and drawings.)
Jug 1 Jug 2 Jug 3
Jug 4
‘A. The liquid in Jug No. 1 is stronger solution and tastes sweeter than the mixture in Jug
No.2
B, The liquid in Jug No. 2 is a stronger solution and tastes sweeter than the mixture in
Jug No. 2
. Both mixtures have the same strength of sugar and taste the same.
D. After so much mixing it is impossible to tell
‘A. Jug No. 1 contains a greater mass of sugar than Jug No. 2.
B. Jug No. 1 contains a smaller mass of sugar than Jug No. 2
Jug No. 1 contains the same mass of sugar as contained in Jug No. 2
D. The masses of sugar in the containers depend upon the amount of water in the
containers, a
H
PERCENTAGES
1. Express these percentages as fractions in simplest form
a. 40% = c. 93%. =
b. 16% =
z
a. 25% = c. 37.5% =
b. 0.5% = d. 0.2% =
3
a. 335 %= ¢, 7% rs
b. 125% =
4.
2 z
a2 a?
;
ar
5. Express these percentages as decimals
a. 30% c. 75.5%
b. 941%
6. Express these decimals as percentages
a. 0.63 0.004
b. 1.207 a 19
a. Express 24 as a percentage of 44
b. What percentage is 14 of 63
8. Sheree earns $120 per week: $75 is pocket money, $30 for housework and the rest is.
for walking the dog.
a. What percentage of her income comes from housework?
b, What percentage of her income comes from walking the dog?
9. Find:
a. 75% of 24
b. S% of 640
©. 12.5% of 84
d. 120% of 865 ae
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10. Land for a playground
Farmer Basil had a piece of land 500 metres long and 30 metres wide and he gave 20% of
the area to the Pre-School alongside. What is the area of the land he gave away?
500 metres
Farmers Basil's land.
Pre-School
nu.
1 3
1
3
What percentage of
this shape is shaded?
A. =70%
B. = 40%
C. 30%
D. = 20%
12. A shop takes 20% off a dress It then takes a further 30% off. | look at the label after
all the discount and it says the dress is $70. What was the original price of the dress?
B.
le Tommy's Spelling Test
The spelling test contained 152 words. His report card showed Spelling as 62.5%.
How many words did he spell incorrectly?
14. Faulty Scales
a. 1am weighed on scales which have a 10% error, that is, the scales show me
the scale show?
would her real weight be?
would be:
78.21ke,
ii, 95.59kg
i. 79kg
iv. 76.9kg
10% heavier than my real weight. If | actually weigh 82 kilograms. What will
b. If these same scales show the weight of my sister as 85.8 kilograms, what
c.f the same scales show the weight of my brother at 86.9, his real weight
(This isthe same type of problem as the previous one [b]
but itis in the multiple choice format. By using the
possible answers as part of the data its easy to get the
correct answer but you need to understand the process
1 shown in part b} a
15. A furniture shop bought a table from the manufacturer, and marked up the purchase
price by 50%, At the August Homemaker Sale, the price was reduced by 25%. The
buyer saved $30 on the price tag shown in the shop.
What did the shop pay the manufacturer for the table in the first place
a. $90
b. $60
c. $80
d. $70
Did the furniture shop make profit or loss and by how much?
16. Sam sells a suit to Basil at one hundred and thirty three and one third percent of the
wholesale price. The suit did not fit so Basil sold it back to Sam for the wholesale
price. What is the percentage loss made by Basil?
17. Fast Walker
Han Walks ata rate of 5 kilometres per hour. Arthur walks at a rate which is 20% faster.
‘They both commence at 11 A.M. What is the time when they are 2.5 kilometres apart?
18. Bulk Grain Carrier.
The bulk grain carrier carries 10,000 tons of wheat. Each grain pump delivers 0.5 of aton
per minute and there are 10 such pumps. How long willit take to fill the ship to 75% of
its capacity?
19, Blood in the Human Body
Approximately 9% of the mass of the human body is blood, and 40% of the mass of the
blood is the mass of the red corpuscles. A litre of blood weighs approximately 1
kilogram.
a) Aman weighed 70kg. Approximately what is the volume of the blood in this body?
a. 0.63 litres
b. 6.3m!
©. 630ml
d, 6300ml
b) The mass of red corpuscles in the same man’s body is approximately
0.252 grams
2.52 kilograms
252 grams
25.2 grams ae
20. Special Percentage Problem
This question was set in a major exam paper over ten years ago,
The pie charts below show the results of a survey which asked 15 and 16-year-old males
and females how often they ate chocolate.
Female
Male
15 yr olds
22K
Eaten but
not in the
last one
month
16 yr olds
24.0%
Monthly
Weekly
Daily
Which of the following statements is correct according to this information?
a) A total of 7.7% of 15 year olds said that they ate chocolate daily.
b) 24.5% of females said that they had never eaten chocolate
) Alarger percentage of 15 year old females said that they are chocolate monthly than the
percentage of 16 year old males in this category.
d) The percentage of 16 year old females who ate chocolate, but not in the last month, is
larger than 15 year old malesin this category ae
H
a.
The inland Sandy Desert is one of the world’s largest. It covers part of four
countries as given below.
684,000sq km in Desert land 232,000sq km in Sandy land.
119,000sq km in Arid land. 71,000sq km in Beach-land
a. About what percentage of the inland Sandy Desert is contained in the two countries with
the largest amount of desert?
A. 60%
8B. 70%
c. 80%
D. 90
b, About 780 thousand tonnes of sand blows into the inland Sandy Desert every day. This
means that over the whole desert an average of approximately
A. 0.78 tonnes per sq. km
B. 7.8tonnes per sq. km
C. 78 tonnes per sq. m.
D. 780 tonnes per sq. km.
22. Chocolate Lovers A survey of 150 boys and 250 girls at Cadbury Primary School shows that
84% of boys and 96% of girls like chocolate.
What percentage of pupils at Cadbury Primary School like chocolate
BOYS GIRLS TOTAL
23. Trucks Depreciate
A prime mover is purchased for $300,000. The Taxation Commissioner allows this to be
depreciated at the rate of 10% per year. This 10% is applied to the REMAINING value at the
commencement of each financial year. What value is shown for the truck at the end of three
years? 24,
2.
va
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Simple Interest: interest paid = amount borrowed x interest rate per annum x number of
years
Find the simple interest paid on:
2, $250 at 12% per annum for 2 years
b. $850 at 10% per annum for 4 years
. $1000 at 11% per annum for 3 years
. $3000 at 8% per annum for 5 years
Steven's Birthday
(On Steven's 15" birthday his grandparents deposited $1000 in an investment account for
him. If the bank 10% per annum compound interest and Steven did not touch the account
until his 18" birthday, how much money would he have?
(On 16" birthday he has 1,000 + 10% of 1,000 = $1,100,
On 17" birthday he has 1,100 + 10% of 1,100 = $1,210,
On 18" birthday he has 1,210 + 10% of 1,210 = $1,331
PROBABILITY
1. Ifa six-sided dice is thrown, what is the probability of getting
a. Afive
b. An odd number
. Aprime number
d. Anumber greaterthan 4
2. Mrand Mrs Smith have 5 sons. Mr Smith said “Surely next time it will be a gir!” What
is the probability that their next child will be a girl?
3. lee Cream Parlour.
For the Economy Special Ice Cream Sundae the ice cream parlour provides a choice of five
flavours of ice cream, four flavours of syrup and three different toppings. For the
Economy Special you must choose one flavoured ice cream, one flavoured ice cream, one
flavour of syrup and one sort of topping. Other mixtures are much more expensive. What
is the probability of Jill and Alice ordering exactly the same sundae?
4, Numbered Cards
Aset of cards are numbered 1 to 36 and are placed face down on the table. What isthe
chance of selecting a card which isa multiple of 4? 5. Coloured Marbles
At a party, children are playing a game where they need to draw marbles from a bag
without looking. (ance drawn the marbles are not returned to the bag) In the bag there
are 17 red marbles, 11 blue marbles, and 10 green marbles. Mark already has drawn a
red and a blue and when he sees what the others have drawn, he knows there are only 8
marbles left in the bag and only 2 of these are green. What is the least number of marbles
which Mark must draw to be certain of having two marbles the same colour?
6. Coloured Mugs
‘There are twelve mugs on the bench. Eight are blue and four are yellow. Two of the blue
ones have cats on them
Ifa mug is chosen at a random, what is the probability of choosing the following?
a. Ayellow mug
b. Ared mug
©. Either a yellow or blue mug
dd. Amug with a cat on it
e. Ablue mug without a cat onit
f. Amug with no cat on it
g. Nota yellow mug
h. If blue mug is chosen, what is the probability that it will have a cat on it
7. Guinea Pigs
A breeder of guinea pigs has one male and two females in a red cage, and two males and
one female in a blue cage.
A visiting child picks up a guinea pig from the red cage with his right hand and a guinea
pig from the blue cage with his left hand then puts each guinea pig into the wrong cage.
What is the probability that each cage will now have three animals of the same sex?
8. Emily picked two random letters from the word EMAIL. The first letter was @ vowel
What is the probability that the other letter was also a vowel? ae
H
AVERAGES & STATISTICS
1. Find the median and the mode of the following
a. 182, 97, 49, 66, 182, 215, 66, 182, 106
b. 7.7,2.4, 4.4, 9.3, 8.5, 9.3, 5.7, 7.3
2. Agarage bought eleven second-hand motorbikes at an average price of $3,640 each.
How much did all the bikes cost the garage owners?
3. Sally drove 330 kilometres in 5 hours. What was her average speed in kph?
4. What is the average number of weeks in a month?
(Caution :- the answer is not 4. Remember the whole year is involved)
5. Tim runs a catering service and he keeps careful records. He knows that at any party
with over twenty people the average consumption of hamburgers will be 2.8 per
person. How many hamburgers should he provide for 40 people?
6. Claude drove 484 kilometres in 55 hours. What was his average speed?
7. The average car travels about 10 km ona litre of petrol. The tank on Noddy’s car
holds 26.35 litres. How far could he expect to be able to travel?
8 The average hourly pay rate for junior employees at the fast food chain of
Melbourne Mud Pies is $6.50 per hour. The average hours worked by junior
employees is ten hours per week. What is the total wages bill for 100 juniors for a
week? (Presume that the averages are true for this particular week.) |
SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS
ELIMINATION BY ADDITION
1. xty=8
x-y=12
2. Find two numbers whose sum is 4, and whose difference is 10.
ELIMINATION BY SUBTRACTION
1. 5x-3y=21
2x-3y = 12
2. Greg buys 3 cakes and 4 buns at the canteen, paying $3.40. Glenys buys 1 cake and 4
buns, paying $2.20. Find the price of each.
ELIMINATION BY ADDITION OR SUBTRACTION
1. 2e+y=13 5. 2c+3d 9. 3x-2y=10
x-ya2 -2e+d=4 “3x~2y=-14
2. 6x+2y=22 6. 4x+y=23 10.2a+b=1
3x+2y=16 xt+y=8 2a-7b=41
3. 3a+5b=14 7. m+7n=14
2a~Sb=26 m-2n=-4
4. Sa-4b=21 8 m+4n=13
3a-4b=7 m-2n=1
MULTIPLYING TO ELIMINATE
1. 3x+2y=2 9. a+b
2x-y=-8 2x4 3y=12
at 3
2. 4x+5y=32 6. 4x-3y=26
3x-2y= 1 Sx+2y=21 3
a 7. ax+Sy=100 10. q+3
ake syo29 3x+4y=10
8 3at+4b=1
4 x-3
axt+y Saab zt p+2q 3p-q
pez
a
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS a
H
SOLVING SIMULTANEOUSS EQUATIONS BY SUBSTITUTION
1. y=2e3 4. at2b=11
yex+5 b=a-2
2 atb .
eA 5. a=ab+1
a=3b-1
Boman 6 3a44b=11
7 b=2a
SOLVING WORDED PROBLEMS
1. I think of two numbers. If | double the first and add three times the second, the result is
zero. If | subtract three times the second from twice the first, the result is -12. Find the
‘two numbers. Let the 1: number be x and 2" number be y.
2. To buy 3 tyres and 2 tubes would cost $600, while the cost of 1 tyre and 2 tubes would
be $240. Find the price of each.
3, Ata dentist's surgery, 5 fillings and 2 extractions cost $480, while 3 fillings and 2
extractions cost $320. How much is paid for a filling and how much for an extraction?
4, I think of two numbers, which I represent by x and y. If add three times y to three
times x, the result is 73, while if| subtract three times y from three times x the result is
224, What numbers do x and y represent?
5. The doctor's bills, found in my grandfather's old files, had very little information on.
them. One bill charged $140 for 2 consultations at the surgery and 3 visits to the home.
‘second bill charged $130 for 4 consultations at the surgery and 1 visit to the home
Calculate the cost of each consultation at the surgery and of each visit to the home.
6. I think of two numbers whose sum is 3. If twice the first number is added to three times
the second number, the result is 1. Find the number.
7. Two bicyclists begin at the same point and travel in the opposite directions. One
bicyclist rides at the rate of 20kms. per hour; the other rides at rate of 10kms. per hour.
In how many hours will they be 120kms. apart?
80 km 40 km
&
25.3
ar Fifth index law
27.a' bt
28. x6y? La
29. 3xy ft
30.2p’q ¥
31.0% 32
2 ant a
32,22" | oF
, ste
33. 6x aa
34, 14a? &
35. x4y ft
36 a aaa
ke 4
7a) oe
Third index law 10560535
us
La ‘
21 ae
3.5 at
ae Hint
5.9 we
61 al.
ge 16. pair?
a wt
9b e,
10. x? we
2 ?
Scientific notation
Fourth index law 1.2) 4.95 10?
2
ne b) 3.798 x 10°
2. Se ©) 5.96 x 10-S
3. m* 4) 6.53 x 102
4. e) 1.743 x 10*
Sy, oF 3.7x1
6. 29 g) 4.216 x 10"?
7. w h) 5.0 x 10"
8. 8a i) 98x 10-3
By Grae j) 6.12 x 10-7
10. 72x18 kK) 96
uz
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GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRAN'
AMS. Me
H
2.a) 91800000
b) 0.00000000504
) 640,000
4) 6143
) 0.0027
f) 0.0000000367
3. a) 9.87 x 10%
b) 7.2 10?
78x 1077
4) 7.04% 105
)3.84x 10-7
) 2.56 x 10?
UNDERSTANDING NUMBER
1.324
2.680
3.8
ae
5A
6.0
7.0
85
9.0
10. a) 55,89,143,233,377 b) 24,44,81,149
11. .a)Qb)P js
12. A) 51 B) 67 C) 84 D) 23,
13, 12,13,14,15,16,17,18
14. a) 26 b) 10 c) 80
15.a) Cb) C
16. even, even, even, odd, even, even, odd
17.34
18, 1L rectangles
19. 100
20. 24,57
21. 28,44,76,196
HE
Eo
ee
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTA\
eat
22.Yes
23. X= 3n#1 ; 4,7,10,13,16,61,1501
24. 8 bolts, x=3n+2 ; 8,11,14,32,62,3002
25. a) pattern=5n-S ; 5,10,15,45, 375 b) 6n-6 ;
6,12,18,30,474
26. a)36m b)81m?
27.1,3,6,10,15,55
28.72
29.24
30.a) 400 b) 3600
31. a)77 b)38
32. a)39,40,41 b)30,31,32,33,34
€)23,25,27,29,31 d) C
33.210
34. 3 & 25 seat number third from each end
of Row Ll; 621 total seats; 441 in AAA to GGG
35.
36.7 steps and some matches left over
37.37
Finding relationships between numbers using
multiples and factors
1.237
Bx7
27x 32x5%7
. 21 cats, 12 dogs, 33 animals
37
a)6b) 12
233 people, $19
yey eey
ESTIMATION
LC
veer
oeam
‘OR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS Me
H
HENDERSONS.
GEOMETRY & ANGLES
1. Symmetry A piece of clear plastic is coloured as shown below.
T
The shape is rotated 180° about the axis $-T. Which of the following does it look like?
c
As B
—
T
M
a
Pp L Ww
2.
R
In this diagram, which is the axis of symmetry?
v
A. RS
s B. PQ
cM
D. vw
Which line is an axis of symmetry of
quadrilateral ABCD when AD = BC and DC is
parallel to AB?
poe
1
m
n
Pp
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCH
DOL ENTRANCE EXAM! a
H
4. Which of these letter of the alphabet has two axes of symmetry?
poe>
ON=»
5. Which shows the figure completed by reflection,
given that mis an axis of symmetry?
A 8. cD
A. Any diameter is an axis of symmetry.
B. Alllines of symmetry pass through the centre.
C. Any two axis of symmetry intersect at the centre.
D. Alltangents are lines of symmetry.
6. Fora circle, which of these is FALSE?
7. Ifa triangle has more than one axis of symmetry which must it be?
Equilateral
Isosceles
Scalene
Obtuse angled
goopP
8, Parallelograms: - How many parallelograms are in this diagram?
(Hint:- one systematic method is redraw the diagram in sections)
A4 E.8 STRATEGIES
B.S F.9 1, Bynumbering
C6 G. 10 2. By marking
D7
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS a
9. Triangle Dots: -
In this figure how many triangles are there which contain exactly two dots?
4
3
IX, :
B.
NY G2
D. Less than 2
10. What are three shapes that can be seen in this diagram?
A. triangles, squares, parallelograms
B. pentagons, trapeziums, hexagons
C. thombuses, pentagons, triangles
D. trapeziums, parallelograms, hexagons
11. Cutting the Hemisphere
Ifa hemisphere is placed flat on a table and cut in half the cross section would be:~
NAO
12. The figure below shows how two right-angled set squares can be used together to produce
different angles. One of the set squares has angles of 90°, 45° and 45°, the other has angles of
90°, 60° and 30°.
a. Angle X is b. Angle ¥ is
A.60° Ags?
B.65° B. 115°
C.75° c. 105°
D. 45°
D. Not enough information ne
H
Triangles
The three angles inside a triangle always add up to 180°
‘60°
ee
An isosceles triangle has
two sides and two angles | Aright angled triangle has one | An equilateral triangle has all
the same. angle which is 90°. three sides the same length
and all three angles the same.
What do the other two angles | What will each angle
add up to? measure in an equilateral
13a. Answer triangle?
13b. Answer
The angles within a circle (in a clock!) are
four right angles.
14. How many degrees does the hand on a
clock pass through when it travels once
around the clock?
Exterior Angles
Exterior angle
(outside triangle)
When a side of a triangle is extended beyond the triangle, an exterior angle is produced. The
exterior angle is equal to the sum of the two interior opposite angles.
(a? + b’=c°)
Note also that c and d are supplementary (add up to 180°)
ete
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS. a
H
15. Find the value of the pronumerals and state reasons for your choices.
c. Find x°.
HENDERSONS ~ SCHOOL ENTRANCE SPECIALISTS
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS Me
H
N A
V1 N
17. Find the missing angles as marked on each diagram.
a b. 4
629 20° 30°
x
c. da.
B | 70°
c A
po Ay
e f. q
w
30°
50°
8. Find angle ECG. h. Find angle BAE.
A E 8 e
36°
D c 6G A c
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS. aa
H
18. Find the value of 8.
foxy
19. Find the value of x.
PYTHAGORAS
Pythagoras of Samos, a Greek island, lived from about 569 BC to about 475 BC; he was a
philosopher who made important developments in mathematics, astronomy, navigation and the
theory of music. He spent most of his life in the Greek colonies, in Sicily and southern Italy. He
never married, but he had a group of followers who followed him around and taught other people
what he had taught them. The Pythagoreans were known for their pure lives (they didn’t eat
beans, for example, because they thought beans were not pure enough). They wore their hair
long, and wore only simple clothing, and went barefoot.
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS se
H
Pythagoreans were interested in philosophy, but especially in music and mathematics, two ways
of making order out of chaos. Music is noise that makes sense, and mathematics is the whole
world reduced to rules.
Pythagoras himself is best known for proving that the Pythagorean theorem was true. The
‘Sumerians, two thousand years earlier, already knew that it was generally true, and they used it in
their measurements, but Pythagoras proved that it would always be true.
If you take the length of the longest side of a right-angled triangle and square it, you will get the
same amount as you get if you square the lengths of the other sides and then add them together.
3 V25=5
So 3? + 4? does equal S*
4
‘© Start with the right-angled triangle, and a square
drawn on each side.
+ Colour the two smaller squares one colour and the
larger square a different colour. Pythagoras!
theorem states that these two areas are the same.
Now colour three triangles the same size as the
original one each of the two colours (as illustrated).
‘* This makes two irregular, but identical, pentagons
that clearly have the same area.
‘Ifthe two pentagons have the same area, then the
two smaller squares must have the same area as,
the larger one.
1. Find the value of ? in each of these triangles.
EC
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS H
HeNpeRsons
SN)
5
?
8
. 20
16
12
5
?
15
PS
8
2
16 —_——-
63
Ba.
Pee eect gun
b.
50
30)
?
4.
R
¥
?
f
4
1 [>
>
h.
? 100
A.
80
je 15
? 8
b Ln?
10
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRA\
JE EXAMS “se
12
b.
30
2
29
‘A Pythagorean Triple or Triad is a triple of natural numbers (a,b,c) such that
a? +b? = c?
The following is a list of all Pythagorean Triples where a, b, care all no larger than 100;
(34,5), (512,13), (6,8,10), (7,24,25), (8,15,17), (9,12,15), (9,40,41), (10,24,26), (11,60,62),
(12,16,20), (12,35,37), (13,84,85), (14,48,50), (15,20,25), (15,36,39), (16,30,34), (16,63,65),
(18,24,30), (18,80,82), (20,21,29), (20,48,52), (21,28,35), (21,72,75), (24,32,40), (24,45,51),
(24,70,74), (25,60,65), (27,36,45), (28,45,53), (28,96,100), (30,40,50), (30,72,78), (32,60,68),
(33,44,55), (33,56,65), (35,84,91), (36,48,60), (36,77,85), (39,52,65), (39,80,89), (40,42,58),
(40,75,85), (42,56,70), (45,60,75), (48,55,73), (48,64,80), (51,6885), (54,72,90), (57,76,95),
(60,63,87), (60,80,100}, (65,72,97). _
H
PROBLEMS
6, Susan is making a jump to ride her bike over. She uses a 5m plank of wood to make the jump,
and raises the end 300cm off the ground with a second piece of wood. How far long the ground
from the end of the plank that touches the ground is the second piece of wood?
7. Robert is using a 10m ladder to climb in his upstairs bedroom window. He finds that if he puts
the base of the ladder 6m from the wall the top leans on the windowsill. How high from the
ground is the windowsill?
8, Tony has got his kite stuck at the top of a very tall tree. He knows the string on his kite is 17m
long. When he pulls the string tight and holds the very end on the ground it touches 15m from the
bottom of the tree. If the ground is flat, how tall is the tree?
9. Ayacht sails 18km due west then 24km due north. How many kmis it now in a direct line from
its starting point? (Don't forget to draw a diagram).
North
Peacoat
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS a
H
10. Two boy scouts set off in a northerly direction. After covering 8km Jeff turned and travelled
15km to the East. Ross continued another 4 km to the North then turned and travelled 9km to the
West. Both boys then walked directly back to their starting point.
a. Calculate how far each was from the starting point.
b. After both boys were back at the starting point, which boy's journey was the longest?
11. The railway station, R, in Maths City is in the centre of the city. All city blocks in Maths City are
200m long. They all run either North - South or East - West.
From R, Mary jogs 2 blocks north, then 3 block west. She then drinks a bottle of water. Then
she walks 2 blacks North and 3 blocks West. Then she runs as quickly as she can 2 blocks
West and 1 block North. Give the directions and distances of Mary's return route to R as the
crow flies.
4
1h 2, 3
Ra
he
7.
12. The sports centre, G, in Geocity is in the Centre of town. All city blocks in Geocity are 500m long
and run North - South or East - West. From G, Mary runs 3 blocks North and 7 blocks East.
Leaving G at the same time as Mary, Jim runs 2 blocks South and 5 blocks West.
When both stop running, how far apart are they?
Note: Your answer should be the direct distance as the crow flies.
eran
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS ae
H
13. The railway station, R, in Mathsville is in the centre of town. Alll city blocks in Mathsville are
300m long and run North - South or East - West. From R, Jane and John leave at the same
time. Jane runs 5 blocks North and 5 blocks East. John runs 10 blocks South and 3 blocks
‘West. When both stop running, how far apart are they?
Note: Your answer should be the direct distance as the crow flies.
14. Find the value of x in the simplest form.
wa
Im,
a) 2¥15m b) V60 m c)7.75m d) V35m e)4V18m_
TRIGONOMETRY
Summary and overview
From one to many
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS se
H
o__
The basis of all
geometry is the
POINT.
Some famous
mathematicians who
have used geometry
have been
PYTHAGORAS,
EUCLID, DESCARTES.
By joining 2 points we
geta STRAIGHT LINE [we
can also get a CURVE]
Did you know that the
shortest distance
between 2 points isa
straight line?
Did you know that a line
is an infinitive set of
points?
By joining 2 straight
lines we get an
ANGLE
What are four main
types of angles?
By joining 3 straight
lines we get a
TRIANGLE
Do you know the
name of the joining
point?
What are four main
types of triangles?
Are all buildings
straight?
When we look at
buildings can you
see they are made
of different shapes...
Ifyou look at the
world around us can
you see lots of
different shapes
[they are still only
made of lines and
curves.)
Geometrical patterns
are everywhere.
Can you see what
simple shape of
different sizes forms
the white star?
GIVING YOU THE ADVAI
INTAGE
NTRANCE EXAMS as
PAE
red
ay
SRY
Geometry - the wonders of shapes
Maths vocabulary (there are clues in key words as to what they mean)
number prefix number prefix prefix | Meaning/word
1 Mono 6 Hexa Semi half.
2 Bi (or D) 7 Septa Hepta Centi hundredth
3) | tri 8 | Octo Milli | thousandth
4 | Quad 3 | Nona Hemi | half
5 Penta 10 Deca Deci tenth
TRIGONOMETRY
Trigonon is the Greek word for triangle and Metron is for measurement. Trigonometry is
measuring a triangle. Trigonometry deals with the relationships with the sides and the angles of a
triangle,
By using a unit circle and similar triangles trigonometry allows as to calculate lengths and angles
which may be difficult or impossible to measure directly. Trigonometry is used in many fields of
surveying architecture, navigation and astronomy,
The unit circle
The unit circle has a radius of one unit, and it is used to define sine, cosine and tangent ratios.
y Y
(0,1)
(0,-1) (0,-1) a
H
opposite
Fypotenuse
sind
opposite
inypotenuse
cos)
adjacent
cos =
Using Similar Triangles
cos®
Side BC found using the ratios:
1:5 (hypotenuse)
sind : BC
so BC=5 sind
> In any triangle the sin
Side AC found using the ratios:
so AC=5 cos
Thus cos@ =“S:
NI ei
ING YOU TI
:
ea
DVANTAG
adjacont
5 hypotenuse
FOR
tangent to the circle
opposite
sotahe adjacent
sind
opposite
inypotenuse
‘SCHOOL ENTRAR as
H
Note the mathematical convention:
* Capitals for the angle
* Small letters for the sides
hypotenuse
opposite|
a
CLS
adjacent
1, Label all the sides of the following triangles: as hypotenuse, opposite or adjacent.
a b. E « k
2. So complete the following statements:
sind = cos8 =
4 tand =
b : =
sina = cosa = tana =
& sinB= cosB = tanB =
The basic trigonometric ratios are called sine (sin), cosine (cos), and tangent (tan). These three
trigonometric ratios are defined as:
opposite adjacent opposite
cos8 = tand=
ypotenuse Fypotenase adjacent
SOH CAH TOA
Some Old Houses Can Always Hide Their Old Age
sinO =
{mnemonics are sometimes helpful)
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE ae
H
HENDERSONS
Step1
For angle @ identify which is the
HYPOTENUSE.......... "
OPPOSITE...
ADJACENT...
Step2
Referring to angle @ write down the
ratios for:
adjacent/hypotenuse =
‘opposite/hypotenuse =
opposite/adjacent =
Step 3
For angle y identify which is the
HYPOTENUSE ....
OPPOSITE.
ADJACENT.
4a
Step 4
Referring to angle y write down the ratios for:
adjacent/hypotenuse =
opposite/hypotenuse =
opposite/adjacent =
Write down ratios for
Sina= Sin B=
Cos a= Cos B =
Tan
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS Me
H
SOH CAH
TOA
4b, There are three simple triangles with a ratio of sides that give us some important relationships:
For each of these triangles, work out the sin, cos and tan of the named angle, leaving your
answers in exact form.
iit,
1 1 Mg v3
30° 45° 60°
v3 1
Sin30° = sings? = sin60° =
Cos30= Cosas? = Cos60° =
Tan30° = Tan4s° = Tan60° =
5. Use the information above to fill in the table below:
0° 45° 90°
sin@
Cos8
Tand
‘a. What do you notice? es
H
HENDERSONS
6.
6
d
54°
d
a ese C. 6 cos 54?
8. ee D. 6 sin 54°
2.
Using SOHCAHTOA write down the ratios for
< SIN, COS, TAN for both angles « and
a
i
b
i, a=6,b=8,andc=10
SIN for angle « = SIN for angle f=
COS for angle a = COS for angle B =
TAN for angle a= TAN for angle B =
=12,andc= 13
SIN for angle a = SIN for angle B =
COS for angle «= COS for angle B =
TAN for angle at = TAN for angle B =
Ta
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS. ae
H
a=3,b=4,andc=5
SIN for angle a = SIN for angle B =
COS for angle COS for angle B =
TAN for angle a= TAN for angle f =
iv. a=24,b=7,ande=25
SIN for angle a= SIN for angle B =
COS for angle
COS for angle B =
TAN for angle a= TAN for angle B =
8a. If a= 60° what is angle B?
8b. If a= ip? what is angle B?
Angle a and B are complementary/supplementary.
9.
cosa= =
“3B
. # sem
sina= >
B
s
= a 8
tana= =
—_—_
Tom
Find cos 0.
HENDERSON:
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE F
ean
‘OR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS
weeeannnae se
H
one
a. Perimeter is measured in units Of ....
b, Formula for the perimeter of a rectangle ..
[7 q [ '
o d
Note:- When you are calculating the area you are multiplying two measures which have names to
produce an answer which has a different name and describes a different feature of space.
2. Area
a. Area is measured in units of ...
b. Formula for the area of a rectangle...
Special Caution What units of measure are you using?
One Hectare
3. Volume
Note that one millilitre = 1 centimetre cubed
AmL = 1m?
‘litre = 1000 em?
IL = 1000 cm?
1000 Litre = 1 metre?
1000
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE ae
H
a. Solid Volume is measured in units of
b, Liquid Volume is measured in units Of...
c. Formulae for measuring volume of a prism.
Understanding the Relationship Between Perimeter and Area
4, Sheep Pens 1.
Farmer Giles has 36 sections of portable fence which are used to make pens for the sheep. Each of
these sections is 1 metre long. Each night he arranges the sections into a rectangle. Sometimes he
makes it long and narrow and sometimes he makes it more like a square.
a. How many different rectangles is he able to make?
b. Whats the largest area of each of these rectangles? i
©. What type of rectangle is it?
5, Sheep Pens 2
Farmer Arrowsmith has only 24 sections of the same portable fence. List all the rectangles which
he is able to make and the area for each rectangle.
Perimeter = 24 metres therefore L+ W = 12 metres
Length - metres Width - metres ‘Area— square metres
Study the two tables for questions 1 and 2.
What conclusion are you able to draw about the relationship between perimeter of rectangles and
the area, which they enclose?
a. My conelusi
Did you notice? As the difference between length and width gets smaller, the area gets bigger.
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE
XAMS Ms
H
The Relationship between Area and Perimeter.
6. Here is a shape made of squares.
if the total area is 99 cm?, what is the perimeter?
A. 22cm
8. 33cm
C. 60cm
D. 66cm
7. Jake's Bedroom.
If the perimeter Jake's bedroom is 20 metres and the room is square, what area of carpet
needed to cover the floor?
8. Martha’s Room.
If the width of Martha's rectangular room is 4 metres and the perimeter is 16 metres, how many
square metres of carpet are needed to cover the room?
9. Red Carpet.
The rectangular red carpet runner used on the steps of parliament house to welcome important
dignitaries needed rebinding around the entire edge. The carpet is one metre wide and 42 metres
of binding were needed. How long is the carpet? ae
H
HeNDERSONS
10. Mini Car Park
Mini Car Park has two levels each having four rows with twenty five cars to each row. The cost of
parking is $10 per day. If the car park is full what is total revenue for a day?
11. Major Car Park
Major car park has y levels. Each level has n rows and each row has m spaces. The charges for each
space is $x per day. The maximum total revenue for each day is therefore:-
12. Paving around the Pool
The area around the rectangular pool is to be paved for a distance of three metres out from
the edge of the pool. Each paving block is a square with sides of 0.5 metres. How many
blocks are needed?
Paving
Blocks
2m)
Paving Blocks
Paving
Blocks
HENDERSON
HOOL ENTRAN
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS.
Betas ~~
H
13. Zig Zag Fence
a. There is to be a “zig zag” fence to be built from A to B. All the angles in the drawing are right
angles. What is the length of fencing needed?
Very Important — drawings not to scale
(zig zag continues right across)
--“60 metres
b. What would be the length of a straight fence from A to B?
(This is an extension question and can only be answered if you know about Pythagoras)
c. Find the Perimeter.
xm xem
_— —
7
10 cm,
a Bom
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS a
H
LANDING
_——_ 20cm
Drawing Not to Scale
This problem should not
be solved by drawing
The steps are to be built
so that you can climb
from B to the landing
3 metreshigh
to the landing
These steps have
not been built
A~——————_- x
14. Staircase Problems.
A builder is to build a staircase up to a landing which is 3 metres from the floor level.
Each step rises 20cm, and the horizontal part of the step goes 25cm.
a. How many steps will he need to build?
b. How far from the wall will he need to move (distance x) to be able to have the correct number
of steps?
c. How many linear metres of carpet will he need to be able to cover all the steps (including the
front vertical part) an one metre at the top landing?
eee
SIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE Ma
H
15. Pony Paddock
Peter kept his pony in a rectangular paddock the perimeter of which was 240 metres and the area
was 3200 square metres. What were the dimensions of the paddock?
16. How wide is the Park?
The Play Park runs between Happy Street and Sad Street. Some drivers are using the park as a
short cut. A fencing contractor has been asked to put chains across both ends of the park to stop
the cars driving through, but he has not been told how wide the park is. When he rang the council,
the girl told him the perimeter was 420 metres and the [filiII\=SE)/ NNN but she cid
not know the actual length. What is the length of chain needed for each end of the park?
Houses
Happy Street Sad Street
Houses
fete
GIVING YOU
Pea eicnt
HE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS wa
H
HeNDeRsoNs:
17. Write down the base, and the height of the following triangles and then calculate their area:
a 0
iy 7 Base ...
a0 Height...
b. 80
o q Base...
40
Area...
= :
18. What is the area contained within this rhombus?
AC= 12cm DE = 20cm
Colour and show how your workings were applied.
Peeters senna as
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS .< 2m >
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS ae
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25. Ratio, Perimeter & Area.
2. What is the ratio of the perimeter of the smallest square in this diagram to the perimeter of the
largest square in the diagram?
PTT
b. What is the ratio of the area of the smallest square to the area of the largest square?
26. Equal Perimeters.
Arectangle is twice as long as it is wide and has the same perimeter as an equilateral triangle. The
length of one side of the triangle is 12 cms.
What are the dimensions of the rectangle?
27. Rectangle Equation.
The length of rectangle is 9 cm. more than the width, and the perimeter is 138 cm. if the breadth
is xem.,x can be found from the equation
(Extension work - Solve the Equation)
138 Gx(x+9)
38D. x(9x) = 138
A22x +9)
38 B.2(x +9) se
H
28. How Wid«
the Lawn?
The length of a rectangle lawn is four meters greater than the breadth. If the breadth is x meters
and the area is 196 m, an equation which may be used to find the breadth of the lawn is:
A. 2x+4= 196m? B.4x +8 = 196m?
© 4x2 = 196m? D.x?+4x = 196m?
29. A farmer has 500m of chicken wire. Which of the paddocks could he fence with it and have no
wire left over?
50m
200m
20
0m) x 150m 450m
100m
50m
A. Xory
B. XorZ
C. Yorz
D. x, YorZ
30. Which is the area of the shaded
triangle?
10cm
6cm A. 15cm?
B. 171/2cm?
Cc. 30cm?
D. 35m?
Scm
GIVING ¥ OOL ENTRANCE EXAMS
J THE ADVANTAGE FOR SC 31. Paint costs $2.30 per litre and covers 80m”.
The cost of painting a rectangle wall 20m by 40m is:
A. $23.00 B. $230.00
Cc. $46.00 D. $20.70
32 If the perimeter of this rectangle is 2(a + 3b) which
<< isthe length of the shorter side?
A 2a
B. a+b
Cc 2atb)
D.a
33
B
x
c D
If the area of the rectangle ABCD is 36cm’, what is the value of x?
34. Find the vertical distances of hx and ha.
Note: Not drawn to scale
ha he
ee
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAG!
OR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS se
H
Know the terms — all the terms you need to know are shown in the drawings below.
chord
Ne ae
minor segment
major segment
The ale at ‘ Ate lenath 3g 2 % mr
the centre of
the circle is
twice the
angle at the o>
circumferenc
octagon =
thesamearc. = “SS
arclength
concentric
circles
Circle and Ratio.
Pi which is given the symbol 7, is a ratio. It is the ratio between the diameter of a circle and the
circumference. It is also the ratio between the radius squared and the area of a circle
Piis expressed either as a fraction = or as a decimal value 3.142.
For quick approximate calculations- particularly useful for multiple choice questions, you can use 3
as a value of pi. Sometimes pi is not evaluated at all but left as 7. This is known as exact form.
Perimeter = 4 x side Area=dxd
=4d orax ly d x
Yd
VO \\ ccunterence= DN wean
3.1420
md or 2nr
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS sae
H
35a, What is the circumferences of this circle ? (Use w ==")
b. What is the area?
c. Find the perimeter of this shape.
3 \7cm
d. Find the angle at the center ZAOB
e. Find angle x°
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS ae
H
HENDERSONS:
EXERCISES WITH CIRCLES
36. Use w= 2
Measurements Circumference ‘Area
a
Diameter = 7¢m
b.
Radius = 2.8¢m
©
Diameter = 560m
ca
Radius = 35cm
For the next two questions, leave your answer in exact form (i,
do not evaluate )
e
Diameter = 18m
f
Radius = 13mm.
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS <7
enpangons
37. Find the shaded area of these circular shapes [Use m= 2
150°
14m
28mm
38, Calculate the area covered by the windscreen wiper in the following diagram:
fee
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL
ENTRANCE EXAMS a
H
39. Ashleigh wants to sow some clover in her
circular lawn. How many packets of clover
seeds should she buy if one packet covers 77m??
40. Circle and Angles- The Clock
a. How many degrees does the hour hand of a clock move through in one hour?
b, How many degrees does the minute hand move through in one minute?
41, The radius of a circular cricket field is 60m. M and N are the ends of a diameter of the field.
Approximately, how much further is it to walk around the boundary from M and N than to walk
straight across the field?
(Note: C=2nrandn = =)
7
A.7om B. 260m, ¢.130m. D.320m.
Eta
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHO\
ENTRANCE EXAMS as
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42. Three circles touch each other as shown. Each circle has radius 3cm.
aD.
Find exactly:
ah
b. Total Area of 3 Circles and the Shaded Area
mw ae
H
Relationship between solid volume (1cm?, 1 cm? cm?) and liquid
volume (litres)
imL=1 cm?
One Cubic Metre
100CM
Now (1m)3 = 1m?
(1m)?= 10cm x 100cm x 100¢m
Um? = 1,000,000 cm*
1,000,000 x Imi = 1,000,000 x tem?
10001 = 1,000,000 cm?
‘Thus 10001 = 1m?
Volume Problems
43. Weetbix in Bulk.
* The hotel purchases Weethix (Breakfast Cereal) in boxes 40 cms long, 25 cms wide and 20 ems
deep
A Weetbix is 10 ems long, 5 ems wide, and 20 mms thick.
How many Weetbix can fit in the box?
hon
R SCHOOL ENTRANC
EXAMS Me
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44. Amelia's Big Box
(Hint: You do not need to calculate the dimensions of Amelia’s box.)
Amelia has a small box which has a capacity of 20 cubic ems. Helen's box is twice as long, three
times as wide and three times as high. What is the capacity of Helen’s box?
45. The dimensions of abox are x X y X z and the volume is increased such that x is doubled, y
is 9 times bigger and z is tripled.
How much extra volume does it have compared to the original box?
k
46. Given I= 2 , where F intensity, k= constant, d= distance
If the value of d is doubled, how much does the answer change?
esc
GIVING YOU
HE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE
XAM a
H
47. Basic Story: Small Refrigerators
Model 1.
‘Small under bench refrigerators are packed in boxes which are
‘metre by 1 metre by 1 metre.
The shipping container’s inside measurements are
2 metres wide, 8 metres long and 3 metres high.
How many refrigerator cartons are able to be stacked in the shipping container?
48. Variation in the Story: Larger Refrigerators
Model 1.5.
Refrigerators are in cartons 1 metre wide 1 metre deep and 1.5 metres high.
How many of these cartons may be stacked in the shipping container?
49. Large Cartons Carrying Packets of Breakfast Cereals
There cartons are 900 mm by 800 mm by 500 mm.
It does not matter how they are stacked.
The Bulkway truck is 1.8 metres wide, 2.4 metres high and 4.8
Meters long (inside dimensions)
What is the greatest number of cartons which can be stacked in the truck?
SCHOOL ENTRANCE
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS. ~~
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50. Change in the Carton Size
Due to changes in the packets of Breakfast Cereal, the cartons were changed to
700 mm by 700 mm by 600 mm.
What is the greatest number of the new cartons which will fit in the truck?
A PRISM IS A SOLID WITH A CONSTANT CROSS SECTION
Examples:
Cube, Rectangular Prism, Cylinder, Triangular Prism, Cone, Sphere.
The volume of any prism is the product of the area of its base and its perpendicular height.
A Vs (ar)xh
V=(Y/yxbxh) xH
ee
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS.
meres
eer se
H
ve4/3(nr?) xh
v= 4/3 nr
51. Find the volume of the following prisms:
a
h=Scm
w=6em ae
H
52. Find the volume of the following cylinder exactly.
53. Find the volume of the following triangular prism:
12cm Canes
54. Find the volume and total surface area of the following triangular prism:
INCE SPECIALISTS.
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS. Re
H
55. Find the volume of the following cones in exact form:
d=3cm
56. The following is a diagram of a regular pyramid on a rectangular base. Its slant height is 26 cm.
Find its volume.
A. 2304 cm3 B. 1536 cm? ¢. 2v194em3 vt yT9Fam3 €.1536 cm?
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS. Me
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57. The following is a diagram of a regular pyramid on a rectangular base. Its slant height is 26 cm
Find its volume.
c.1152m3 D.112em £,11152 m3
58. A square based pyramid stands 10 metres high above the dead centre of the base. The base
measures 9m. Draw this pyramid with accurate dimensions.
To find the volume of square based pyramid you use the following equation.
Volume =; [Area of base] x Perpendicular Height
What is the volume of this pyramid?
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GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS. _e
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TOTAL SURFACE AREA (TSA) OF SOLIDS
CYLINDER CLOSED AT BOTH ENDS
Curved Surface Area = 2mrh
TSA = nr? + 2nth = 2nr(r-+h)
A SPHERE
TSA = Amer?
59. Find the exact total surface area of this cylinder closed at both ends.
r=8cem h=12cm
128mm?
. 192mem*
. 320ncm*
. 32mem?
. 3200
mop @ >
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS a
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HenoeRsons:
60. Find the total surface area of this regular pyramid on a square base.
A. 9,600 em?
B. 8,400
C. 840cm?
D. 8,400 cm
E. 3,600 cm*
et Beer
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS. se
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HENDERSON
STACKS OF BLOCKS
1. Pushing the blocks out of the stack.
Alex built this stack of blocks and before and glue had completely set, he very carefully pushed
each of the lines of blocks which are marked with the star, out of the stack. He could then look
through the hole from any of the faces. How many blocks are in the stack?
2. Glued Blocks
Russell made a solid rectangular box shape by gluing a large number of blocks together. The box
was 8 blocks long, 6 blocks wide and 5 blocks high. The glue turned the blocks a brown.
‘Our Plan of the Bottom
Drawing as shown in the tohelp you
exam
6
2, When the block was broken back into single cubes, how many blocks had the dark staining on
every face?
b. If the box was made hollow how many blocks would fit on the inside?
¢. If the box is made hollow how many blocks are needed to build it? (It has both a top and
bottom.)
4. IF the box is solid and the six external faces are painted then how many cubes have no paint?
(Hint: Take one layer away from each dimension, then each dimension will decrease by?)
nese
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS se
Stacking Blocks - Understanding Patterns
In the real world there are many problems involving stacking boxes, barrels and sacks. Questions
which often involve such problems are how many boxes of particular size will fit into a certain
space, or how many tins of dog food will be needed for a pyramid display. In exams these
problems are often used to test both your knowledge and your problem solving ability
3. Stack of Car Tyres
At the service station there are 36 tyres to be stacked in a pyramid (only one tyre deep). There is
‘one tyre on top and then one extra tyre in each row. How many tyres are in the bottom row?
A. Giant Display.
a. If there was a giant display of blocks of soap in the central court at the shopping mail and its
pyramid followed this rule and had 100 layers, how many blocks of soap would be in the bottom
layer? The top layer was four bars long and only one bar wide.
b. Can you write a formula to calculate the total number of blocks in any particular layer where
n= the number of layers and x = the total number of blocks in a layer
Development to the Soap Stack
The store manager noticed that there was a very large number of blocks of soap in these displays
and that the blocks on the inside could not be seen. He had the carpentry shop make wooden
blocks exactly the same size as the soap, and these were to be used wherever the outside layers,
hide them.
fives
= SCH
pean
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS. se
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c. In the stack with 8 layers [with the top layer of four bars] how many wooden blocks would be
used?
d. If wooden blocks are used wherever they are hidden, how many real blocks of soap are needed
for the eight layer display stack [in question c]?
5. A Further Development of the Soap Stack.
‘Smart Alec thought he would have some fun so he told the assistant that he had to build a stack
with 35 blocks on the bottom rectangular layer. Then each rising layer had to be one block shorter
in both length and width and to stop when the top layer had only one block in width.
a. How many layers were there in the finished stack?
b. How many blocks were in the finished stack?
c. How many blocks long was the top layer?
6. A'Still Further Development of the Soap Stack.
The Store Manager told Alec that 35 was a silly number and he wanted 36 blocks in the bottom
layer and there were to be four such stacks as you came in the door. Smart Alec was tired of soap
stacks and decided to resign, so he built 4 different soap stacks but each one had a rectangular
base of 36 blocks and each layer was always one block less in length and width than the layer
underneath it.
How many blocks of soap were needed in each stack? (It isa different number for each stack) ae
H
7. Shamika's Tower
Shamika built a tower of cubes like this shown. She glued it together and
dropped it into a bucket of green paint. After it dried, she took the tower apart.
How many cubes has green paint on exactly three faces?
8. Billy's Block Problem
Billy has a set of identical blocks which lock together. All the blocks are perfect cubes. A single
block is called a #1 structure and each of this single cube has a length of X metres. The structure in
the drawing is a #2 structure because it has two blocks along each edge. A #3 structurenhs three
blocks along each edge and so on.
The total outside surface area of this #2 structuren is:-
LZ
A. 4X square metres
B. 6X square metres
C. 8X square metres
D. 24X square metres
9. The letters of the word BLOCKS are on the six faces of a cube. The picture below show that cube
in three different positions. Also shown is what the cube would look like if it was opened. Write
the letters of BLOCKS on the correct boxes in the opened cube.
0 K Oo
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GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS
Pea a
H
Geometry & Angles
1.8 2A 3.0 48 5.B 6.D
7A 8.F 9A 10.D ALA 12a.
12b.C 13a. 90° 13b. 60° 14. 360°
15a. p= 106°, q= 74°, r= 74°, t= 74?
15b. j=111°, k= 69°, |= 111°, m= 69°, n= 69°
15¢.B
15d. = 49°, f = 68°, g= 131°, h= 63°
16a. Parallelogram, p = 152°, q = 28°
16b. Kite, y = 108°
16c. Square, m = 90°, n= 45°
17a. x= 112° 17b, a= 130° 7c. A= 20° 17d. e = 30°
17e, c= 135° 17f.w= 80? 17g. ECG = 82° 17h. BAE = 143°
18.0=23° 19.x= 20°
Pythagoras
ta. 10 1b. 40 te. 12 1d. V95 1e.15 1f.vI5
1g. V369 or 3V41 th. 60 ti. V89 4.17
2.V4225 = 65
3a.VIS7 3b. V44= 2VT1
4a, V252 = 6V7 4b. ¥59 4c. V74
5.x=5V2 4m 7.w=8m &t=8m —-9.d=30km
10a, Jeff = 17 km, Ross = 15 km 10b. Jeff walked 4km further than Ross
11. d = V9 blocks SE 12. Distance apart = 6.5 km
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS 13. Distance apart = 5.1 km WA
Trigonometry
2a.
ole ee é
sing= 2 = £ coso=2 = 2
2b.
2c.
3.
Step 1: Hypotenuse = r, Opposite = p, Adjacent = q
Step 2: Adjacent/hypotenuse = *, Opposite/hypotenuse
Step 3: Hypotenuse = r, Opposite = q, Adjacent = p
Step 4: Adjacent/hypotenuse =, Opposite/hypotenuse
* Opposite/adjacent
da.
Sina
2
Abi.
sin30° = 3, Cos30° = %,Tan30° = +
Abii.
, Cosas?
5.
oP 45° 90°
Sind 0 1 a
v2
Cos8 1 a 0
2
Tand 0 1 Undefined
5a.
Sin30° = Cos60”
eta
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS. wa
H
Sin? = Cos(90-8)"
6.D
7i. SIN for angle a = z COS for angle a = & TAN for angle a 3
3 4
SIN for angle B ==, COS for angle B = =, TAN for angle f =
5
2
Til, SIN for angle a=, COS for angle a = 72, TAN for angle a= =
rey
3
2
SIN for angle 8 = 2, COS for angle B = <=, TAN for angle B ==
4 3
3 TAN for angle a= 7
Til. SIN for angle a =2, COS for angle a=
SIN for angle B = S COS for angle Bf =2, TAN for angle 8 = 2
24
Tiv. SIN for angle a = 2, COS for angle a = a TAN for angle a=
24
SIN for angle 6 =, COS for angle B =e TAN for angle B = s
8a. 30° Bb. (90° - y)
9.cos 0 =
2
Spatial Processes
1a. meter, cm, km, mm. Ab. P= 21 + 2Wor P= 2[l + W)
2a, m?, cm?, km?, hectare (ha) 2b. A= 1x Wor A= base x perpendicular height
3a. m?, cm’, km? 3b. litres, millilitres, kilolitres, megalitres(10° litres)
3c. V= 1x Wxh or or V= Abse XH
4a. 9 rectangles 4b. 81m? 4c. Square
Be
Length - metres Width - metres ‘Area —square metres
1 1 11
10 2 20
9 3 7
8 4 32
7 5 35
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS “
6 6 36
a. A square has the greatest area for any given perimeter of the rectangle.
6.D 7.25 m? 816m? 9.20m
10. $2000 11. $n°xy 12.276
13a. 140 13b. 100 13¢. 66 cm
14a. 14 steps 14b. 3.5 m 4c. 7.5m
15.80 mby40m 16.90
17a. Base = 70 units, Height = 30 units, Area = 1050 units?
17b. Base = 80 units, Height = 40 units, Area = 1600 units?
18.120 cm? 19.84 cm? 20. 1.2 m*
21.18 m? 22.4 23. 6 sq. units
24a. A=1800cm? 24b. A= 132cm? 2c. A= 90 cm? 24d. A= 153cm?
25a.1:3 25b.1:9
26.6 cm by 12 em
27.4 28. 29.4 30. A BLA 32.D
33.4 %cm?
34. hi =8, ho=7
35a, 44 units 3S. 154 square units 35c. 25cm
35d. 62° 35e. 66”
36a. Circumference = 22 cm, Area = 38.5 cm?
‘36b. Circumference = 17.6 cm, Area = 24.64 cm?
36c. Circumference = 1760 m, Area = 246400 m?
36d. Circumference = 220 cm, Area = 3850 cm?
36e. Circumference = 181 m, Area = 81mm?
36f. Circumference = 361 mm, Area = 1691 mm?
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS ae
37a, A= 115 %cm? 37b. A= 256 2/3 m* 37c. A
38.
= 1796 2/3 cm?
39. 7 packets
40a. 30° 40b. 6°
A1.A
42a, h = 6 + 3V3cm arb. (93 +211) cm?
43.200 44, 360 cm* 45.54 times
47.48 48.32 49.54
Sa. V= 125 cm? Sib. V=343 cm? Sic. V=
52. V = 34561 cm? 53. V= 4560 cm?
54. V = 2520 cm’, T.S.A= 1848 cm?
58a. V = 2700 cm> SSb. V = 91 cm?
56.8 57.C 58. V= 270m? 59.¢
Stacks of Blocks
1.112 blocks
2a. 72 2b. 72 2c. 168 2d. 72
3.8
4a. 10, 300 4b. x= n(n +3) 4c. 154
5a.5 5b. 85 5c.3
6. Stack 1 = 91, Stack 2 = 80, Stack 3 = 68, Stack 4 = 53
7. ‘x’ —cubes with 2 faces painted, ‘o' — cubes with 3 faces painted
8.0
208 mm?
46.%
50.54
270 cm?
60.D
4d. 158 a
H
Question 1 Critical Time of Short Day Plants.
“Short day” plants will only flower if the number of hours of sunlight in the day is fewer than
their “critical time”
“Long day” plants flower either in spring or autumn. They will only flower if the number of
hours of sunlight in the day is greater than their “critical time”
A “long day” plant which has a “critical time” of 13 hours would flower in which months,
according to the graph below?
co
16
* A. January, February and March only.
tere tg B. April, May, June, July, August and
sun 13 September only.
7 €. October, November and December
‘0 only.
>] D. January, February, March, October,
Tases eres nn November and December only.
enth of Year
144
a
107
a4
6 4
a4
24
14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19
Question 2
a) How many students, in this class, were 175 cm tall?
b) What is the height of the tallest students in this class and how many are there?
¢) Do you think this is a co-educational class, or a class of just girls or just boys? Why?
d) Twelve students have a height of cm.
fee ents
‘OR SCHOOL ENTRANCE
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE aa
H
A class took two tests. Test A was given early in the course and Test B towards the end. The
comparative results of these tests are given in the scatter graph below,
‘east of Ppt Pcmance Test Aan Tat 8 Each symbol on the graph shows the scores
achieved in both tests by each of the pupils.
100.
6.
to.
ro So, for example, pupil A scored 60% on Test
TMB Gy Abut only 20% on Test B.
wo
0.
». Pupil C achieved the top mark in Test A.
°
‘> i mm wm wm 70 ww 10
ut aps) Pupil P achieved the top mark in Test B.
Pupil marked D came second in both tests.
Making Comparisons
To find out whether the pupils generally did better in one test or the other use a ruler or
straight edge to draw a line joining marks that are the same on both tests,
e.g. 0 for both, 50 for both, 70 for both ete.
Resuits of Pupil Performance n Test A and Test 8
ene)
Yo a 30 4 & 6 70 60 % 100
Test AI)
The two students above the line achieved higher marks on Test B than in Test A.
‘The eight students below the line achieved higher marks on Test A than on Test B.
An important use of scatter graphs is to show how one set of results relates to another.
ane
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS ae
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Question 3
The PE department has been asked to show whether students in year 8 who do well in
sporting activities do equally well in the sports theory part of the course and vice-versa.
‘Scat Graph Comparing Soring Actes Rests
end Spots Theory Recuts fr PE Students in You 8
poring Acti Rest
Vout of 0)
e
?
é
5
°
3 mw Tw wo Im
‘Sports Theory Resuts
Question 4
Complete the sentences:
A. Student M_ scored much higher on
the
test than he did on
the
sonscenneees COST
B. StudentJ scored much higher on the
.. test than he did on
. test
In an experiment the same number of two different species of insects was placed on a single
plant.
Initially, both species grew in number until their populations became constant. Then one
species died off rapidly.
Which graph shows these results?
“ ®)
umber of nets
umber once
©
Ss
rarer ofa
rumba of inects
ne me
Time
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS a
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HenoeRsons
LINEAR GRAPHS
linear pattern is one in which the points lie in a straight line.
Plot the following points on a Cartesian plane (set of axes on graph paper).
Determine which ones form a linear graph.
Question a.
x 2 0 1 2
y “4 3 2 1 0
b.
x 2 a 0 1 2
Y 8 a 0 1 8
©
x 2 “1 0 1 2
y 3 2 1 0 a
Question 6
Complete each of the following tables then plot the ordered pairs on a number plane.
ay=xt2
x 2 “4 0 1 2
y
b.y=x-5
x 2 “1 0 1 2
y
ey=3x
x 2 “1 0 1 2
i"
eee
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS. ~“
H
SLOPE OR GRADIENT
‘©The gradient (or slope) of a line tells you how steep a line is, and which way itis facing.
‘© The letter “m" is used for gradient.
‘© For the line with the equation y = 2x—2, the slope of the line is 2.
‘+ The slope is always the number multiplied by the x, called the co-efficient
‘© (as long as you have the equation in the “y=” format!)
This is a positive (+ve) gradient. This is a negative (-ve) gradient.
Asteep slope has a gradient greater than 1 _A flatter slope has a gradient less than 1
(eg.2) (ea. 1/2)
Gradient of 0. (zero) Gradient is undefined.
(line parallel to x-axis). {line parallel to y-axis).
Rule is y= Rul
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS se
Calculating Slope or Gradient
When a graph is drawn the line makes a right-angled triangle with the axes (of lines parallel
tothe axes). The gradientis calculated by comparing the vertical height (or rise) of this triangle
with the horizontal length (or run)
risevertes!
So gradient =
So, in this example
e
Gradient (m)=—
fun
2
1
2
Other examples:
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS a
H
from point 2 from point 1
~.
Sometimes itis easier to use the formula. m2 Y2 eas"
2%
_ ae
from point 2 from point 1
y
Point 1 4
difference
between
y, andy, x
XV) Point 2
I
RUN
difference between
xg and x,
Example
y
(4,7)
x _8
mz
(3,4)
(eee
GIVING YOU THE ADVANTAGE FOR SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMS.
