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Exponential Function

The document discusses functions and graphs. It defines a relation as a rule that links inputs to outputs between two sets. A function is a special type of relation where each input is mapped to exactly one output. The document discusses injective, surjective, and bijective functions. It also discusses exponential functions of the form f(x)=ax and how their graphs depend on whether the base a is greater than, less than, or equal to 1.

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Angela Sottile
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38 views

Exponential Function

The document discusses functions and graphs. It defines a relation as a rule that links inputs to outputs between two sets. A function is a special type of relation where each input is mapped to exactly one output. The document discusses injective, surjective, and bijective functions. It also discusses exponential functions of the form f(x)=ax and how their graphs depend on whether the base a is greater than, less than, or equal to 1.

Uploaded by

Angela Sottile
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Content and Language Integrated Learning

FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS

CLASS: 4TH L.S.S.A.


SEZ.A
------------------------

S.Y. 2020 - 2021


Relations: A relation is a rule that links one or more output to one or
more inputs.
Example:
Given the following sets A={12;20;35} ,B={2;3;5} and the proposition
<< x divisible by y>>. The relation is defined as follows:

An output is an element in
An input is an
element in the the arrival set. It can also
starter set. It can be y value
also be x value.
A function from a set A to set B is a relation that assigns to each
element in the set A exactly one element in the set B .

If f is a function form A to B and y=f(x) y is the image of x and x is the


primage of y. The set A is called the set of inputs or domain, whereas
the subset of B whose elements are images of any x in A is called
codomain or range or set of outputs of f.

If A and B are subsets of R, the rule which is used to define a function is


usually expressed by a mathematical expression. Let us consider for
example:
• The set A of natural numbers ( that is 0,1,2,3,…) whose elements
we denote with x

• The set B of the even numbers ( that is 0,2,4,6,…) whose


elements we denote with y

• The function that associates each natural number to its double

Then the function f can be expressed by y = 2x


This is a function. All inputs are mapped. All inputs have only one
output.

This is not a function. Not all inputs are mapped.

This is not a function. Not all inputs are have only one output.
Injective,Surjective and Bjective Functions

Injective fuctions

A fuction from a set A to a set B is said to be an injective(or an injective


function)
If it maps distinct objects of set A to distinct objects of set B.

This means that the elements in B have one pre-image in A at most;


therefore, there can be elements that have a pre-image and elements
that have not a pre-image.
Surjective Function

A function from a set A to a set B is said surjective (or a surjective


function) if each element of B is the image of at least one element of A.

This means that there is no element in B which doesn’t have a pre-


image in A
Bijective Functions
A function from set A to a set B is said to be bijective(or a bijective
function) If it is both injective and surjective function.

In the other words: each element in A is associated to only one element


in B and viceversa.
Bijective function are important because they
are the only invertible functions
If f: A → B is a bijective function,we define the inverse function of f and
we denote it with f ˉ¹ the function.

f ˉ¹ : B → A
Perform and discuss the following exercises:

----------**********----------

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THE EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS AND THEIR GRAPS

If a is any number such that a>0 and a≠1, then an exponential function is
a function in the form
f(x) = ax
where a is called the base and x can be any real number.
Notice that the base is a fixed number and the variabile is the exponent.
To understand what the graph of this function looks like, let’s examine
the two functions:

A) y = 2x
x
1
B) y = 2
 

As we can see from the graph, the first function increases rapidly, while
the second gets rapidly smaller as x increases.
This depends on the value of a:

• If a > 1 the exponential function is an increasing function

• If 0 < a < 1 the exponential function is a decreasing function.

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