MTECH

EXAMINATION 2021-22
(SEM ) THEORY
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICs
Time: 3 Hours Total Marks: 100
Notes:
Allempt all Sections and Assume any missing dala.
1Ppropriate marks are allotted to each question, answer accordingly.

SECTION-A Attempt All of the following Questions inbrief Marks (10X2=20) Co

4Let V be the vectorspaceofall2 x2 matrices over the field R. Show that W is not
a subspace of V, where W contains all 2 x 2 matrices with zero determinants.
Q16) Define Isomorphism of vector space
IC)Define Continuous Random Variable and give one example.
IdComment on following statement: For a Binomial distribution , mean is 6 and
|variance is 9.
Q)Find the characteristic function variable X having the density function given by
lxa
FCx)= , otherwise

QI1)The diameter, say X, of an electric cable, is assumed to be a continuous randomn 3

variable with p.d.f.:f(x) =6x(1-x),0Sxs1. Check that the above is a p.d.f.
Q9) Write the name of type of sampling and discussed limitation of
sampling. 4
Q1(h) |State Discrete random process and deterministic random
process.
Q0A gambler has Rs2. He bets Rs1 at a time wins Rs1 with probability He stopes
playing if he losses Rs2 or wins Rs4. What is the tpm of the related Markov chain?
QIg) Write Chapman-Kolmogorov equation.
SECTION-B Attempt ANY THREE of the following Questions Marks (3X10=30) CO
Q2(a) Show that the vectors (1,2,1), (2,1,1), (1,-1, 2) form abasis of R3
Q2(b) i) A coin is tossed until a head
appears. What is the expectation of the 2
number of tosses required?
ii) Find the moment generating function of the
exponential distribution
fx) = ex/C; 0 Sx< o,C20.
Hence find its mean and variance
02(c) Find the density function and the distribution function of Y X given the
functionof Xis f(x)=e*,0 sxs o, density
=

02(d) The length of time for one individual to be served at a cafeteria is a random variable
having an exponential distribution with a mean of 4 minutes. What is the
that a person is served in less than 3 minutes on at least 4 of the next probability
02(e) The transition probability matrix of a Markov chain {Xnn =1,2,3,... days?
[0.1 0.6 0.31 Having 3 5

states 1, 2, and 3 is P=|0.5 0.2 0.4 and the initial distribution is

lo.4 0.2 0.3
p(0)=(0.7, 0.2, 0.1). Find (i) P(X, =3) (ii) P(X^ =2, X =
3,X =3, Xo= 21
SECTION-C Attempt ANY ONE following Question Marks (1X10=10) CO
that the union of two subspaces is
Q3(a) a
subspace if and only if one is contained in
|
theother
b)
et Tbe a linear operator on R3 defined by-
Q3T(x,X2X3) = (3x1 +X3-2x +x2 , -x +2x2 + 4x) What is the matrix of
in the ordered basis ,
T in az, a3} where a =
(1,0,1), a2 =
(-1, 2, 1)
And d = (2,1,1) ?
 (SEM I) THEORY EXAMINATION 2021-22
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

SECTION-CAttenmpt ANY ONE following Question Marks (1X10=10) Co

2
f the probability density ofa random variable is given by f(x) =
{o- otherwise
n the valuc of K and the probabilities that a random variable will taken on a value
between 0.1 and 0.2.
4b) A coins is tossed six times. What is the
i) 4 heads probability of obtaining-
ii)5 heads (iii) 6 heads (iv)4 or more heads?
SECTION-C Attempt ANY ONE following Question
95(a) Define characteristic Marks (1X10=10) CO
function and also state and prove properties of characterisic 3
function.
Q5(6) |The joint probability function for the random variable X
and Y is given as followS:
X Y 0

18 6

1
18 9
1 1
6 18
(1) Find the marginal densities of X on Y.
(ii) Find the conditional
expectation of Y given X.
SECTION-CAttempt ANY ONE following Question
6(a)Established relation between Power spectrum and Marks (1X10-10) Co
O6(b). The amount of time that a driveAutocorrection Function
Irandom variable with mean = 3.2a
-througn bank
teller spends
on a
customer is a
4

If a random sample of 64 minutesisand a standard deviation G =16.

customers
their mean time at the teller's counter observed, find the
ii More than 3.5 minutes (11) At
is-
)At most 2.7 minute probability that
least 3.2 minutes but less
less than
than 2
3.4
a

SECTION-C Attempt ANY ONE following Question minutes.

07(a If for period of 2
hours
a the day (8 to 10
in
am)
minutes but the service time continuous to remaintrains 36
arrive at the Marks (1X10=10) C0
yard every 20 5
calculate (i) The probability that the yard is empty, minutes. For this
trains in the system on the assumption thatline (ii) The
average period,
trainsthat
Au trains only.
on a set Bof
capacity of the yard is number of
states isis closed
of states closed ifif and only ift = 0 limited to
Q7(b Prove
B=S\B. Pij= for all i eE BB
Piy
and
and all
all j Ee
 MTECHI
(SEM I) THEORY EXAMINATION 2021-22
ADVANCED DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
Time: 3 Hours
Notes: Total Marks: 70
Attempt all Sections and assume any
Appropriate marks are allotted to eachmissing data.
question, answer
accordingly.
Q.1 Attempt All of the SECTION-A
(a) following
questions bricf in
(b)
What is the Nyquist pulse shaping criterion to achieve zero
Marks(7X2=14)
Why is phase shift keying intersymbol interference (S)
keying (FSK) technique? (PSK) preferred for high-speed modem over Frequency shit
(C) Compare fast hopping and slow
(d) Explain the Shannon's limit for frequency hopping.
(e A pseudo random sequence is information capacity.
generated using a feedback shift register of
chip rate is 107 chips per second. Find the following length m=4. The
1)PN sequence length, ii) PN
( What is called jamming effect? sequence period
(g What is the
necessity of equalization in digital communication
system?
Q.2 SECTION-B
Attempt ANY THREE of the following
(a) What is Spread Spectrum Technique? questionsin Marks(3X7=21)
Explain
Spectrum Technique with necessary diagram? detail about Direct
Sequence Spread
(b Write Short Notes on any two of the
following:
i) Channel Encoder
ii) Need of carrier synchronization
ii) Cyclic codes
(c Explain about the basic elements of base band
binary pulse amplitude modulation
system with neat block diagram. (PAMN
( d With neat diagram, explain CDMA digital cellular
(e) What is the difference between BPSK and system.
QPSK? How QPSK modulation
Explain withneat diagram. is done
SECTIONC
0.3 Attempt ANY ONE of following:
(a) How does frequency-hopping spread Marks (1X7=7)
(b) Define probability density funetion. spectrum work and how is it regulated?
A binary source
are transmitted generates symbol XE{-1,I whic
over a noisy channel. The
probability of
transmitting l is 0.5. Innut
threshold detector is R=X+N. The probability density function
shown below. Detemine the probability of error if the detection f(x) of the noise
threshold is
sion-
gnal is
zero

fvy 0.5
 MTECHH
(SEM ) THEORY EXAMINATION 2021-22
ADVANCED DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

Q.4 Attempt ANY ONE of

following: Marks (1X7=7)
(a) What is the need of trellis coded modulation? Explain trellis coded modulation in details.
(6) Explain memory conflict problem for turbo codes.
Q.5 Attempt ANY ONE of following: Marks (1X7=7)
(a) Why 1s quantization needed in coding the samples? The bandwidth of a video signal is
4.5MHz. The signal is to be transmitted using PCM with 1024 quantization level.
Determine the minimum bit rate required to transmit the signal.
(b)
|What arethe methodsused for representing convolution encoder? Explain any two.
Q.6 Attempt ANY ONE of following: Marks (1X7=7)
(a) |What is coherent and non-coherent detection in BPSK? Explain.
(b) |Explain Multiple Frequency-Shift Keying (MFSK)? Derive probability of error of the
MFSK system.
Q.7 Attempt ANY ONE of following:
Marks (1X7=7)
(a) What is the need of equalization? Explain working of equalization. Also classify
equalization Techniques.
(b) Explain the working of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transmitter|
and receiver? How OFDM is implemented?
 MTECH
(SEM ) THEORY EXAMINATION 2021-22
INFORMATION THEORY

Time: 3 Hours Total Marks: 70

Note: Attempt all Sections. If require any missing data; then choose suitabiy.

SECTIONA
1. Attempt all questions in brief. 27 14
a.
What is Entropy? List the properties of Entropy.
b.State Log-sum inequality.
c.
Define typical set and write its properties.
Write the consequences of AEP.
Differentiate between block codes and convolution codes.
What are impacts of Concave & Convex Function?
g. Explain the Kraft Inequality for instantaneous code.

SECTION B

Attempt any three of the following: 73 21

a. What do you mean by relative entropy and mutual information? State the
properties of
relativeentropy and mutualinformation.
State and provejoint AEPtheorem dependingon channelcapacity.
b.
C.Write Short note onautomaticrepeatrequestscheme (ARQ).
d. Consider the random Variable
X= (X1=0.49, x=0.26, x3=0.12, x4=0.04, xs=0.04, x=0.03, x7=0.02)
i) Find the binary Huffman Code for X
ii) Find the Codeword Length
iii)Find the Ternary Huffman Code
. A rate 1/3 convolution encoder has a generating vector as g-(II0), g2=(110), g=(101)
i) Sketch the encoder configuration
ii) Draw the trellis diagram

SECTIONC

3. Attempt any one part ofthefollowing: 7 *1-7

a . For the Following Joint Probability calculate H(X),H(Y), H(X,Y), H(X/Y)

consequences.
State Jensen s incquality and relate
its
b.

Attempt any one part of

the following: 7*1=7
4. data compression.
Explain theconsequences of
the AEP as

a.
High-Probability Sets and
the Typical Set.
b. Discuss
 MTECH
(SEM ) THEORY EXAMINATION 2021-22
INFORMATION THEORY

5.Attempt any one part of the following: 7*1-7

a. What is Markov Chain? State two-state Markov chain. Also mention entropy rate of two
state of Markov chain.
b.Statethe second law of thermodynamics for Markov chain.
6. Attempt any one part of the following: 71-7
. Consider a random Variable which takes on four values with probabilities
(1/3,1/3,1/4,1/12)
i) Construct The Shannon Elias Code for this random variable
ii) Construct the Huffman Code
b. A Communication system employs a continuous source. The channel noise is white
and Gaussian. The bandwidth of the source output is 10 MHz and signal to noise
power ratio at the receiver is 100.
i) Determine the channel capacity.
1) If the signal to noise ratio drops to 10, how much bandwidth is needed to
achieve the same channel capacity as in (1).
(i1i) If the bandwidth is decreased to 1 MHz, what S/N ratio is required to maintain
the same channel capacity as in (1).
7.Attempt any one part of thefollowing: 71-7
a. Given a binary channel shown in the figure below:

PIX

Px

Calculate H(X), H(Y),H(Y/X), H(XY) and I(X; Y).

b. State and prove the channel codingtheorem.
 MTECH
(SEM I) THEORY EXAMINATION 2021-22
OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
Time: 3 Hours Total Marks: 70
Note: Attempt all Sections. If require anv missing data; then choose suitably.
SECTION A
1. Attempt all questions in brief. 2*7 14
a. What is the different modulation schemes used in cohercnt light eommunication
b. What are the major advantages of the
coherent systems
C. What is BER?
d. Mention the difference between TDMA and CDMA.
e. Write the advantages of SA.
f.DefineSoliton.
g.Explain WDM.

SECTION B
2. Attempt any three of the folloving: 7*3 2 1
a.Derive an expression for the SNR ofa homodyne receiver by taking into account both the
shotnoise and the thermal noise.
b.Explain
C.
Erbium-Doped Fiber amplifier? Giveits workingand characteristics.
Mention and explain the different multiple access scheme in optical conmunication
system.
d.Whatare the types of Solitons based onthe various aspects? How are they generated?
e.Discussthe Next generation optical Internets attributes.

SECTION C
3.Attempt any one part of the following: 7*1=7
a. Explain the coherent detection of light wave with suitable diagram. Discuss the basic
features of components used in coherence detection.
b. Discuss the different modulatien and demodulation scheme used in coherent light wave
communication.

. Attempt any onepart of the following: 7t1=7

a. Explain Ranan amplifier. Give its working and characteristics.
b.A semiconductor optical amplifier is used to amplify two channels separated by 1 GHz.
Each channel can be amplified by 30 dB in isolation. What are the channel gains when
both channels are amplified simultaneously? Assume that Pin/Ps = 10-3. te = 0.5 ns. and

Bc= 5

5. Attempt any onepart of the following: 7*1=7

. Explain the WIDM and its various components. Why is there a need of WDM at all?
b. Statetheimportantfeatures of CDMA. Also define direct sequence spread spectrum
6. Attempt any one part of thefollowing: 7*1=7
a. Mention the Non linear etfects in soliton system.
b. Explain High speed and WDM Soliton systems.

7. Attempt any one part ofthefollowing: 7*1=7

a. Write short notes on: (i) SONET ( ) ATM1
b. Explain wavelength routed networks.
 MTEC
(SEM ) THEORY EXAMINATION 2021-22
RESEARCH PROCESS & METHODOLOGY
Time: 3 Hours Total Marks: 70
Note:
Attempt all Sections. If require any missing data; then choose suitably.

SECTION A
1. Attempt all questions in brief. 2h7 14
a. State Meaning of Research. What are Objectives of Research?
b. What are the basic types of research
C.Definethe steps involved in research.
d.Differentiate between Probability and Non-probability methods of
samplin8
techniques.
e. Define Methods of Data Collection in research
process.
f.What do understand by the tem research paper?
gWrite in brief about the Karl Pearson's Coefficient of correlation

SECTION B
Attempt any three of the following: 7*3 21
a. What do you understand by Statistical Inference in Research Process and
Methodology?
b. What do you mean by Hypothesis? Explain the needof Hypothesis
c. Testing
What do you mean Rescarch Journals? What is the role of
Research Journals in
Research Process?
d. Define the need and role of Review article in Research Process.
e. Define the meaning of Literature
Survey? Explain need of Sampling.

SECTION C
3 Attempt any one part of the following:
7*1 7
a. Explain the term Plagiarism. Mention key factors which ensure Plagiarism control
in Research Process.
Distinguish between Null Hypothesis and Alternative Hypothesis in detail vith
example.
. Attempt any one part of the following:
71 7
a. Describe the term
Indexing and citation of Jourmals in Research Process.
b. Explain concept and application areas of Dissertation and Thesis in Research
Process.
 MTECHI
(SEM ) THEORY EXAMINATION 2021-22
RESEARCH PROCESS & METHODOLOGY
5. Attempt any one part of the following: 7*1 7
a. Explain Ethical considerations in research field. Discuss the before-and-after with
and without control design in context of a research design.
b. Explain the need of Data processing soltware. Explain the term SPSS in research
process.

6. Attempt any one part of the following: 7*1 7

4. Explain the Sampling techniques procedure and methods in research
methodology.
b Explain the concept of Referencing and referencing styles in research Process.

1 Attempt any one part of the following: 7*1 7

a. Explain the meaning and significanee of research design. Differentiate between
Random Replication and Randomized Block research designs.
What do you understand by the term Intellectual Give
property? examples of
Intellectual property