THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL

TRADE PROJECT
CENTER : MICHUKI TECHNICAL TRAINING INSTITUTE.
DEPARTMENT : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.
TITLE : WIND POWERED WATER PUMP.
PRESENTED BY : IHOMBA ELIUD MBUGUA.
INDEX NO : 2291010602.
COURSE NO : 2503.
PAPER NO : 306.
SERIES : JUNE/ JULY 2019.
SUPERVISOR :MR NGIRI (LECTURER
AUTOMOTIVEDEPARTMENT)
SUBMITTED TO :KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL IN
PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENT
OF THE AWARD OF A DIPLOMA IN

AUTOMOTIVE
ENGINEERING.

i
DEDICATION
I dedicate my project to my brother Antony and Charles and to my dad and mum. Long live dear
ones.

ii
ABSRACT(SYNOPSIS)
This is a project report which is one of the essential requirement of KNEC for award of diploma
in Automotive Engineering. It involves research work and design of a wind powered water
pump. Modern technology has implemented and demonstrated in the design.
The realization of this project was through the application of academic knowledge and practical
skills required from the course and industrial attachment on the second year of the course.

iii
DECLARATION
This project is my original work and has not been submitted anywhere for award of degree or
diploma for the parts of any other work which has been refered the author has been
acknowledged inform of reference.
NAME: IHOMBA ELIUD MBUGUA.
INDEX NO.: 2291010602.
SIGNATURE:
DATE:
I hereby certify this project was supervised by me and hereby submit to KNEC foraward with my
approval as the supervisor.
NAME OF SUPERVISOR: MR NGIRI.
SIGNATURE:……………………………………
DATE:……………………………………………..

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank those people who have been helping me to come up with this project both
financially , supervision, help and encouragement.
Special appreciation to my supervisor for his guidance in the entire project.
Also to my fellow students for the encouragement and assistance which led to improved ideas
of coming up with this project.
Acknowledgement also goes to the entire Michuki fraternity for the surport and good
atmosphere it has created during this period. May the Almighty God bless you all.

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NOTATION/APPREVIATION
L LENGTH MM,CM,M
F FORCE N/KN
A AREA M2
P PRESSURE N/M2,KN/M2
Ᵹ WORKING STRESS MN/M2
D COIL DIAMETER M,CM,MM
T THICKNESS MM
E MODULUS OF ELASTICITY GN/M2
I MOMENTS OF AREA M4
Y DEFLECTION M
R RADIUS MM
H,h HEIGHT M,CM,MM
W WEIGHT KG
N NUMBER OF COIL
G MODULUS OF RIGIDITY GN/M2

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Contents
DEDICATION.................................................................................................................................................ii
ABSRACT(SYNOPSIS)...................................................................................................................................iii
DECLARATION.............................................................................................................................................iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..................................................................................................................................v
NOTATION/APPREVIATION.........................................................................................................................vi
CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................................1
DESIGN OF WIND POWERED WATER PUMP................................................................................................1
1.0 INRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................1
1.1 DESIGN PROPOSAL................................................................................................................................1
1.2 DESIGN PROJECT OBJECTIVES................................................................................................................1
1.3 JUSTIFICATION.......................................................................................................................................1
1.4 OPERATION OF THE TURBINE................................................................................................................1

CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................................5
2.0 PRESENTATION AND DESIGN ANALYSIS.................................................................................................5
2.1.0 DESIGN ANALYSIS...............................................................................................................................5
2.2.0 DESIGNING OF PARTS.........................................................................................................................6
2.2.1 DESIGNING THE TURBINE STAND.......................................................................................................6
2.2.2 THE TURBINE FANS.............................................................................................................................7
2.2.3RETURN SPRINGS.................................................................................................................................7
2.2.4 THE BELT DRIVE..................................................................................................................................8
2.2.5 THE SHAFT OF THE WELL..................................................................................................................10
2.2.6 ACTUATING ELEMENT.......................................................................................................................11
2.2.7 PISTON ROD DESIGN.........................................................................................................................12
2.2.8 a. PISTON.........................................................................................................................................13
2.2.8 b. VALVE...........................................................................................................................................13
2.2.9WATER PIPE TO USER........................................................................................................................13
2.2.10 THE OPENING LEVER.......................................................................................................................15
3.0 SUMMARY...........................................................................................................................................15
3.1 DISCUSSION.........................................................................................................................................15

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3.2.0 OOPERATING SUMMARY..................................................................................................................15
3.2.1 TURBINE SUPPORT STANDS..............................................................................................................15
3.2.2 THE TURBINET..................................................................................................................................15
3.2.3 SPRING..............................................................................................................................................16
3.2.4 THE BELT...........................................................................................................................................16
3.2.5 THE SHAFT........................................................................................................................................16
3.2.6 ACTUATING UNIT..............................................................................................................................16
3.2.7 THE PIPE............................................................................................................................................16
3.3.0 COSTING...........................................................................................................................................16
3.4.0 RECCOMENDATION..........................................................................................................................16
3.5.0 CONCLUSSION..................................................................................................................................17
3.6.0 REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................................17

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CHAPTER ONE

DESIGN OF WIND POWERED WATER PUMP

1.0 INRODUCTION
In engineering they say that the future belongs to engineers who constantly seek new
knowledge and skills. We as engineers need to come up with new skills to reduce fatigue from
our people.

1.1 DESIGN PROPOSAL

My design proposal is aimed at eliminating fatigue from people as they struggle fetching water
in their wells. I decided to come- up with a project to assist them in this area. My design project
is about using a turbine to pump water from wells. The turbine will be rotated by wind and in
turn rotate a well shaft which result to fetching water from the well to a ground tank. The
turbine is fitted near the well just beside the well and a belt runs from the turbine rotated by
funs to the well shaft, rotating it the mechanism fetches the water to the top, by pumping it
through a piston which is in the water.

1.2 DESIGN PROJECT OBJECTIVES.

i. Reduce fatigue to users.
ii. Reducing time wastage while fetching water by other means.
iii. Avoiding the risks that are faced by users while fetching water in an open well
manually.
iv. Reduce cost of fetching the water from the well through other means.
v. The project will earn me income as I sell it to users.

1.3 JUSTIFICATION.
The project design is the best that has ever been. This is because it has long life since it is metal.
Also it is a cheap design to maintain compared to other means such as motor which breaks here
and then. Its maintenance requires only oiling the moving parts and after a set period of about
three years changing the belt. Also the project is a safe one since after installing the well is
covered to avoid risks of an open well hence increasing safety. Also the turbine is operated by
wind which is readily available and hence costless.

1.4 OPERATION OF THE TURBINE

A cylinder diameter 300mm which will be fixed inside the well and its length will be based on
the amount of water in a certain well. Then the cylinder will have piston which will be acting as
a pump and also a small pipe from its end of 50mm diameter to the tank or user’s destination.
The piston has a valve which acts as piston moves up and down. The valve opens as the piston

1
moves up and closes as it moves down. As the piston moves down the valve opens to allow
water into the sender and closes as the piston moves upwards for pumping the water out. The
funs of the turbine are operated by a lever which acts as a switch. The lever is operated by the
user in an up-down movement, the upward movement opens the fans and the downward
movement closes the fans. When the fans are rotated by wind which is readily available they in
turn rotate the belt which is connected to the well shaft and the unit rotates as one hence
pumping water.

2
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 PRESENTATION AND DESIGN ANALYSIS.
2.1.0 DESIGN ANALYSIS.
To design a better proportioned and efficient equipment it is vital to analyze the
problem and determine all the forces acting on each equipment and know the required
strength to react on the forces. In order to prevent improper functioning of the
designed equipment the component is thoroughly analyzed since failure of any
component may lead to dangers causing even lose of life. This is because machine can
be said to be good servants but bad masers.
2.1.1 FACTORS CONSIDERED IN DESIGN
In addition to design the following factors were considered during analysis. The factors
are:
i. SAFETY
This is the allowance given after the limit of a design. This prevents the
equipment from collapsing or being damaged when its limit is exceeded by a
given quantity. But when the factor of safety is exceeded then the machine fails.
ii. OPERATOR’S SAFETY
Due to importance of this it was considered during the designing process
iii. COST
Since the aim of the design is elimination of the tedious processes of fetching
water from wells, the cost was considered. Each component’s cost was
considered in relation to this factor so as when the sun total is calculated the
equipment will be affordable.
iv. RELIABILITY
Reliability is one of the most important factors to consider. The equipment
should be well designed and coordination of parts well designed so that it
functions properly and reliably. This is important because it would be a waste of

3
 time and resources to produce a project which is not efficient and hence of no
use.

2.2.0 DESIGNING OF PARTS

2.2.1 DESIGNING THE TURBINE STAND
The turbine stand is used to support the turbines which are in the air for wind to rotate
them. Since wind is our major source of driving power the height of the stand was
specially designed. Also the base a depth of the supporters to the ground was well dene

4
L – height of turbine from ground
L=20m
=200cm
X=0.3m- shaft diameter
=30cm
b- shaft length
=1.5m
=150cm
A=base length
=1m=100cm
Y = depth of turbine to ground
=0.5m=50cm

5
2.2.2 THE TURBINE FANS
This are the rotating elements to assist in driving the belt. They are made of strong
aluminum sheets to improve their durability. Aluminum was also considered because it
light in weight. They are attached together and fixed with a bearing on the turbine stand
also a rotating gear is built with them.

The torque from each fan element is expected to 170N

Total torque=170N*6=1.02KN
C – circumference of the fan=πd
=πx200cm=628.32cm2
=6.28M2

6
2.2.3RETURN SPRINGS
Each element of the turbine will have a return spring. As explained earlier the return
spring acts as switch which opens and folds the fans together at the time when the user
needs water and when water is not needed. The reason for opening and closing is to
avoid wastage since the turbine keeps rotating 24hours for 7 days hence need for a
controller. The spring preferred for use will be a close-coiled spring. This type of spring
was preferred due its stiffness compared to others. The spring calculations are as
follows:

Expected load to carry= 5kg

Wire diameter=5mm=0.005M
Coil diameter=12cm=0.12M
Number of coils=6
Modulus of rigidity=80GN/M2(STANDARD)
The spring stiffness K is

K=W/Ꞙ W=5x9.81=49.05
Ꞙ=8WD3n/Gπd4
K=49.05
8WD3/Gπd4

K=Gπd4x49.05
8WD3n

K=80X109XπX0.0054X49.05
8X0.123X6X49.05

K=1.8938KN/M

Axial deflection
Ꞙ=8WD3n
Gπd4

7
 =8x49.05x0.123x6
80x109xπx0.0054
=0.0259M

2.2.4 THE BELT DRIVE

The belt is expected to carry the weight of the water and so it’s construction was considered in
the design
Power= T1(1- 1 )v
eµØ
Groove angle =300
C.S.A=105mm2
µ=0.12
ꝭ of material =1.2MGM-3
δ(stress)= 7MN/M2
N =1500rev/min
Diameter of pulley =600mm
Power=(T1-T2)v
V=(2Πn )r
60
=2π x1500x0.15
60
=23.56M/S
Tc= MXV2
TC=1.26X23.562 but m= volume x density
TC=699.4Kg/M =(1.2M/Mg3 x 103) (1050 x 10 -6)=1.26Kg
T1=stress x cross-sectional area

8
 =(7 x 106) (1050 x 106)
=7350N
T1—Tc =eµ cosecB
T2-Tc

7350-599.4 =e0.12 x 3.142 cosec 25

T2-699.4
= 7350-699.4 =4.292
T2-699.4
T2=6650.6-3001.82
4.292
T2 =850.14N
Power =(T1-T2)V
=(7350-850.14)23.56
=153.14KW

2.2.5 THE SHAFT OF THE WELL

This that shaft which will be driven by the belt in order to pump the water from the well. It was
design and concluded that it will be made of cast iron for strength and for a long life

9
Length(L)=1.5M
Diameter=45CM=0.45M
Power required =40KW
Revolutions=600rev/min
Modulus of Rigidity=80GN/M2(standard)
Power = 2Πnt
60
40000=2π X 600 X T
60
T= 60 X X40000
2π X 600
= 636.62N/M
‫=ﺢ‬ TR but J =2πd4
J 64
=636.62x 0.45
2x 3.142 x 0.454/64
71.16KN/M
Angular twist
T= GØ = ‫ﺢ‬

J L r
Ø = 0.00403 x 10-5 x 5.33 x 1010
636.62
=53.450

2.2.6 ACTUATING ELEMENT

Consist of actuating cylinder and piston. The actuating element is required to give a greater
foirce so that plenty of water can be received as a result.
Diameter of piston = 30cm

10
Let f3 be force on piston {assume internal pressure=397.89KN/M 2}

F3=PXA
=397.89X103X π
4{10X10-2}
=3.125KN
Working stress{Ᵹw}= ultimate stress
Factory of safety
=100x106
10
=10MN/M2
To obtain the thickness of the cylinder the following formula was used
T= pd
2Ᵹu
=397.89x103 {10x10-2}
2x10x166
=1.989x10-3M
Longitudinal stress
Ᵹl = pd
4t
= 397.89x103x0.1
4x1.989x103
=5001131.2N/M2
=5MN/M2
The cylinder has the capability to withhold the stress subjected ton it since it cast iron and
ultimate stress of cast iron is 100KN/M 2 hence3 capable to withhold.

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2.2.7 PISTON ROD DESIGN
This is the connecting rod from the shaft to the piston. the weight was considered and to avoid
a huge amount of weight aluminum was used in construction of the rod. Also the rod will be a
hollow rod. Aluminum was considered due to its strength and light weight. Aluminum does not
rust making the rod perfect since it will be acting on water.

Di=30cm=0.3M
L –rod length d o=35cm=0.35M
D0- outside diameter L=50M
Di- inside diameter
Maximum stress acting on the shaft
Ᵹ = TR T= 60XP P=40KW
J 2ΠN N=600REV/MIN
= 636.62X{0.35-0.3} = 60X40000
2π/64{0.354-0.34} 2XπX600
= 636.62N/M
= 31.831
6.136X10-7
= 51.876MN/M2

2.2.8 a. PISTON
To transmit the required pressure and withstand the stress induced and also reduce the system
weight, aluminum was used for it’s strength and light weight.
Piston diameter =30cm
Length =15cm
Thickness of material = 0.9cm
Ring groove = 0.3cm

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2.2.8 b. VALVE
The piston will have a groove and relieve valve. The valve is designed in such a way that when
the piston move downwards the valve opens and closes when it moves upwards.

2.2.9WATER PIPE TO USER

This is a plastic pipe transporting water from the well to the user’s destination
It’s losses are as follows
a. shock losses due to sudden contraction from cylinder to pipe
h c = v2 2 1 -1
2g cc
Q= 0.5 M3/S
a1= πd2 = πx0.32
4 4
=0.0707m2

Area of pipe {a2}= πd22 = πx0.52

4 4
=0.1963M2

hc = v22 1 -1
2g cc
V2 = Q = 0.5 =2.5471M/S

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 A2 0.1963
Cc = 0.6
Hc= 2.54712 1 -1
2x9.81 0.6
Hc = 0.0517M
b. loss of head due to friction
hf = 0.3305FLQ2 F=0.25
d5
= 0.3305x0.25x50x0.52
0.55
= 33.05 M

2.2.10 THE OPENING LEVER

This is a lever that will be opening the fans and closing them. The lever will be hand operated
where the spring to each fan will be attached to it. the lever will be together with the turbine
stand.
When the lever is operated downwards the shaft moves upwards pulling the spring hence
closing fans. The stress acting on the lever will be determined by the strength of the wind in
that time. But it is approximated to be 200N/

3.0 SUMMARY
In this section, an overview of the project have been highlighting on operation, cost and
limitation of the design.

3.1 DISCUSSION
In this design of a wind powered water pump the component has been described as a unit.
Material used in this project was acquired via research from engineering industries, textbooks,
and via discussion with classmates.

3.2.0 OOPERATING SUMMARY

3.2.1 TURBINE SUPPORT STANDS.
This is the support unit and is made of steel. Steel was considered for its stiffness and ability to
resist rust for stainless steel.
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3.2.2 THE TURBINET
The turbines are to be rotated by the wind and rotate the belt drive in return. They are made of
aluminium sheets since aluminium is light in weight and durable.

3.2.3 SPRING
LIght chrome vanadium steel alloy coil springs were used for their stiffness ability and
deflection value.

3.2.4 THE BELT

The belt main operation is operating from the turbine to drive the shaft. This will be after the
shaft is driven.

3.2.5 THE SHAFT

Iron was used for the shaft because it is cheaper and strong. Joining was done by arc welding
and reinforced by use of brackets at the respective parts.

3.2.6 ACTUATING UNIT

This unit comprises of a piston and cylinder. The piston is connected to a rod piston received
10MN/M2
And exerts a force to pump out ‘the water’.

3.2.7 THE PIPE

The pipe is basically for water transport to any destination plastics pipes were considered since
they are durable.

3.3.0 COSTING
ACTIVITY COST(KSH)
Materials 14,000
Metal work 8,000
Machining process 5,000
Research 5,000
TOTAL 32,000

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3.4.0 RECCOMENDATION.
The design of a wind operated water pump is a creation of design to get rid of water pumps
which are not reliable. The design is not perfect thus if anyone wishes to improve the design so
that the machine can be more efficient they are permitted to go ahead.

3.5.0 CONCLUSSION
The design project will be able to pump water from the well to ground tanks, minimizing
pumping costs. Parts of the whole component are shown with their features and working
principles. Formula and calculations are incorporated which were acquired from reference
books as indicated. The main and vital reason for the design have been displayed in the first
chapter exhaustively and this was based on a series of calculations and measurements. Few
assumptions were made where necessary. Material were selected depending on their
characteristics e.g hardness, weight, strength e.t.c. The designer has showed sketches and well
labeled diagram to give a clear view of design and how it functions.

3.6.0 REFERENCES.
In order to obtain maximum information required in the design of this project, information
contained in manuals and books became useful.
The sources include:
1. Roy . G Graig jr mechanics of materials
2. P.P Benharm mechanical of engineering MTL
3. G. Bolton Mechanical design
4. Harnold A. Rothbart, Mechanical design
5. John – case Lord Chilver strength of materials and structures.

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