CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

The advancement of technology has become an essential tool in automating

various manual transactions, including academic grading. In today’s educational system,

numerous schools and universities are utilizing automated system for grade

management. Web-based students grading management systems are being implemented

to enhance the efficiency, reliability, and security of grading processes (Kumar &

Sharma, 2017). The traditional approach of manually grading papers is time-consuming

and may result in errors. The use of a web-based student grade management system can

eliminate these issues by providing a fast smooth and hassle-free grading process. This

system allows teachers to input grades electronically making it easier to compute and

store data. Furthermore, students can view their grades and receive feedback in real-

time providing transparency and motivating them to improve their performance. With

the web-based student grade management system both teachers and students will no

longer have to depend on traditional pen and paper methods which can be prone to

errors, lost records, and miscommunication. The system will offer a more reliable and

secure grading process as records can be backed up and stored securely. Moreover, the

system can generate reports, provide analysis and statistics to help teachers monitor the

performance of their students and make informed decisions about teaching strategies.
 However in order to further enhance the communication between the teacher,

students and parents SMS notification are being integrated into the system. According

to Pero (2009) SMS is the most common communication device on the planet and is

widely used for communication due to its speed ease of use and affordability. By

integrating SMS into the web-based student grading management system teachers can

now send notification and updates to students and parents regarding their grades and

other important information the used of SMS notification in a web-based student grade

management system offer a great way to improve communication between teachers,

students, and parents. The system can automatically send SMS notification to students

and parents regarding their grades and any changes made to them.

Abuyog Community College – Senior High School (ACC-SHS) is a secondary

educational institution located in Abuyog, a town in the province of Leyte, Philippines.

The school aims to provide quality education to its students and prepare them for higher

education or the workforce. To achieve this goal, the school is considering the

development of a web-based student grade management system. The traditional

approach of manually grading papers is time-consuming and may result in errors.

Additionally, the use of pen and paper methods can be prone to errors, lost records, and

miscommunication. It can also be a burden on teachers and may limit their ability to

provide timely feedback to students.

The proposed system aims to improve the educational experience of students,

parents, and teachers. This system will allow educational institutions to efficiently

manage student grades and records, providing real-time feedback to students and
parents, and streamlining administrative processes. With SMS notifications, the system

will also enable institutions to provide immediate updates to students and parents

regarding their academic performance. The development of a web-based student grade

management system with SMS notifications will lead to several benefits for educational

institutions. Firstly, it will provide students and parents with accurate and timely

feedback on academic performance, allowing them to take necessary steps to improve

grades. This will enable students to monitor their progress, identify areas of weakness,

and seek assistance from teachers when needed. Secondly, the system will allow

teachers to manage student records more efficiently, reducing paperwork and saving

time. This will enable teachers to spend more time on teaching and mentoring students,

leading to better academic outcomes. Thirdly, the system will streamline administrative

processes and reduce errors in data entry, leading to cost savings and increased

productivity. With SMS notifications, institutions will be able to communicate

important updates to students and parents immediately, ensuring that everyone is on the

same page.

Statement of the Problem

The ACC-SHS is struggling with pen and paper work for inputting grades,

generating report cards, and automating calculations. This manual data process is time-

consuming and prone to errors.

sheets or spreadsheets, when it comes to recording and calculating student

grades. this process is time-consuming.

2. The teachers limit their ability to provide timely feedback to students

3. The use of pen and paper methods can be prone to errors, lost records, and

miscommunication.

Objectives of the Study

General Objective:

The main objective of this study is to develop a web-based student grade

management system with SMS notification for the Abuyog Community College senior

high school that will enhance the efficiency and transparency of the grading process and

improve academic outcomes.

Specific Objectives:

Specifically, this study aims to achieve the following objectives:

 Design a user-friendly web-based student grade management system that allows

teachers to input and update student’s grades in time.

 Develop a secure login and user authentication module to protect student data

and ensure that only authorized users have access to the system.

 Provide students with easy access to their grades and academic history, thereby

promoting transparency in the grading process.

regarding their academic progress and important academic events.

 Design an efficient and effective database systems

 Conduct testing to assess the system's acceptability using ISO 9/26 standards.

Theoretical Framework

Theoretically, the main purpose of the system is to create an efficient, fast, and

reliable Computerized Grading System with an SMS System for Senior High School,

based on theoretical foundations. Computerized pattern grading offers advantages over

traditional manual grading, making the grading process faster, more consistent, and

more reliable. However, existing computerized grading systems still require manual

calculation of grade rules and data entry. This research proposes an automatic method

for grading both basic block patterns and adapted patterns, eliminating the need for

manual intervention. This research focuses on developing and implementing an

adaptive learning and grading system with the goal of enhancing the effectiveness and

quality of feedback provided to students. By incorporating concepts from established

learning theories, the aim is to improve the quantity, quality, and speed of feedback

specifically related to computer skills, with a focus on personal productivity software.

Feedback has been identified as a crucial component of successful learning, and this

research builds upon cognitive, behavioral, and resource-based views of learning, as

well as the establishment of grading rubrics. An automated grading system was

assignments. The system is designed to 'learn' correct and incorrect responses and store

them for future use. To assess the impact of the system on feedback, three hypotheses

were formulated, and experiments were conducted to test them. The results

demonstrated that the system positively influenced the quantity of feedback and reduced

the time required for grading assignments. However, no significant effect on the quality

of the feedback comments was observed, which could be a subject of further

investigation.

Conceptual framework

The system is designed to process student grading transactions online, accessible

to users with the correct credentials. It enables access for various user levels, including

system administrators, teachers, and students. Each user level is assigned specific roles

and permissions. The system administrator is responsible for managing user accounts

and overseeing SMS communication. Teachers are authorized to input student grades

and view class records. Students can view their grades and class records. A special SMS

notification feature is integrated into the system. Whenever a student's grade is updated,

the student and their parents or guardians will receive a message notifying them of the

update. The system is designed to accommodate different grading systems, such as

point-based, percentage-based, and letter-based grading. Teachers can customize the

grading system according to their preferences. Students and parents have access to their
grades and class records through the system at any time. They also receive SMS

notifications for updated grades. The system includes a feature for teachers to send

messages to parents or guardians, providing important updates or announcements. This

feature is accessible only to the system administrator and teachers. Furthermore, the

system ensures the security and privacy of student records by allowing access only to

authorized users.

System Administrator user account

SMS and database management

Development of a web-
based student grading View grades
Input grades, management system with parents/students
zz view enrolled SMS notification for
zz subject with abuyog community
enrolled student college senior high school

zzz
zz z
zz
Approved/disapproved
zz submitted grade, print
report, form 137, form
zz Figure
9, registrar

1.1 IPO of the System

The illustration below shows the input-process-output of the proposed system.

Username or Password Verify provided account Homepage

Homepage Query statistics Dashboard

Faculty record CRUD data record and Faculty details and user

user account rule

Student grade Calculate / update student

grade Student grade details

SMS Notification Manage SMS SMS details

Reports Print grade sheet form Printed grade sheet form

137, form 9, and form 128 137, form 9, and form 128

About Information about system

Figure 1.1 IPO of system

The system will be designed to automate the process of recording, calculating,

and managing grades for students enrolled in Abuyog Community College. The

proposed system will include the following features:

Teacher

 Can view their assigned teaching subjects.

 Can enter students' grades into the system.

 Can generate list of students enrolled per subject

 Can lock and submit grades.

 Can send SMS notification

 The system will provide students with access to their grades and academic

history.

 The system will be accessible via the internet on computers and mobile devices.

 The system will allow for secure login and user authentication to protect student

data

 The system will be designed to be user-friendly and easy to navigate.

 The system will provide SMS notifications to students for important academic

updates such as grade changes.

 Can approved/disapproved submitted grade of teachers

 Can view list submitted and unsubmitted grades

 Can unlock grades if necessary.

 Can generate a Form 138.

Limitations:

 The system will be accessible exclusively to authorized users within Abuyog

Community College Senior High School.

 The system will only provide SMS notifications to students who have opted in

to receive them.

 The system will not replace personal communication between teachers and

students.

 The system will solely provide academic information and will not include

personal or non-academic data.

 The system will not include features such as online assignment submission or

discussion forums.

 The system may experience downtime or technical issues that could affect its

usability.

 The development of the system will require resources such as time, budget, and

personnel, which may limit its capabilities and features.

functionality and security.

Significance of the study:

The development of a web-based student grade management system with SMS

notification for Abuyog Community College Senior High School holds significant

importance for various stakeholders, including the school administration, teachers, and

students. The significance of this study can be summarized as follows:

1. Students/Parents: The system will provide a transparent and accurate view of

their academic performance, enabling them to track their progress and

identify areas that require improvement. The SMS notification feature will

ensure that students and parents are promptly notified of any changes in

grades, allowing them to stay informed and engaged in their academic

journey.

2. Teachers: The system will streamline the grading process, making it easier

and more efficient for teachers to assess and manage student performance. It

will provide tools for organizing and calculating grades, saving time and

reducing errors. Additionally, the system will enable teachers to identify

struggling students and provide targeted interventions to support their

improvement.
 3. School Administrators: The system will serve as a centralized platform for

managing student grades and academic performance, providing

administrators with comprehensive and up-to-date information. It will

facilitate the monitoring of student progress and help identify areas that

require attention or intervention. Moreover, the system will generate reports

and analytics on student performance, empowering administrators to make

data-driven decisions and develop effective policies.

Definition of Terms

Bootstrap. A front-end framework for faster web development. It includes

HTML and CSS based design templates that gives you the ability to easily create

responsive designs

CSS. Stands for Cascading Style Sheets wherein it describes how HTML

elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other media. CSS saves a lot of

work and it can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once. CSS was used to

enhance the look of the website

Database Schema. A Database Schema was designed in order to know the

database structure of the system. It contains the data and their relationship to every

entity of the system.

and decisions needed to perform a process in the system.

HTML. This was used to describe the structure of the Web pages using markup

designed in the system.

Input-Process-Output (IPO). IPO contains the structural framework of

different inputs needed by the system, the process which corresponds to the inputs and

the output of the process based on the given inputs of the user.

JavaScript. (often shortened to JS) is a lightweight, interpreted, object-oriented

language with first-class functions, and is best known as the scripting language for Web

pages, but it's used in many non-browser environments as well.

SMS Gateway. This enables the computer, the website specifically, to send

SMS text messages to the employee’s cell phone number. The SMS Gateway translates

the message sent, and makes it compatible for delivery over the network to be able to

reach the recipient.

SMS Notification. A notification sends to the students/parents if there is an

update on their grades

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the review of the related literature and studies and the

technical background of which will discuss the technicality of the project, details of the

technologies to be used and the relevance of the project.

Related Literature

According to Dr. Kandi Deitemeyer on August 6, 2012, the College of

Albemarle online grade inquiry system needs to log in their websites “campus cruiser”

with user ID and password. Students must have the school password and provide all the

information needed by the system. This system is to benefit by the students and school

administration. Using this system, students can print their official grades and transcript.

Unlike other school, the College of Albemarle online grade inquiry system provide

grades available by viewing online after faculty submits grades and posted within 48

hours. The College of Albemarle online grade inquiry system can locate students with

any type of financial restriction and students cannot view their grades or even a

transcript.

According to Jeff Gewing, Ph.D. on June 2, 2008, the Portland University online

grade inquiry system is an online grades inquiry which offers an online view of grades
every term-Fall, winter and spring term. Every term there is a deadline for submitting

the final grades. After a day students may already view their grades online. Portland

university online grade inquiry is developed for faster and easier way of distributing

grades to their students. Students will not be in a hurry going to school just to check out

their grades. All they need to do is to log in their school websites and fill out the needed

information. Portland university online grade inquiry helps the school to be well

organized in giving grades with minimum effort.

According to Dr. Rolf Schofer on March 3, 2013, the Furtwangen university

offers an automated grade inquiry service using telephone available at +49(0)7723 920-

1212 around the clock, except between 2:00am and 4:00am. Their system is available in

two lines. They ask callers to hung up once they have heard their current grades to allow

to other students to use the service. Grades are sorted according to the dates they were

entered to read first the new entries about their grades. To use the service, the students

will need to enter student’s registration number and a 4 digit Pin using the telephone

keypad. Students can find their four digits PIN under Meine Noten (My Grades) in the

study-portal at http://studi-portal.hs-furtwangen .de. The grade inquiry pin is not the

same as the F card PIN. If any of the students will want to change their grades inquiry

pin, they are allowed to change it anytime using telephone. This is how their system

works: first obtain the pin from the student portal at https://studi-portal.hs-

furtwangen.de. Then, from internal university phone, call extension at 1212 free of

charge. Nest thing to do id to call + 49(0) 7723 920-1212, if the line is busy, they can

try it dial later. Then, follow the instruction given over the phone then enter the
registration number and PIN, the press * after each entry. Lastly, grades entered for the

current exam semester will be read out.

According to Viekdyoll on August 2012, the Far Eastern University Online

Grade Inquiry is an online grading inquiry for those interested students who wanted to

know their grades status. Students may use this online grade inquiry by logging in at

(Error! Hyperlink reference not valid. Their school website. Right after the students

enter into the website they need to click the “view grades” and click the “here” button.

Then they also need to enter some specific information for them to view grades. Far

eastern university online grade inquiry is a big help to the school for allowing the

students to view grades online. Then this system is also a big help for far eastern

university in dealing students questions about grades, students are not even obliged in

going to the school just to view grades.

According to Steffen Lamparter and Lars Jordan on September 2, 2011, the

university as an educational institution has a lot of valuable information which can be

provided to students such as grade release, enrollment information and university

announcement. The Caraga State University Short Message Service based grade inquiry

system was proposed to have a more convenient, faster and easier way of transactions.

This study is concerned on how to provide a service to students residing in remote areas

where internet connection is not available.

Since the textbased technology is one of the popular ways of communication. It also

helps the students access the information in anytime-anywhere basis at their own

convenient time, money and effort by just typing in at their mobile phone the keyword
together with their ID number and password. Furthermore, these systems provide a

convenient way of inquiring grade with just press and send way. The proposed system is

offering the SMS service which can be used by all mobile phones. The user only sends

the SMS to the system and the system will reply the answer back to the user as SMS

also.

Related Studies

In this research entitled “Online Grade encoding and inquiring System via SMS

technology” by: Bella Bhe The San Mateo Municipal College has increased in student’s

population at the same time the number of works of the registrar and student’s grades to

be processed has also increased. San Mateo Municipal College wants to give a good

education to everyone who does not afford to enroll in other universities that have high

tuition fees. They always secure the best way to make their students comfortable with

their school. One of the responsibilities of the registrar office is to keep the student’s

grades data secured for their records and purpose. The researcher stated that the general

problem faced by the SMMC is the manual encoding, submission and distribution of

student`s grades of San Mateo Municipal College. The specific problems are the time

consuming, costly and long process of inquiry of grades, the students need to go directly

to their respective registrar in order to inquire their grade, the Instructors are

encountering errors during encoding of grades and the Instructors need to go to the

registrar just to encode the grades. After knowing these problems, the researchers aim to

develop an Online Grade Encoding and Inquiry System via SMS Technology for San
Mateo Municipal College and specifically To develop a system that will lessen the

registrar`s tasks in encoding of grades, to develop a system that can able to send grades

automatically, to develop a system that will shorten the process of inquiry of grades, to

develop a system that can able the instructor to encode grades online and to develop a

system that can inquire grades via SMS. In this study, the researcher used descriptive

method of research; he used questionnaires and also conducted interviews to gather

data.

Richard (2004) emphasized that information about students is vital, but time‐

consuming to manage and it is essential that the most effective tools be used to aid both

staff and students go about their work and studies. The Cambridge Student Information

System (CAMSIS) replaced various student records system used by the colleges,

departments and universities. CAMSIS provides comprehensive and accurate

information about student body and improves data quality, reduce the administrative

burden dramatically and provides better services to both academic staff and students.

According to Desousa (2008), Computerize Grading System have four benefits.

These are the following: 1) Compatibility. Web based applications are far more

compatible across platforms than traditional installed software like web browsers. 2)

Efficiency. Everyone hates to deal with piles of paper unless they do not have any other

alternatives. The benefit of web based solution makes services and information

available from any web‐facilitated Personal Computer (PC). 3) Security of live data.

Normally in more complex systems data is moved about separate systems and data

sources. In web‐based systems, these systems and processes can often be merged by
reducing the need to move the data around. Web‐based applications also provide an

additional security by removing the need for the user to have access to the data and back

end servers. 4) Cost Effective. Web‐based applications can considerably lower the costs

because of reduced support and maintenance, lower requirements on the end user

system and simplified plans.

Under D.O. No. 8, s.2015 effective school year 2015-2016, the Department of

Education or DepEd will follow a new competency-based grading system for K-12

Basic Education Program. Compared to the former Knowledge, Process,

Understanding, and Performances or KPUP grading system, the latest will use fewer

grading system components and a new transmutation table. All public schools from

kindergarten to senior high school must comply. Although not required, DepEd urges

private schools to follow same guidelines. Non-DepEd schools, on the other hand, can

adjust their policies in line to their mission and vision but with the approval of the

DepEd Regional Office.

According to Cybercrime Law (2012), the input, alteration, or deletion of any

computer data without right resulting in inauthentic data with the intent that it be

considered or acted upon for legal purposes as if it were authentic, regardless whether

or not the data is directly readable and intelligible. Illegal acts upon this will be

subjected under case. The related literature and studies have significant relationship and

similarities with the present study in the sense that both are discussing about the

benefits of having a computerized grading system that could replace the old system that

is used. Likewise, the accessibility of information will be implemented by using the

must be considered from Republic Act No. 10175 to avoid illegal acts.