Lawsuit Against Noah's Ark Animal Sanctuary

Case 1:23-cv-02557-AT Document 1 Filed 06/07/23 Page 1 of 22
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR

THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF GEORGIA
OUTREACH FOR ANIMALS, INC. AND DR.

KAREN THOMAS,
Plaintiffs,
v.
Civ. No. _____________________
NOAH’S ARK ANIMAL REHABILITATION
CENTER & SANCTUARY, INC., GLENN
ROSS, DR. MICHELLE LAKLY,
Defendants.
COMPLAINT FOR DECLARATORY AND

INJUNCTIVE RELIEF
1. This is a citizen suit, brought by Outreach for Animals, Inc. (“OFA”) and Dr. Karen
Thomas (“Thomas”) (collectively “Plaintiffs”) pursuant to Section 11(g)(1)(A) of the
Endangered Species Act (“ESA”), 16 U.S.C. § 1540(g), to address ongoing violations of the
ESA and its implementing regulations arising out of the operation of Noah’s Ark Animal
Rehabilitation Center & Sanctuary, Inc. (“Noah’s Ark”), a Georgia nonprofit corporation;
Chairman Glenn Ross (“Ross”); and Dr. Michelle Lakly, PhD, President (“Lakly”)
(collectively “Defendants”), located in Locust Grove, Henry County, Georgia.
2. Noah’s Ark operates an unaccredited roadside menagerie in Locust Grove, Georgia.
Based upon the most recent publicly available animal inventory, Noah’s Ark houses at least
fifty-nine (59) animals, including thirty-one (31) ESA-protected animals (collectively, “the
protected animals”).
3. Plaintiffs bring suit against Defendants for “taking” protected animals in violation
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of the ESA and its implementing regulations based on the improper care and unsafe and
unsanitary conditions provided for five tigers, one lion, two spider monkeys, one Lar gibbon,
one Lar gibbon-Siamang hybrid, five military macaws, four scarlet macaws, one yellow-
crested cockatoo, eight white cockatoos, two salmon-crested cockatoos, and one grizzly bear
housed at Noah’s Ark. Documentation, including an Official Warning and citations for critical
and repeat violations of the Animal Welfare Act (AWA), demonstrate that Defendants are
depriving ESA-protected species of adequate veterinary care, forcing them to eat contaminated
food, and depriving them of safe and sanitary living conditions. These failures violate the ESA.
4. These practices “harm” and “harass” the protected animals in violation of the ESA’s
“take” prohibition by causing them death, pain, hunger, and discomfort in unsanitary
conditions; exposing them to a high risk of illness and injury; failing to provide them adequate
veterinary care; distressing them; preventing them from carrying out their natural behaviors;
impairing their mental development; and depriving them of proper environmental enrichment
and psychological stimulation.
JURISDICTION AND VENUE
5. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to Section 11(g) of the ESA, 16
U.S.C. § 1540(g), and 28 U.S.C. § 1331.
6. Plaintiffs provided notice of intent to sue Defendants on Wednesday, March 22,
2023, at least sixty days in advance of the filing of this Complaint, as required by the
ESA. 16 U.S.C. § 1540(g)(2)(A)(i). Plaintiffs mailed to Defendants, the Secretary of the
Interior, and the Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (“FWS”) a notice of violation
and intent to file suit (“Notice of Intent”), attached hereto and incorporated herein as Exhibit
A. More than sixty days have passed since the Notice of Intent was served on Defendants and
these agencies.
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7. Defendants have not remedied the violations set out in the Notice of Intent.
8. The Secretary of the Interior has not commenced an action against Defendants to
impose a penalty pursuant to the ESA or its implementing regulations, and the United States
has not commenced a criminal prosecution against Defendants to redress a violation of the
ESA or its implementing regulations.
9. Venue is appropriate in the Northern District of Georgia, pursuant to 16 U.S.C. §
1540(g)(3)(A), because the violations of the ESA set forth herein occurred, and continue to
occur, within this judicial district.
PARTIES
10. Plaintiff Outreach for Animals, Inc., is an Ohio nonprofit corporation and animal
protection charity pursuant to Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, with its
headquarters located in Dayton, Ohio.
11. Plaintiff Dr. Karen Thomas was associated with Noah’s Ark; she served as the
USDA-APHIS designated Attending Veterinarian for the animals sanctuaried at the Noah’s
Ark facility for decades until terminated by Defendants.
12. Dr. Karen Thomas derives person, recreational, education and aesthetic benefits
from being in the presence of animals and observing animals in humane conditions. In addition
to her professional training as a veterinarian, she has a personal interest in animals and the
humane treatment of same. It is her affinity for animals that lead her to train as a healer for
same.
13. Early in her association with Noah’s Ark, before she was formally employed by
Noah’s Ark, Dr. Thomas treated the animals who were rescued there. She routinely neutered,
spayed and treated the rescued animals for free.
14. Dr. Thomas, not initially trained to treat “exotic animals”, developed an expertise
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in several different species of animals that found home at Noah’s Ark. She learned to deal
with the health and dietary issues unique to some of the animals residing at Noah’s Ark. She
was responsible not only for caring for the animals when they fell ill, but also for overseeing
their general health.
15. Karen Thomas also developed close personal relationships with the animals at
Noah’s Ark. She had frequent contact with the animals housed at Noah’s Ark. Over the many
years that she had contact with these animals (including all of the animals that are the subject
of this suit), she learned the individual personalities of the animals.
16. Beginning with the installation of the new management of Noah’s Ark, Karen
Thomas began to become concerned with the conditions surrounding her patients and animal
friends. The new management, especially Glenn Ross and Michelle Lakly, prevented Dr.
Thomas from providing proper care for the animals, disregarded her professional advice related
to care and feeding of the animals and prevented her from attending to those animals.
17. Karen Thomas experienced distress and anguish as a result of her observation of
animals held in unhealthy, inhumane and harmful conditions; some of these animals engaged
in abnormal behaviors that indicated they were in psychological distress. The conditions under
which the animals were kept at Noah’s Ark seriously impaired her aesthetic enjoyment of the
animals.
18. Karen Thomas personally observed the consequences of the failure to provide the
proper care and food to the animals she had come to love. Those consequences, in the form of
inhumane conditions and deteriorating health (and sometimes death) of those animals is
described in greater detail below.
19. Because she appreciates and is attached to the particular animals at Noah’s Ark and
is concerned about their welfare, Karen Thomas wishes to see the animals in a healthy
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environment and to avoid seeing them in inhumane, harmful conditions. Defendants’
confinement of the animals in inhumane conditions harms Karen Thomas’ aesthetic,
recreational, educational and personal interest in enjoying seeing the animals in humane, safe
and psychologically enriching conditions. She is disturbed by Defendants’ enclosures and lack
of care for animals at Noah’s Ark. In additional, based on her experience as a veterinarian, Dr.
Thomas is concerned about both the animal and human injury and illness including without
limitation, the public safety risks from the uncontrolled virus outbreak, inadequate enclosure
fencing, and poorly controlled interaction between humans and animals.
20. Karen Thomas continues to monitor conditions at Noah’s Ark. She was extremely
upset when she watched the recent videos detailing the inhumane conditions at Noah’s Ark.
21. Karen Thomas would like to observe and visit the animals currently at Noah’s Ark.
If the animals were transferred to a sanctuary or other place where they were no longer
mistreated and where they lived in humane conditions, Karen Thomas would visit them.
22. Plaintiff OFA is dedicated to protecting animals, including animals used in
entertainment, from abuse, neglect, and cruelty. OFA’s goal is to “continue to be the number
one advocate for proper behavior around wildlife by bringing greater understanding of wildlife
to the general public through a national presence with lectures, programs, educational
materials, and experience.” OFA is always committed to acting as the goodwill ambassador
and liaison between humans and animals.
23. To achieve its objectives of ending the abuse and neglect of animals subjected to
human contact, OFA uses public education, cruelty investigation, research, animal rescue,
legislation, special events, celebrity involvement, protest campaigns, and lawsuits to enforce
laws enacted to protect animals. It brings this suit on its own behalf to protect its organizational
resources.
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24. By unlawfully harming and harassing endangered species, Defendants directly
frustrate OFA’s mission to eliminate the use and abuse of animals by improper behavior of
humans. Unlawfully harming and harassing endangered species increases the acceptability of
poor human behavior, subjecting animals to more abuse and neglect. If OFA prevails in this
action, Defendants will no longer be able to maintain endangered species in unlawful
conditions, and their use and abuse of endangered species will come to an end.
25. Continuing to harm and harass the endangered tigers at Noah’s Ark without
repercussion under the ESA also creates the incorrect public impression that Defendants —
and, more generally, similar non-GFAS accredited sanctuaries — are engaged in conduct that
is consistent with animal welfare. Defendants’ conduct is not acceptable, not consistent with
animal welfare, and constitutes animal abuse, mistreatment or neglect. This public
misimpression is amplified by the media attention everything is under control at Noah’s Ark
because of the new leadership’s direction, which is a total farce. This frustrates OFA’s mission
by making it harder to persuade the public that it should not tolerate the unsanitary conditions
and abusive actions towards animals at Noah’s Ark. If OFA prevails in this action, (a) OFA
will not have to counteract the misimpression, and (b) it will be easier for OFA to educate the
public that Defendants’ practices are inconsistent with the ESA and animal welfare.
26. The considerable media attention that Noah’s Ark remains operational without
repercussions from anything more than warnings from the federal, state, and local agencies
creates significant incentives for other facilities to start skirting the regulations that are meant
to protect both humans and animals. This frustrates OFA’s mission by showing a lack of
enforcement which creates the impression that the laws will not be enforced or facilities are
able to cut corners since there will be less likelihood of prosecution. If OFA prevails in this
action, other facilities will be discouraged from violating the regulations protecting
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endangered species and the safety of human beings and those same animals.
27. OFA also regularly conducts investigations, helps prosecute, and provides
education and community talks about rescuing animals from inhumane and abusive situations,
and rehoming them to reputable facilities. Since 2001, OFA has operated as a nonprofit
organization carrying out its charitable purpose but also completing the required executive and
administrative corporate work.
28. OFA’s mission was impaired by Defendants’ abuse and neglect of endangered
species at the Noah’s Ark facility in Georgia. OFA’s President, Tim Harrison, was dispatched
to investigate Defendants’ new leadership in charge of the animals and facility. While
investigating Defendants for violations of federal, state, and local animal welfare laws, OFA
incurred many losses, diverting its resources from the charitable and educational budgets to an
investigation and pursuit of civil enforcement.
29. Tim Harrison, OFA’s President, was absent from its June 2022 Board Meeting,
disrupting and diverting OFA’s time, business, and other resources. Between July 28, 2022
and August 1, 2022, OFA diverted resources from educating the public about proper behavior
around animals to conduct a safety concern and sanctuary walkthrough of Noah’s Ark’s facility
and a safety check of its animals. OFA’s resources were expended in time taken on Zoom call
meetings on August 3, 2022 and August 16, 2022 regarding the safety concerns and conditions
of Noah’s Ark and its animals.
30. On October 19 and 20, 2022, OFA was required to expend resources and divert
them in order to participate as an expert witness in a Georgia state action for a temporary
restraining order and a preliminary injunction.
31. In April of 2023, OFA produced and created content for videos regarding
investigations into the safety concerns and checks on big cats, primates, parrots and a bear at
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Noah’s Ark’s facility. The resources that were to be used for public education are now being
used for documentation of violations of the Endangered Species Act.
32. By Defendants engaging in a regular disregard for the safety and welfare of
endangered species at the Noah’s Ark facility, OFA must continue to divert resources to
combat the negative impressions.
33. As a result, Plaintiff OFA have been forced to divert resources to counteract
Defendants’ unlawful activities. OFA has been forced to divert these resources from its other
animal rescue, cruelty investigation, advocacy, and education projects.
34. If Plaintiff OFA does not prevail in this action, Noah’s Ark and other exhibitors
will be encouraged by Noah’s Ark ability to cut corners in violation of the regulations, and
Plaintiff OFA will have to continue to divert resources to counteract Defendants’ unlawful
activities.
35. Again, continuing to harm and harass the endangered animals at Noah’s Ark
without repercussion under the ESA creates the incorrect public impression that Defendants—
and, more generally, similar animal sanctuaries — may:
a. abuse, neglect, and mistreat ESA-protected animals;
b. deprive tigers and a lion of veterinary care and adequate nutrition;
c. feed tigers contaminated food;
d. force tigers and protected bears to live in unsanitary conditions;
e. fail to prevent tigers and a lion from exposure to potentially deadly avian
influenza virus;
f. force nonhuman primates and tigers to live in unsafe and unsecure enclosures;
g. fail to protect ESA-listed psittacines from a high infection risk from a highly
pathogenic avian influenza;

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h. fail to provide adequate staffing and care for ESA-protected animals;
i. physically abuse a spider monkey; and
j. fail to have an adequate program of veterinary care for ESA-protected animals.
36. This impairs Plaintiff OFA’s activities by making it harder for Plaintiff OFA to
educate the public that the conditions at facilities like Noah’s Ark, in fact, harm and harass
endangered animals.
37. If Plaintiff OFA prevails in this action, the public will learn that Defendants’
practices are inconsistent with the ESA and animal welfare, and Plaintiff OFA will no longer
have to divert resources to investigate abuse and neglect of endangered species, cruelty
investigations, educating the public, and to counteract the incorrect public impression caused
by Defendants’ unlawful acts.
38. Plaintiffs’ additional efforts and the resulting expenditures would not be necessary
but for Defendants’ unlawful taking of endangered animals.
39. Defendant Noah’s Ark Animal Rehabilitation Center & Sanctuary, Inc. (“Noah’s
Ark”), is a Georgia nonprofit corporation with its headquarters in Locust Grove, Georgia.
40. Defendant Glenn Ross is the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Noah’s Ark.
He is a resident of the state of Georgia, over the age of 18, and resides at 2495 King’s Arm
Point, Atlanta, Georgia 30345.
41. Dr. Michelle Lakly is the President of Noah’s Ark. She is a resident of the state of
Georgia, over the age of 18, and resides at 386 Pylant Street, Senoia, Georgia 30276.
STATUTORY BACKGROUND
42. The ESA defines an “endangered species” as “any species which is in danger of
extinction.” 16 U.S.C. § 1532(6).
43. Section 9 of the ESA prohibits the “take” of any endangered species. Id.
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§ 1538(a)(1)(B).
44. The ESA defines the term “take” to include “harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot,
wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct.” 16 U.S.C.
§ 1532(19). The term “harm” includes an act which “kills or injures” an endangered or
threatened animal. 50 C.F.R. § 17.3. The term “harass” includes an “intentional or negligent
act or omission which creates the likelihood of injury [to an endangered animal] by annoying
[her] to such an extent as to significantly disrupt normal behavioral patterns which include, but
are not limited to, breeding, feeding, or sheltering.” Id.
45. Under the ESA, it is unlawful to possess any endangered species that has been
unlawfully taken in violation of Section 9(a)(1)(B). 16 U.S.C. § 1538(a)(1)(D).
46. The ESA’s prohibitions apply to endangered animals held in captivity as well as
those in the wild. See, e.g., 78 FR 33790, 33792 (June 5, 2013) (“The Act does not allow for
captive-held animals to be assigned separate legal status from their wild counterparts on the
basis of captive state.”).
47. The ESA authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to issue a permit for any act that
is otherwise prohibited by 16 U.S.C. § 1538, but only if such act is “for scientific purposes or
to enhance the propagation or survival of the affected species.” 16 U.S.C. § 1539(a)(1)(A).
48. The ESA allows citizens to bring suit to enjoin “any person who is alleged to
be in violation” of the “take” provisions of the statute. 16 U.S.C. § 1540(g)(1)(A).
FACTUAL BACKGROUND
49. Noah’s Ark operates an unaccredited roadside menagerie in Locust Grove, Georgia.
Based upon the most recent publicly available animal inventory, Noah’s Ark houses at least
fifty-nine (59) animals, including thirty-one (31) ESA-protected animals (collectively, “the
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protected animals”): Five (5) tigers; One (1) lion; Two (2) spider monkeys; One (1) Lar gibbon;
One (1) Lar gibbon-Siamang hybrid; Five (5) military macaws; Four (4) scarlet macaws; One
(1) yellow-crested cockatoo; Eight (8) white cockatoos; Two (2) salmon-crested cockatoos; and
One (1) grizzly bear.
50. Noah’s Ark has been embroiled in litigation and controversy over the adequacy of
its new leadership and board of directors for nearly a year and has been the subject of a Georgia
Department of Natural Resources investigation due to an outbreak of Avian influenza at Noah's
Ark in 2022; There was also an investigation by the Georgia Department of Agriculture.
51. Amid changes in leadership, confusion about staffing and veterinary care, at least
one serious injury happened to an untrained employee while giving medicine to a bear, and
former employees complaining of unsafe working conditions, the tigers, lion, and other
federally-protected animals have been left to languish without veterinary care, forced to live in
substandard and unsanitary conditions, deprived of adequate enrichment, recklessly exposed
to Avian influenza which is known to be transmissible to big cats and can indeed be fatal to
them, and forced to eat contaminated food. These conditions constitute illegal takes of the
protected animals in violation of Section 9 of the ESA.
52. Section 9’s “take” prohibitions apply to all members of the listed species, whether
living in captivity or the wild. FWS regulations under the ESA underscore that “the [ESA]
applies to both wild and captive populations of a species” and federal courts have repeatedly
applied the ESA’s take provision against numerous roadside zoos that have subjected tigers,
lions, and other protected species to substandard care that is substantially similar to the
documented conditions at Noah’s Ark.
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DEFENDANTS’ ESA VIOLATIONS
A. DEFENDANTS HARM AND HARASS PROTECTED SPECIES BY DEPRIVING THEM OF

VETERINARY CARE AND ADEQUATE NUTRITION.
53. On September 15, 2022, USDA Veterinary Medical Officer (VMO) Dr. Stephanie
Mayard and VMO Dr. Kurt Hammel inspected Noah’s Ark and cited the facility for violations
of ten different AWA regulations. Dr. Mayard notes in the inspection report that Noah’s Ark
was not providing Sheila the tiger with ongoing veterinary monitoring of arthritis and gait
deficits. Dr. Mayard noted that Noah’s Ark “has failed to provide APHIS officials with
required information per the regulations as to who their attending veterinarian is. There are
several animals that have pre-existing or new conditions needing care or ongoing monitoring.”
54. Dr. Mayard further noted that “[r]eliable and consistent veterinary care cannot be
guaranteed” under the circumstances at Noah’s Ark and documented disagreement between
board members about whether the facility still even had an attending veterinarian. As the
report notes: “At least two members of the board at the head of the facility believe the previous
attending veterinarian continues to have authority over the care of the animals. At least three
other members believe the previous attending veterinarian no longer holds that position. When
asked, the previous attending veterinarian was not sure either if she still held the position and
described situations over the last month, [sic] where she encountered resistance as well as
interference from the facility in allowing her to visit the grounds and care for the animals.”
55. On December 15, 2022, VMO Stephanie Mayard returned to Noah’s Ark with
VMO Dr. Madeline Anna and documented that the tiger Sheila had lesions on her left hind
limb that had not been treated. Dr. Mayard also documented Sheila’s ongoing gait deficits and
difficulty walking. Dr. Mayard noted that “A facility representative and the attending
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veterinarian have both expressed experiencing a lack of responsiveness from the other on
aspects relating to animal care” and that Noah’s Ark’s lack of critical communication with the
attending veterinarian and “a more rigorous and effective mechanism of direct and frequent
communication must be established so that timely and accurate information on problems of
animal health, behavior, and well-being is conveyed to the attending veterinarian.”
56. Dr. Mayard also noted that Noah’s Ark was feeding tigers and lions in a way that
was not reviewed or approved by the attending veterinarian. Noah’s Ark had failed to engage
the attending veterinarian in approval of the dietary composition or supplements fed to “any of
the wild cats housed at the facility.” Dr. Mayard further noted that “the facility is underdosing
the wild cats” with the carnivore supplement that provides big cats with calcium and other
important nutrients. The inspector noted that the tiger Sheila is “being given less than half the
required amount of supplement even though she is being given a bone-less diet …. This
supplement is the main source of calcium for Sheila, yet she is being given a severely low dose
for her requirements. The bone content in the diet as well as the amount of supplement added
for each animal was not discussed with or approved by the attending veterinarian.”
57. Courts have ruled that depriving ESA-protected species of adequate veterinary
care, including by failing to ensure services of a veterinarian with sufficient training or
experience for each species, and deprivation of adequate nutrition, harms and harasses them
and constitutes an illegal take in violation of the ESA.
B. DEFENDANTS HARM AND HARASS TIGERS BY FEEDING THEM CONTAMINATED

FOOD.
58. On September 15, 2022, USDA VMO Stephanie Mayard observed Sheila the tiger
eating pieces of raw meat “completely covered in ants. Many flies were also seen laying on
top of the raw meat. The contaminated meat was the only source of food for this tiger at the
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time.” The inspector further noted that “eating contaminated food could result in illness and
may compromise the health of the animals.”
59. Depriving protected species of adequate nutrition and forcing them to eat
contaminated food has been interpreted as “appalling cruelty” and constitutes an illegal take in
violation of the ESA.
C. DEFENDANTS HARM AND HARASS TIGERS AND A BEAR BY FORCING THEM TO

LIVE IN UNSANITARY CONDITIONS.
60. The critical violation of the AWA issued to Noah’s Ark on September 15, 2022,
further noted that “the den for the tiger Sheila contained a large amount of soiled straw bedding.
The center of the den was black in color …Per a facility representative, the dens for the tigers
and bears have not been cleaned out since they are awaiting an order of straw….”
61. The USDA inspector noted that “failure to adequately clean the dens and remove
soiled bedding within, [sic] may result in animal reluctance to enter the shelter during
inclement weather. Animals encountering soiled bedding could also result in coat
contamination as well as skin irritation.”
62. Forcing protected species to live in unsanitary conditions is an illegal take in
D. DEFENDANTS HARM AND HARASS NONHUMAN PRIMATES AND TIGERS BY

FORCING THEM TO LIVE IN POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS
63. During the September 15, 2022, inspection, Dr Stephanie Mayard noted exposed
containers of disinfectant and detergent on shelving that did not have doors or a cabinet for
enclosed storage. As noted in the inspection report, such substances can be toxic or harmful if
animals are exposed to them.
64. Without enclosed storage, there are insufficient means to prevent a chemical spill
from coming into contact with the animals. This is the same kitchen/primate indoor housing
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area that nonhuman primates later escaped into. A photo taken from December 28, 2022, while
those escaped primates were in the kitchen area, clearly shows a capuchin monkey chewing a
container and a spider monkey with its back turned to the camera.
65. On December 15, 2022, USDA VMO Dr. Stephanie Mayard noted that enclosures
for tigers are in substantial disrepair such that downed trees, overgrowth, and damaged fencing
“presents a safety risk to the animals within the facility” because the facility has failed to
adequately hold animals or maintain enclosures in good repair to “keep unauthorized persons
out.”
66. Failing to maintain the premises and enclosures in good repair and in such a way
that animals are protected from unsafe conditions harms and harasses the protected species in
E. DEFENDANTS HARM AND HARASS ESA-LISTED PSITTACINES BY FAILING TO

MITIGATE A HIGH INFECTION RISK FROM HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN
INFLUENZA.
67. The U.S. is experiencing the worst outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza
in history. This current outbreak has been confirmed in over 784 commercial flocks in 47 states,
involving 58.49 million birds across the US (as of 3.6.2023). The current outbreak is also
showing an unprecedented predisposition to move between birds and mammals, with 17
species of wild mammal having confirmed cases in the US from this outbreak, including bears
and tigers.
68. Avian influenza is a high-risk virus, causing 100% mortality in some species of
birds. The current outbreak is caused by the Eurasian strain of H5N1 Influenza. H5N1
Influenza has been identified in parrots. Noah’s Ark had a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
Management Plan in place prior to the August 2022 outbreak that was based upon
recommendations from USDA-APHIS for management of this virus in captive wild birds.
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69. Noah’s Ark president Shelly Lakly suspended Animal Husbandry Manager Allison
Hedgecoth on August 7, 2022, as the first vultures were noted as dying on August 8, 2022,
removing the person most familiar with protocols and in direct communication with the
attending veterinarian for a disease outbreak such as this. Instead of taking immediate action,
over 700 wild vultures died at Noah’s Ark risking infection to all animals, including parrots,
big cats, primates, and the grizzly bear, from exposure to feces, dying birds, and carcasses that
were left to rot by President Lakly. This is despite guidelines from the Georgia Department of
Agriculture (GDA) to immediately report sick birds.
70. This failure to act swiftly and efficiently at the initial signs of an avian influenza
outbreak also resulted in a mandatory depopulation of over 100 birds and a months long
quarantine by the Georgia Department of Agriculture as a means of trying to control the
outbreak.
71. The reckless, cavalier behavior of the current Noah’s Ark management has towards
the risks associated with avian influenza harasses the protected species in violation of the ESA
take prohibition.
F. DEFENDANTS HARM AND HARASS PROTECTED PSITTACINES BY FAILING TO MEET

THEIR UNIQUE CLIMATIC NEEDS.
72. Noah’s Ark specifically houses 4 scarlet macaws, 5 military macaws, 8 white
cockatoos, 2 salmon crested cockatoos and 1 lesser sulfur crested cockatoo. Each of these
animals are ESA protected birds. Parrot escapes occurred while under GDA quarantine, risking
a higher level of avian influenza exposure for these birds. A female scarlet macaw remains
unaccounted for as Dr. Thomas was terminated while attempting to count birds 3 days after
the tornados in January 2023.
73. Additionally, these birds were not provided adequate protection from the wind and
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weather or supplemental heat as temperatures dropped below 50 degrees during the winter
months to ensure their health and well-being. This failure to provide adequate shelter includes
an especially severe time of inadequate shelter and heat during record cold temperatures.
Failure to provide appropriate protection from the elements and cold weather led to the death
of at least 13 parrots during a three day extremely cold period in December 2022.
74. ESA-protected birds were forced to endure the same cruel conditions as those who
died. Subjecting protected species to inadequate shelter from the elements, extreme
temperatures, and inclement weather harms and harasses them in violation of the ESA.
G. DEFENDANTS HARM AND HARASS PROTECTED BIG CATS, BEAR, AND PRIMATES
BY FAILING TO TAKE ADEQUATE PRECAUTIONS TO PROTECT THEM FROM AN
OUTBREAK OF AVIAN INFLUENZA.
75. It is widely known that numerous cases of avian flu have been documented in big
cats and bears in the U.S. and that avian flu is also transmissible to nonhuman primates.
76. On September 15, 2022, the USDA cited Noah’s Ark for ten AWA violations,
including a critical violation of the AWA for the facility’s failure to remove “remnants of
decomposed vulture carcasses” from the enclosure for the tiger Doc and noted that, at the time,
the facility “was experiencing an outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza which caused
the death of the vultures.” The USDA inspector noted that “failing to remove the carcasses
from the enclosures does increase the risk of disease transmission to the tiger … which could
significantly negatively impact their well-being.”
77. On November 9, 2022, the USDA initiated AWA enforcement action against
Noah’s Ark in the form of an Official Warning for failure to remove and dispose of “animal
and food wastes, bedding, dead animals, trash, and debris.” The official warning noted that
providing a sanitary environment for the animals is necessary to “minimize vermin infestation,
odors, and disease hazards.”

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78. Noah’s Ark’s documented unsanitary conditions and failures to take adequate
precautions to prevent exposure to avian flu necessarily harms and harasses all of the protected
big cats, bear, primates, and birds at the facility. Indeed, exposing ESA-protected animals to
unsanitary conditions and a “high degree of infection risk” from potentially fatal infectious
diseases harms and harasses them in violation of the ESA.
H. DEFENDANTS HARM AND HARASS ESA-PROTECTED ANIMALS BY PROVIDING

WOEFULLY INADEQUATE STAFFING AND CARE.
79. Animal care, including the care of the primates, was noted in the September 15,
2022 USDA inspection report as “being carried out by 3 new employees hired approximately
2 months before the inspection. A facility representative pointed out the assistant director as
the supervisor for these individuals. When asked, the assistant director was not aware of this
responsibility. Without adequate supervision, the new employees may not receive proper
training and guidance on how to care for the animals.”
80. The employees who provide husbandry practices and care, or handle nonhuman
primates, must be trained and supervised by an individual who has the knowledge, background,
and experience in proper husbandry and care of nonhuman primates to supervise others. A
fundamental lack of required staffing and staff training was again noted in the December 2022
USDA inspection: “It is the facility’s responsibility to adequately train their employees and
assess their qualifications before allowing them to conduct any task especially those involving
animal interaction. The facility must ensure that there is enough adequately trained employees
to maintain an acceptable level of husbandry practices while under the supervision of someone
with a background in animal care.”
81. Inadequate staffing for complex animals like the protected species of nonhuman
primates who are housed at Noah’s Ark is particularly problematic during an infectious disease
18
outbreak. Adequate care under these circumstances calls for steps to protect the nonhuman
primates from exposure to infected wild birds and bird feces, preventing and mitigating
transmission between potentially infected nonhuman primates, rapid identification of clinical
signs and rapid management of clinical disease if a nonhuman primate becomes infected, while
also protecting the humans providing care from infection.
82. Failure to ensure consistent care by an adequate number of appropriately trained
individuals with specific knowledge of the species housed at Noah’s Ark harms and harasses
the protected animals and constitutes an illegal take in violation of the ESA.
I. DEFENDANTS HARMED AND HARASSED A SPIDER MONKEY BY PHYSICALLY

ABUSING HIM AND DENYING HIM POST-ABUSE VETERINARY ATTENTION.
83. Noah’s Ark’s current Vice President and Director of Operations Jay Allen grabbed
a 35- year-old spider monkey named Clark Gable, slammed the ESA-protected animal onto the
floor, then tossed Clark Gable into an enclosure in an apparent fit of anger following the
primate’s escape into a food prep area.
84. The attending veterinarian was not contacted about this event, denying veterinary
care to this ESA-protected monkey.
85. Physical violence and abuse of the geriatric ESA- protected primate, and
subsequent denial of veterinary attention, constitutes illegal harm and harassment of Clark
Gable in violation of the ESA.
J. DEFENDANTS HARM AND HARASS PROTECTED ANIMALS BY FAILING TO HAVE AN

ADEQUATE PROGRAM OF VETERINARY CARE.
86. Dr. Karen Thomas served as the USDA-APHIS designated Attending Veterinarian
for decades, until Vice President and Director of Operations Jay Allen fired her while she was
attempting to count birds after the tornados in January 2023. Dr. Thomas worked with a team
of veterinarians, including Dr. Jack Kottwitz who served as a consulting veterinarian from
19
2014 to 2022. On August 9, 2022, Dr. Shelly Lakly misinformed Dr. Kottwitz via telephone
call that Dr. Thomas had “quit” as the attending veterinarian at Noah’s Ark.
87. On Wednesday, August 9, 2022, Dr. Thomas was “voted off” the board of directors
and prevented from entering Noah’s Ark. These were the beginning days of the Avian
Influenza outbreak, preventing the initial response and veterinary care needed to mitigate the
disease outbreak. The USDA-APHIS inspection on September 15, 2022, showed continued
confusion under Dr. Shelly Lakly as to who the attending veterinarian for Noah’s Ark was,
despite Dr. Thomas continuing to try to provide veterinary care however possible.
88. Dr. Thomas was confirmed as the Attending Veterinarian/Veterinarian of Record
by Dr. Shelly Lakly via email on October 4, 2022, yet an ongoing pattern of refusal to answer
emails requesting new staff names, training, experience and providing necessary staffing for
providing medical care continued through January, 2023.
89. While holding out Dr. Karen Thomas as the attending veterinarian despite not
having re-hired her, Dr. Shelly Lakly continued to use other veterinarians at her whim, while
failing to inform or consult with Dr. Thomas as the attending veterinarian. Requirements such
as updating emergency and contingency plans as staffing changed, and changes in the diets of
the animals, were made without the attending veterinarian’s knowledge or approval.
90. Failure to have a consistent program of veterinary care provided by veterinarians
with adequate knowledge and experience with the species constitutes an illegal take in violation
of the ESA.
CLAIMS FOR RELIEF
COUNT ONE: UNLAWFUL TAKE OF ESA-PROTECTED ANIMALS
91. The allegations set forth in the preceding paragraphs are hereby realleged and
incorporated by reference herein.

20
92. Defendants’ ongoing practices of: depriving tigers and a lion of veterinary care and
adequate nutrition; feeding tigers contaminated food; forcing tigers and bears to live in
unsanitary condition; failing to prevent tigers, a lion, and a bear from exposure to potentially
deadly avian influenza virus; forcing nonhuman primates and tigers to live in unsafe and
unsecure enclosures; failing to protect ESA-listed psittacines from a high infection risk from
highly pathogenic avian influenza; failing to provide care to protected psittacines from a high
infection risk from highly pathogenic avian influenza; failing to provide adequate staffing and
care for ESA-protected animals; physically abusing a spider monkey; and failing to have an
adequate program of veterinary care in general harms and harasses protected species of big
cats, birds, nonhuman primates, and a bear and violates the “take” prohibition of Section
9 of the ESA, 16 U.S.C. § 1538(a)(1)(B).
93. Pursuant to 16 U.S.C. § 1540(g)(1)(A), this Court has the authority to issue an
injunction prohibiting Defendants from further violating 16 U.S.C. § 1538(a)(1)(B), and
ordering them to relinquish possession of the protected animals to a reputable sanctuary.
COUNT TWO:
UNLAWFUL POSSESSION OF TAKEN PROTECTED ANIMALS
94. The allegations set forth in the preceding paragraphs are hereby realleged and
incorporated by reference herein.
95. Defendants’ continued possession of the protected animals in its custody, who have
been taken as set forth above, constitutes a violation of 16 U.S.C. § 1538(a)(1)(D).
96. Pursuant to 16 U.S.C. § 1540(g)(1)(A), this Court has the authority to issue an
injunction prohibiting Defendants from further violating 16 U.S.C. § 1538(a)(1)(D) and
ordering them to relinquish possession of the protected animals to a reputable sanctuary.
21
RELIEF REQUESTED
WHEREFORE, Plaintiffs respectfully request that the Court grant the following relief:
a. Enter a declaratory judgment that Defendants’ treatment of protected animals violates
the ESA’s prohibition on the “take” of an endangered species set forth in 16 U.S.C.§
1538(a)(1)(B) and corresponding regulations;
b. Enter a declaratory judgment that Defendants have violated and continue to violate
16 U.S.C. § 1538(a)(1)(D) and corresponding regulations by continuing to abuse,
neglect and mistreat ESA-protected animals;
c. Enjoin Defendants pursuant to 16 U.S.C. § 1540(g)(1)(A) from continuing to violate
the ESA and its implementing regulations with respect to endangered animals;
d. Enjoin Defendants from owning or possessing any endangered species in the future;
e. Appoint a special master or guardian ad litem to determine the most appropriate
placement for the forfeited animals, consistent with the animals’ best interests, at
wildlife sanctuaries that are accredited by the Global Federation of Animal
Sanctuaries or are otherwise reputable and that will provide animals adequate care
based on their unique species-specific needs;
f. Award Plaintiffs their reasonable attorneys’ and expert fees and costs for this action;
g. Grant such other and further relief as the Court deems just and proper.
/s/Richard D.C. Schrade Jr.

Richard D.C. Schrade, Jr.
Georgia Bar No. 629779
146 Atlanta Street

McDonough, Georgia 30253
770.898.2723
[email protected]
22
AT 893 16:1538Page 1 of 2
Case 1:23-cv-02557-AT Document 1-1 Filed 06/07/23
JS44 (Rev. 10/2020 NDGA) CIVIL COVER SHEET
The JS44 civil cover sheet and the information contained herein neither replace nor supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, except as provided by
local rules of court. This form is required for the use of the Clerk of Court for the purpose of initiating the civil docket record. (SEE INSTRUCTIONS ATTACHED)
I. (a) PLAINTIFF(S) DEFENDANT(S)
(b) COUNTY OF RESIDENCE OF FIRST LISTED COUNTY OF RESIDENCE OF FIRST LISTED

PLAINTIFF DEFENDANT
(EXCEPT IN U.S. PLAINTIFF CASES) (IN U.S. PLAINTIFF CASES ONLY)
NOTE: IN LAND CONDEMNATION CASES, USE THE LOCATION OF THE TRACT OF LAND
INVOLVED
(c) ATTORNEYS (FIRM NAME, ADDRESS, TELEPHONE NUMBER, AND ATTORNEYS (IF KNOWN)
E-MAIL ADDRESS)
II. BASIS OF JURISDICTION III. CITIZENSHIP OF PRINCIPAL PARTIES

(PLACE AN “X” IN ONE BOX ONLY) (PLACE AN “X” IN ONE BOX FOR PLAINTIFF AND ONE BOX FOR DEFENDANT)
(FOR DIVERSITY CASES ONLY)
PLF DEF PLF DEF
1 U.S. GOVERNMENT 3 FEDERAL QUESTION 1 1 CITIZEN OF THIS STATE 4 4 INCORPORATED OR PRINCIPAL

PLAINTIFF (U.S. GOVERNMENT NOT A PARTY) PLACE OF BUSINESS IN THIS STATE
2 U.S. GOVERNMENT 4 DIVERSITY 2 2 CITIZEN OF ANOTHER STATE 5 5 INCORPORATED AND PRINCIPAL

DEFENDANT (INDICATE CITIZENSHIP OF PARTIES PLACE OF BUSINESS IN ANOTHER STATE
IN ITEM III)
3 3 CITIZEN OR SUBJECT OF A 6 6 FOREIGN NATION
FOREIGN COUNTRY
IV. ORIGIN (PLACE AN “X “IN ONE BOX ONLY)

TRANSFERRED FROM MULTIDISTRICT APPEAL TO DISTRICT JUDGE
1 ORIGINAL 2 REMOVED FROM 3 REMANDED FROM 4 REINSTATED OR 5 ANOTHER DISTRICT 6 LITIGATION - 7 FROM MAGISTRATE JUDGE
PROCEEDING STATE COURT APPELLATE COURT REOPENED (Specify District) TRANSFER JUDGMENT
MULTIDISTRICT
8 LITIGATION -
DIRECT FILE
V. CAUSE OF ACTIONJURISDICTIONAL
(CITE THE U.S. CIVIL STATUTE UNDER WHICH YOU ARE FILING AND WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE - DO NOT CITE
STATUTES UNLESS DIVERSITY)
(IF COMPLEX, CHECK REASON BELOW)
1. Unusually large number of parties. 6. Problems locating or preserving evidence

2. Unusually large number of claims or defenses. 7. Pending parallel investigations or actions by government.
3. Factual issues are exceptionally complex 8. Multiple use of experts.
4. Greater than normal volume of evidence. 9. Need for discovery outside United States boundaries.
5. Extended discovery period is needed. 10. Existence of highly technical issues and proof.
CONTINUED ON REVERSE
FOR OFFICE USE ONLY
RECEIPT # AMOUNT $ APPLYING IFP MAG. JUDGE (IFP) ______________________
JUDGE MAG. JUDGE NATURE OF SUIT CAUSE OF ACTION______________________

(Referral)
Case 1:23-cv-02557-AT Document 1-1 Filed 06/07/23 Page 2 of 2
VI. NATURE OF SUIT (PLACE AN “X” IN ONE BOX ONLY)
CONTRACT - "0" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK CIVIL RIGHTS - "4" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK SOCIAL SECURITY - "0" MONTHS DISCOVERY
150 RECOVERY OF OVERPAYMENT & 440 OTHER CIVIL RIGHTS TRACK
ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGMENT 441 VOTING 861 HIA (1395ff)
152 RECOVERY OF DEFAULTED STUDENT 442 EMPLOYMENT 862 BLACK LUNG (923)
LOANS (Excl. Veterans) 443 HOUSING/ ACCOMMODATIONS 863 DIWC (405(g))
153 RECOVERY OF OVERPAYMENT OF 445 AMERICANS with DISABILITIES - Employment 863 DIWW (405(g))
VETERAN'S BENEFITS 446 AMERICANS with DISABILITIES - Other 864 SSID TITLE XVI
448 EDUCATION 865 RSI (405(g))
CONTRACT - "4" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK
110 INSURANCE FEDERAL TAX SUITS - "4" MONTHS DISCOVERY
120 MARINE IMMIGRATION - "0" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK TRACK
130 MILLER ACT 462 NATURALIZATION APPLICATION 870 TAXES (U.S. Plaintiff or Defendant)
140 NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENT 465 OTHER IMMIGRATION ACTIONS 871 IRS - THIRD PARTY 26 USC 7609
151 MEDICARE ACT
160 STOCKHOLDERS' SUITS PRISONER PETITIONS - "0" MONTHS DISCOVERY OTHER STATUTES - "4" MONTHS DISCOVERY
190 OTHER CONTRACT TRACK TRACK
195 CONTRACT PRODUCT LIABILITY 463 HABEAS CORPUS- Alien Detainee 375 FALSE CLAIMS ACT
196 FRANCHISE 510 MOTIONS TO VACATE SENTENCE 376 Qui Tam 31 USC 3729(a)
530 HABEAS CORPUS 400 STATE REAPPORTIONMENT
REAL PROPERTY - "4" MONTHS DISCOVERY 535 HABEAS CORPUS DEATH PENALTY 430 BANKS AND BANKING
TRACK 540 MANDAMUS & OTHER 450 COMMERCE/ICC RATES/ETC.
210 LAND CONDEMNATION 550 CIVIL RIGHTS - Filed Pro se 460 DEPORTATION
220 FORECLOSURE 555 PRISON CONDITION(S) - Filed Pro se 470 RACKETEER INFLUENCED AND CORRUPT
230 RENT LEASE & EJECTMENT 560 CIVIL DETAINEE: CONDITIONS OF ORGANIZATIONS
240 TORTS TO LAND CONFINEMENT 480 CONSUMER CREDIT
245 TORT PRODUCT LIABILITY 485 TELEPHONE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT
290 ALL OTHER REAL PROPERTY PRISONER PETITIONS - "4" MONTHS DISCOVERY 490 CABLE/SATELLITE TV
TRACK 890 OTHER STATUTORY ACTIONS
TORTS - PERSONAL INJURY - "4" MONTHS 550 CIVIL RIGHTS - Filed by Counsel 891 AGRICULTURAL ACTS
DISCOVERY TRACK 555 PRISON CONDITION(S) - Filed by Counsel 893 ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
310 AIRPLANE 895 FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT 899
315 AIRPLANE PRODUCT LIABILITY FORFEITURE/PENALTY - "4" MONTHS DISCOVERY 899 ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES ACT /
320 ASSAULT, LIBEL & SLANDER TRACK REVIEW OR APPEAL OF AGENCY DECISION
330 FEDERAL EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY 625 DRUG RELATED SEIZURE OF PROPERTY 950 CONSTITUTIONALITY OF STATE STATUTES
340 MARINE 21 USC 881
345 MARINE PRODUCT LIABILITY 690 OTHER
OTHER STATUTES - "8" MONTHS DISCOVERY
350 MOTOR VEHICLE
TRACK
355 MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCT LIABILITY LABOR - "4" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK
360 OTHER PERSONAL INJURY 710 FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT 410 ANTITRUST
362 PERSONAL INJURY - MEDICAL 720 LABOR/MGMT. RELATIONS 850 SECURITIES / COMMODITIES / EXCHANGE
MALPRACTICE 740 RAILWAY LABOR ACT
365 PERSONAL INJURY - PRODUCT LIABILITY 751 FAMILY and MEDICAL LEAVE ACT OTHER STATUTES - “0" MONTHS DISCOVERY
367 PERSONAL INJURY - HEALTH CARE/ 790 OTHER LABOR LITIGATION TRACK
PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCT LIABILITY 791 EMPL. RET. INC. SECURITY ACT 896 ARBITRATION
368 ASBESTOS PERSONAL INJURY PRODUCT (Confirm / Vacate / Order / Modify)
LIABILITY PROPERTY RIGHTS - "4" MONTHS DISCOVERY
TRACK
TORTS - PERSONAL PROPERTY - "4" MONTHS 820 COPYRIGHTS
DISCOVERY TRACK 840 TRADEMARK * PLEASE NOTE DISCOVERY
880 DEFEND TRADE SECRETS ACT OF 2016 (DTSA)
370 OTHER FRAUD
371 TRUTH IN LENDING TRACK FOR EACH CASE
380 OTHER PERSONAL PROPERTY DAMAGE
385 PROPERTY DAMAGE PRODUCT LIABILITY
PROPERTY RIGHTS - "8" MONTHS DISCOVERY TYPE. SEE LOCAL RULE 26.3
TRACK
BANKRUPTCY - "0" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK 830 PATENT
422 APPEAL 28 USC 158 835 PATENT-ABBREVIATED NEW DRUG
APPLICATIONS (ANDA) - a/k/a
423 WITHDRAWAL 28 USC 157
Hatch-Waxman cases
VII. REQUESTED IN COMPLAINT:

CHECK IF CLASS ACTION UNDER F.R.Civ.P. 23 DEMAND $_____________________________
JURY DEMAND YES NO (CHECK YES ONLY IF DEMANDED IN COMPLAINT)
VIII. RELATED/REFILED CASE(S) IF ANY

JUDGE_______________________________ DOCKET NO._______________________
CIVIL CASES ARE DEEMED RELATED IF THE PENDING CASE INVOLVES: (CHECK APPROPRIATE BOX)
1. PROPERTY INCLUDED IN AN EARLIER NUMBERED PENDING SUIT.
2. SAME ISSUE OF FACT OR ARISES OUT OF THE SAME EVENT OR TRANSACTION INCLUDED IN AN EARLIER NUMBERED PENDING SUIT.
3. VALIDITY OR INFRINGEMENT OF THE SAME PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR TRADEMARK INCLUDED IN AN EARLIER NUMBERED PENDING SUIT.
4. APPEALS ARISING OUT OF THE SAME BANKRUPTCY CASE AND ANY CASE RELATED THERETO WHICH HAVE BEEN DECIDED BY THE SAME
BANKRUPTCY JUDGE.
5. REPETITIVE CASES FILED BY PRO SE LITIGANTS.
6. COMPANION OR RELATED CASE TO CASE(S) BEING SIMULTANEOUSLY FILED (INCLUDE ABBREVIATED STYLE OF OTHER CASE(S)):
7. EITHER SAME OR ALL OF THE PARTIES AND ISSUES IN THIS CASE WERE PREVIOUSLY INVOLVED IN CASE NO. , WHICH WAS
DISMISSED. This case IS IS NOT (check one box) SUBSTANTIALLY THE SAME CASE.
SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY OF RECORD DATE

Lawsuit Against Noah's Ark Animal Sanctuary

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Case 1:23-cv-02557-AT Document 1 Filed 06/07/23 Page 1 of 22

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR

OUTREACH FOR ANIMALS, INC. AND DR.

COMPLAINT FOR DECLARATORY AND

Thomas (“Thomas”) (collectively “Plaintiffs”) pursuant to Section 11(g)(1)(A) of the

(collectively “Defendants”), located in Locust Grove, Henry County, Georgia.

2. Noah’s Ark operates an unaccredited roadside menagerie in Locust Grove, Georgia.

and psychological stimulation.

JURISDICTION AND VENUE

U.S.C. § 1540(g), and 28 U.S.C. § 1331.

6. Plaintiffs provided notice of intent to sue Defendants on Wednesday, March 22,

ESA. 16 U.S.C. § 1540(g)(2)(A)(i). Plaintiffs mailed to Defendants, the Secretary of the

ESA or its implementing regulations.

9. Venue is appropriate in the Northern District of Georgia, pursuant to 16 U.S.C. §

occur, within this judicial district.

headquarters located in Dayton, Ohio.

Ark facility for decades until terminated by Defendants.

spayed and treated the rescued animals for free.

their general health.

of this suit), she learned the individual personalities of the animals.

described in greater detail below.

environment and to avoid seeing them in inhumane, harmful conditions. Defendants’

confinement of the animals in inhumane conditions harms Karen Thomas’ aesthetic,

fencing, and poorly controlled interaction between humans and animals.

22. Plaintiff OFA is dedicated to protecting animals, including animals used in

and liaison between humans and animals.

24. By unlawfully harming and harassing endangered species, Defendants directly

action, Defendants will no longer be able to maintain endangered species in unlawful

administrative corporate work.

investigation and pursuit of civil enforcement.

of Noah’s Ark and its animals.

restraining order and a preliminary injunction.

used for documentation of violations of the Endangered Species Act.

combat the negative impressions.

animal rescue, cruelty investigation, advocacy, and education projects.

and, more generally, similar animal sanctuaries — may:

a. abuse, neglect, and mistreat ESA-protected animals;

b. deprive tigers and a lion of veterinary care and adequate nutrition;

c. feed tigers contaminated food;

d. force tigers and protected bears to live in unsanitary conditions;

pathogenic avian influenza;

h. fail to provide adequate staffing and care for ESA-protected animals;

i. physically abuse a spider monkey; and

j. fail to have an adequate program of veterinary care for ESA-protected animals.

by Defendants’ unlawful acts.

but for Defendants’ unlawful taking of endangered animals.

Point, Atlanta, Georgia 30345.

extinction.” 16 U.S.C. § 1532(6).

are not limited to, breeding, feeding, or sheltering.” Id.

unlawfully taken in violation of Section 9(a)(1)(B). 16 U.S.C. § 1538(a)(1)(D).

basis of captive state.”).

to enhance the propagation or survival of the affected species.” 16 U.S.C. § 1539(a)(1)(A).

be in violation” of the “take” provisions of the statute. 16 U.S.C. § 1540(g)(1)(A).

One (1) grizzly bear.

Department of Natural Resources investigation due to an outbreak of Avian influenza at Noah's

substandard and unsanitary conditions, deprived of adequate enrichment, recklessly exposed

protected animals in violation of Section 9 of the ESA.

documented conditions at Noah’s Ark.