organizing text (1) ‘This unit includes a variety of words and phrases which can be used to organize text. Not all their uses are given here, and many can be used in other ways. By connector is meant any word or phrase that can stand alone at the front of a sentence, often followed by a comma, adding a point © Also is used to add 3 point within a sentence. It Is not normally used as a connector at the beginning of a sentence In formal speech and writing. Cars use up valuable energy resources, and also pollute the environment. @ As well ass followed by a noun or ing, and can be used in an introductory clause. Cars uso up valuable energy resources. as well as polluting the environment. ‘As well as polluting the environment, cars uso up valuable energy resources. ‘As well as this can be used as a connector, referring to a previous sentence. Cats use up valuable energy resources, and alsa pollute the environment. As well as this, they make life ‘unpleasant in big cities. © In addition can be used as a connector. Cars use up valuable energy resources, and also poltute the environment. In addition, they make life unpleasant in big cites. ‘© Moreover, furthermore, what is more are formal connectors which emphasize that there is an additional point to be made. Cars use up valuable energy resources, and also pollute the environment. Moreover / Furthermore / What fs more, they make life unpleasant in big cities. (© Above all is a connector which adds a point, and stresses that this point is the most important one. Cars use up valuable energy resources, and also pollute the environment. Above all, they make fife unpleasant in bg cities. © Besides is an informal connector: it has the same meaning as anyway or in any case. This car is too big for me. Besides, | can’t realy afford it. contrast or concession ‘© However can be used as a connector at the beginning or end of the sentence. Note that there is always punctuation on both sides of it, ie a full stop or comma. It cannot be used to connect two clauses. Wind turbines are another source of renewable energy. However, they are not without drawbacks. Wind turbines are another source of renewable energy. They are not without drawbacks, however, Compare the use of although: Wind turbines are another source of renewable energy. although they are not without drawbacks ‘© Despite (this) introduces a point which contrasts with a previous statement. Note that despite is followed by 3 noun or -ing form of the verb. Wind turbines are an increasingly popular source of renewable energy. Despite being easy to build, they do have some drawbacks. © Nevertheless, none the less are more formal connectors referring back to the previous polnt: they can also come at the end of the sentence. Wind turbines ae an increasingly popular source of renewable energy Nevertheless / Nonetheless, thay do have some arawbacks. They do have some drawbacks, nevertheless / nonetheless,degree © Tosome extent / to certain extent are used as @ way of saying ‘partly’ It can come at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of a sentence, Most people would accept this arquinent fo some extent. To a certain extent, | agrve wilh you. This solution i, to @ certain extent, easy to understand, © In some respects / ways are used as a connector limiting what comes before or after. ‘Some people argue that the only solution to the problem of global warming is new technology. In some respects, this is true. Some people arque that the only solution to the problem of global warming is new technology. In some respects, the development of non-polluting fuels might solve part of the problem. comparing and contrasting © On the one hand ... (but / while) on the other hand ... introduce contrasting points. On the one hand, nuclear povver does not add carbon to the atmosphere, but on the other hand it presents other more serious pollution risks. We can also use on the other hand to introduce a contrasting paragraph. ‘© On the contrary introduces contrasting positive point atter a negative statement, The cost of electricity produced by nuclear power does not go down On the contrary, clean-up costs mean that in the long teem the cost increases substantially ‘© Compered to, in comparison to / with are used as an introductory phrase, or at the end of the sentence, In comparison to / Compared with last year, there has been some improvement. There has been some improvement in comparison to / compared with last year © In the same way introduces a point which is similar to the previous one. Wave power generators use the constant movement of the waves to produce electricity In the same way, tidal generators use the back and forward matin of the tides The sentence adverb similarly can also be used. Similarly, tol generators use the hack and forward mation of the tides © (But) at least is used to emphasize thet there is on advantage, despite a disaciventage just mentioned. Wind turbines are nowy, but at least they do not create arr pollution results and reasons © consequently, asa result (of) The house was left empty for several years and no maintenance was carted out. Consequently /As @ result, it fs now in a poor condition Asa result of this negtec, its now in a poor condition, © thus (formal) The locks on the frant door had been changed. Thus, it was impossible forthe estate agent to gain entrance ta the house. Ie wos thus impossible to gain entrance to the house. © accordingly (formal) Smith was away in aly at the time of the attack. Accordingly, he could not have been responsible. ‘© Hence explains how the words following it are explained by what has gone before. The city i the ite of anciont spring and Roman bath; hence the name Bath, © On account of, owing to have the same meaning as because of and are both prepositions. ‘Maria had to retire from professional tennis on account of / awing to a foot injury © Due to is a prepasition with the same meaning as owing to, but which can ‘allow be. ee retirement from professional tennis was due to a faat injury © organizing text (1)1. Uniierline the best word or phrase 2 Flights abroad are becoming cheaper, allliouglt / however most people are aware of the damage they cause to the environment, b The beach is mainly pebbles, but at least / 7 the same way It's fatrly clean. ¢ Wilson was disinissed from his job, in addition to / on accowut of the seriousness of his offence. 4. Huygens! astronomical observations required an exact means of measuring time, and he was thus / nevertheless led int 1656 tu invent the pendulum clock. © Students are often not taught to think effectively. However / As a result, they can become overwhelmed with information, as they cannot see the wood for the trees, £ Mcohol drinking fs stron associated with the risk of liver cances. Moreover/Nonte the ess, there is some evidence suggesting that heavy alcohol consumption is paitivularly strongly associated with liver cancer among smokers. 1g Patience is not passive; on the other hun! /on the contrary, itis active; it is concentrated strength h This Mary Louisa Smith's marriage certificate ts dated 4 June 1867. Accordingly / In the sane way, she cannot be the Mary Louisa Smith bom in Liverpool on 12 November 1860. i Doctors concluded that the patient's erratic behaviour was probably besides /clue to the mild concussion she suffered in the accident, j_ Red dwarf stars fuse hydrogen and helium, but the fuston ts slow because of the low temperature at the core of the star. Consequently / In soue respects, these stars give off very little light. 2 Complete the text using one word in each space. Genetically modified food Genetically madified (or GM) foods are foods from plants (cg, cotton, maize, tomatoes) which have been modified in a laboratory by inserting DNA frou another organist. As a a_PeSuitt____ of this process, the new plant variety will have some new quality (eg resistance to certain pests, Improved flavour) which makes it, in some b «+ more valuable, c all, a GM plant can be specially developed to suit certain conditions, and although the process produces similar results to normal plant selection to some d ~ «+ genetic modification is quite a different way of creating new varieties of plants, ¢ to the range of possihle modifications. ‘ In natural feeding techniques, which take plane over a long period and may require thousands of plantings, enetie modifications can he made more efficiently, and targeved precisely at a specific need. g . the GM industry has come In fora great deal of criticism, Many people argue that itis dangerous to release GM plants into the environment on jen. . critics stress that such plants are unnecessary. They argue that rather than creating potentially dangerous new varieties, we should Lue distributing food more efficiently. h of their unusual cheracterife[fole level Write a new sentence with the same meaning, leaving out the words underlined, and including the words in capitals, You may need to write more than one sentence. a Regular exercise keeps you fit, and it gives you a teeling of well-being. FURTHERMORE Requiar exercise. keeps you B+. Fucthenuore,, i+ qives you a Feeling of weltzbeing b Although she suffered a serious leg injury in) 2005, Henderson has conte ack to dominate the 400 m this season. DESPITE THIS © Aswell as providing lonely people with company, pets have been proved to have a beneficial effect on many common medical conditions, WHAT IS MORE 4 Despite lower consumer demand, the company has increased profits by 6%. HOWEVER © Wicycles are pollution-trce and silent, and take up very little parking space. AS WELL ASS {The heater has boen teste for safely, but must be used secording to the Instructions, NEVERTHELESS 4g. Idon’t really like the design of this sofa, and in any case it won't fit into the living room. BESIDES 4 Underline the best word or phrase. Globalization What exactly is globalization? a Tu sone extent / Moreover the tern tieaus whatever people want it to ean. In economics, the term usually refers to the way the world has become one market, with free exchange of gands and capital. b At least/ However, itis alsa used to describe EOSSGUIftiR contacts, Furthermore / As well as boing part of the same economic system, countries in different parts ofthe ‘world share entertainment, food, and, d in some respects / owing to. similar attitudes to life. € Above all/ Thus, globalization often refers to the way TV and the Internet have created iifi@8 world in which information eam be exchanged very i. rapidly. In fact, a ‘global economy’ is only possible f as a result of / however moclera information technology. 9 Despite / Furthermore, © polities has also become ‘globnirer’, ereating operation between countries. h However / Although, there are many critics of globalization who point out that while business has become global, Uiere are sill winners and losers: i consequently / nevertheless, the richer nations grow richer, and the poorer nations grow poorer: they also argue thatj above all/ 2s a result ofthe global power of lange SOROHAEINS and international financial nstittions, many countries no longer control their own economics. oie SARA ‘A Write a short text comparing further education with getting a jab, or using transport with using a cae B Choose ten examples from the explanation page and translate them into your language. © organizing text (1)organizing text (2) exceptions and alternatives © except (for) Everyone chose a new book, except for Helen, who was still reading her old onc, Except for Helen, who was still reading her old one, everyone chose a new book. © Apart from can be used to mean the same as except for. Everyone chose a new book, apart from Helen, who Was still reading her old onc. It can also mean in addition to. ‘Apart from the dent in the front bumper, the car had scratches all along one sial. Instead (of) means that one thing replaces another, 1 decided not to take the bus, but walked instead. 1 decided not to take the bus. Instead, | walked. Instead of taking the bus, | decided to walk. ‘© Alternatively s a more formal way of starting a sentence, meaning or. You could take the bus. Alternatively, you could walk. sequences ‘= Writers often signal that they are going to make a list of points, There are a number of ways in which this can be done There are several ways of king at this tte. ‘© First ofall, secondly, thirdly etc; next; finally are often used to number points in a sequence. First of all, theres the issue of ost Secondly... Next, .. Finally... © Words such as point, issue, problem, advantage can also be numbered. The first problem facing the government is. © Inan argument, there is often a conclusion, which can be introduced by in conclusion. In conclusion, we could say that... summarizing © To sum up car be used to introduce a sunmnarizing comment at the end of an argument. To sum up, it seers cer that © And so forth, and so on and etc. are expressions used to say there are further points we do not mention. Growth is ebo influenced by weather, weter supply, position, and so forth, Note that such phrases can imply that the writer has a lot more to say, but does not Wish to go into detail. Etc is an abbreviation from Latin et cetera, Note also that etc as an abbreviation either has a full stop at the end (etc,), or this is omitted (ete). It cannot be written ete. making assertions © Utterly and simply emphasize an adjective. Utterly tends to be used with negative adjectives. ‘Simply can be used with positive or negative adjectives. This is simply wonderfull Its simply / utterly wrong to argue this ‘© Utter and sheer are used with nouns to emphasize the size or amount, Utter tends to be used with negative nouns. Sheer can be used with positive or negative nouns. Quite honesty, | think this is utter nonsense! Tania’s performance was sheer delight! Itwes sheer madness tu buy s0 many shares!ilar way, to make what follows seem © Merelyis stronger than only /just and is used in a unimportant or small. The Earth is merely a tiny unimportant speck inthe Universe ‘Mere Is used before nouns, with the same meaning as above. The Earth is a mere speck in the Universe ‘© Literally is used to emphasize that what has been said is not an exaggeration but is really true, There are literally thousands of people without homes. See intensifiers, comment and viewpoint adverbs Unit 27. ing examples ‘© For example, examples include, to take an example ail need punctuation before and after, ‘Some birds regularly migrate overlong distances. For example, swans fy several thousand kilomeres .. ‘Swons, for example, fly... Examples Include swans, which Ay. To take an example, swans thy © eg (c.9,) Is an abbreviation from Latin exempli gratia. ‘Some islands, eg Naxos, Milos, Samorini etc have airports. ‘Such as introduces an example. ‘Many birds, such as swans, migrate over lang distances. ‘© As far as (subject) (be) concerned is a way of introducing a specific example. ‘Some birds regularly migrate over long distances. As far as swans are concerned. this con involve crossing wide expanses of water. '® Namely introduces a more specific reference after a general one. Some groups of hirds, namely swans, geese and ducks, tend ta fly in @ V-shaped formation. making clear © In other words is used to Introduce a point we want to make clearer by repeating It in a different way. | think you should go out more with friends, or perhaps take a part-time job. In other words, make more of an cffort to be sociable. © to put it another way To put It another way. | think you should try to be more sociable. ¢ That is to say and je (or i.e.) are used to explain exactly what you mean: ie means that is and is an abbreviation from Latin id est. number of others are usually referred to as ‘ballroom dances’ ie / that is to say the waltz, foxtrot, quickstep, and soon. introducing one side of an opinion Ira way, in some ways, in some respects mean ‘from one point of view’ and introduce one side of an opinion. Ina way, the film makes the bank-robbers seem realy nice quys! In some respects, losing the job was a blessing in esquise describing types (© Akind of, a sort of can describe a type of something. An okaprisa kind of small grate Kind of and sort of are also used with adjectives or verbs informally to meen rather. This is kind of interesting. It sort of worries me. © organizing text (2)Underline the best word of phrase. a. There are a number of advantages to consider. fn a way / First of all, ere is the lower cost. 'b Apart from snakes /As far as snakes are concerned, Spain has {Ive poisonous ores. € Amphibians, as well as / such as frogs and toads, can live on land and in water 4 You could get it photocopied. Alternatively / lustead, | could scan it into my computer. ¢ Don’t be silly! What you are saying is utterly / mere ridiculous! £ I'm sorry, but this is simply /sheer wrong! 4g. The Chinese restaurant turned out to be closed, so we went for a pizza in other words / Instead, Everyone attended the meeting, apart for/ fai Mrs Deacon, who was il, 1 Ina way /Sort of, the damage caused by the storm was a good thing, as it brought down a lot ot weak ees, which benetits woodland in the tong term. J Abat looks Ike a bird, but acattally 1's kinl of a /a Kind of wanna. Use a phrase from the list to complete the sentence. Jakind of 2.8 far asthe economy is concemed 3 to pnt it another way 4 and so forth Sinsome respects Gapart fiom 7 namely utterly Yin-conclusion 4W+the first task 10__ facing the new management will be to reassure staff that jobs will not be lost, the second half of the book is ot as good as the first hatf. The country Is moving in the right direction... the ending, this isa really interesting film, You will also need money fornotebooks, pencils, pens Education, itis said, is_.continuing dialogue ‘The activity on a site is the amount of bandwidth used, or, the amount of data that thas been transferred, h In the last scetion, we alto suggest other topics that need to be researched, and emphasize the Importance of teamwork, i. Tread the book you lent me, but I'm afraid to say I found it... incomprehensible. j For some companies, the IT assets, hardware anid software, account for the largest proportion of money spent. Complete the text using one werd in each gap. Early experiments in town planning As faras Britain isa concerned _. the first modern examples of town planning were the ‘garden cities’, ib as Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City but in the early 1900s A garden city’ was a he Cf idealized cammunty. planned around large open spaces, public buildings, and od locth Letehuneth ‘vampla. hae ne pute house, F | a bar sein alcohol, and included forthe first time the idea ofa green belt, that is to.g an area of countryside surrounding the town. In some h sLetchworth was ahead ofits thie as the building plan also avoided the cutting down of trees. and the town was | a'garden’as: there were green spaces and trees everywhere. j from the attractions ofthe site. there was also innovative design, as many of the houses were designed to he cheap, used mademn bailing techniques suk prefabrication, and had front and back gardens, luxury for many | slum dwellers from London.4 Complete the sentence with one word in ench gap. a Itwas Sheer coincidence that the two women met outside the door b Thisis the best, and easily better than all the rest They said that the explosion cannot be dismissed as a aceldent. We have received hundreds of applications for the job. To suggest that I had anything to do with the murder, is ridiculous! £ ‘The evening of music and dancing was one of pleasure. 9 Vm sorry, but ay far as Fm concerned this has been a / an waste of time. h_ Mr Marwell has brought the company to the brink of ruin 1 I'm not criticizing you, I'm saying that you contd have done the jah differently. Jane was shocked to discover how much money had been stolen. 5 Choose the best option, A, 8, or C, for each gap. The car and change in the 20th Century. The 1, but as an agent of social change. In the USA, b a during he twentieth century ars meant more mOblllty. d as roads became better, people could travel further for jobs. Rather than living in the city centre or near fnetorics, people could live tn subuthse —,and drive hetween hameanilwork.f there were new rean be seen notasaa © mael carse transformed society. First of all, more ” pH =} = a 3 4 r-) a laws obli ng new shops and businesses to provide parking spaces, which further encouraged a ‘carson’ society. The 9 pace of change was staiertig: in 20 years, U Increased in length from around 600.000 km to 1.6 million eo ARR of eens snes snaking oll and fubUGTIutY uiojen iudustries, iereasin, demand for steel, and creating new ser vive industeies. i Alling stations, motels and insurance.j the car represented the American ideal of “personal freedom’ ~ before environmental damage and an epidemic of obesity. began to fore Americans to think again, a Autier B sheer mere b A for example B such as that ts « Alliterally B namely merely dA Apart from B And so forth C In other words e Ainconclusion ——_B instead C alternatively ¥ A Simply B Seconlly Literally |g Asher B mere Cntter h Alnaway B Thirdly Instead i A.exanples include B etc C such as i Alnaway B Four example C Except for ‘A Write a short text about the town or city you live in, using these phrases: there area number... first of all, ... secondly... apart from... suchas... akind of... tosumup B Choose ten examples from the explanation pages and translate them into your language. ig text (2) © organi.organizing text (3) replacing words (substitution) © Pronouns often replace nouns or noun phrases, to avoid repeating the same words. put down my coffee, and gave Helen hers (her coffee). She (Helen) took ane sip af it (the caffee) and sai, “This (this coffee) is awful. What did you put init (this coffee)?" © one and ones ‘We can use one in the place of a noun or when we want to avoid repeating a noun. ‘Tve got three bikes, but | ke this one best. 1's the fastest one * “Yes, that’s 9 good one.” The plural form is ones. The most expensive ones are not always the best. © mine, yours ete We do not normally use possessive adjectives (my, your ete) with one / ones, but use only a pronoun (mine, yours ete instead. This is mine, his one is mine. © some, any ‘We use some and any on their awn to avoid repeating plurals or uncountables. Where are the stamps? I need some (stamps). Have you got any (stamps)? * 50 After verbs believe, expect, guess, hope, imagine, suppose, think etc, and after be afraid, we use 50 instead of repeating a clause. “Jill coming tomorrow?’ ‘I hope so’. (= | hope that she is coming) “will you be long?” ‘Idon't think so’. (=| don’t think that I'l be long.) We can use not as the negative form. "1s ill coming tomorrow?" ‘I hope not’. (=| hope that she isn’t coming) After say, tell we can use 50 instead of repeating all the words used. “1 alidn't really want to see that fl.” ‘Why didn’t you say 50?” (= Why didn't you say that you didn’t want to see the film?) | don’t think Anna aid the right thing, and I told her so. (=I told Anna that | didn’t think she had done the right thing.) We can also use so in an inverted form with say tell, understand to mean ‘that is what’. lack isa genus. Or se fis teachers keep telling him (= Or that is what his teachers keep telling him.) After if, so can be used instead of repeating information as a conditional clause. There may be heavy snow tomorrow. If $0, the schoo! wil be closed. I there is heavy snow...) With fess, more, very much so can be used to avoid repeating an adjective or adverb. Everything is sinning smoothly, more so than usual in fact. (= more smoothly) “Are you interested in this joh?” “Very much so.” (= very much interested), © oso We can use a form of do with so to avoid repeating a verb phrase. They told Tory to get out of the car and he did so. (= he got out of the car) Janet left her wallet in the shop, but dln‘t remember doing so. (= leaving it) © do Informally we often use do or do that to refer to an action. ‘Ipromised to collect the children from school but! ean't do it * “Don't worry, FM do it© sodolete When we agree with another person's statement we can replace a verb with so (when thestatement Is positive) or neither / nor (when the statement is negative) followed by do or a modal auxiliary before ‘the subject. ‘Hike this fin.” ‘So do’ ‘I don’t like seefoud.’ ‘Neither / Nor do we," ‘Vean't hear a hing!’ ‘Neither /Nor can k' We can use too and not ... either without inversion to mean the same thing. “Hike this film." ‘Ido too." ‘Idon't like seafood.’ ‘We don't either." leaving things out (ellipsis) © In clauses joined by aid or but, we do not have to repeat the subject in the second clause. ‘Maria went into the room and (sho) opened the cupboard. I stood on a chair but () still couldn't reach the top. © In clauses joined by and, but, oF, we can leave out a repeated subject and auxil ve read the article, and (have) summarized the main points David likes rack music, (he likes) going (0 parties, and (he likes) tennis. ry, OF subject and verb. Note that itis not possible to leave out subjects, auxiliarles or verbs after words like because, before etc. © When a second clause repeats a verb phrase, we can use the auxiliary part only. I've been to Russi, but Tina hasn't (been to Russa). Jane says she's coming to the party, but Martin ien’t (caming tn the pry) ‘® When a phrase with be + adjective is repeated, we can leave out the second adjective. {fm interested inthis, but Harry isn't (interested in this). © We can leave outa repeated verb phrase after to-Infinitive or not to infinitive. ‘Anna doesn't play tennis now. but she used to (play tennis). He'll throw things out of the window unless you tell him not to (throw things out of the window). Jack felt like playing football, but his friends didn’t want to (play football. Jack felt tke playing footbat, but his friends alan’t want to. © In reported questions, we can leave out repeated words after question words. He said he would meet us soan, but he didn’t say when (he would meet us) @ organizing text (3)1 Inderling the best option. a I'm supposed to be writing a project, but ! do too /1 haven't done it yet, b I don’t really like this area, and nor my friends do / neither do my friends, The news is awful. Did you see it /them on TV? Everyone thought Helen had chosen the wrong job but nobody told it her / told her so. e ‘the prime minister may call an election this year, and if so hte is / neither Is he certain to win. £ Taxing petrol is unpopular, and never fo do so / more so than now when prices are hitting record levels. 9 Iwas told to report to affice 101, but before It/ doing so I went to the cafeteria, hy The world is getting horter, or so da /so many people would have us believe. | ‘They are all more or toss the same quality, but this is the most expensive one / this one it’s the most expensive j Late my sandwich, but Enuma didn't eat her / hers. Replace the words underlined with a suitable word ar wards. a I like horror films, but Ididn’t enjoy that film. one b ‘Did you enjoy the play?" "Yes, Lenioyed it very much indeed.” ¢ The museum may be closed lontorrow. If 50, we'll yo on Tuesday. d_ We sell a lot of jeans, and these are the most popular jeans. @ I've finished my project but Maria hasn't finished her project. # The officer told Pan! to get out of the car, and he got out of the car. 9. I can't skateboard and Brian can‘t skateboard either. h Valerie has been appointed finance director, or thal is what [ understand, | ‘Are we starting early temorrow?’ ‘I hope we aren’t starting early! i ‘Treally wanted to leave earlier’. ‘Why didn’t you say you wanted to?” Choose the best option, A, B or C, to complete the sentence. a David says he'll be arriving on Monday, but he doesn’t kuow € b I didn’t belleve what Jane had sald, and { told ¢ Kate has completed het project, but I tried to repair the washing-machine © Danny didn’t accept Helen’s invitation, though Mary used to like horrer films but 9 Now you've finished your lunch, could you give the twins a Awhen he will. B very much so, C exactly when. b Aherso. B50. C that so. € Aneither have BI haven't, C1 hope so. d Abut it couldn'tdo. 50 1 couldn't. but couldn't do it fe Ale wanted to. B he thought so, nor dd he. £ Anor does she. Bshe doesn't now. € they don’t like her now. 9 A thers. B their cit,4. Underline the words that can be left out, Leaving out words may be impossible in some sentences. I don't have a bike now but 1 used (c have one. Tony will be going to the shops and he'll get you some stamps. Harry likes listening to music and he likes playing computer games. V'm worried about the exam, but my friends aren’t worried about it. Mary used to make her own clothes, but she doesn’t make her own clothes any more. Kate says she's not interested, but Rita might want to. 1’ve been to Brazil, but Theresa hasn't been there, Jack said he would hring somcone to the party, but he didn’t say who he would bring to the party. i Jim wanted to go swimming, but none of his friends felt like it. j_ Y've done the shopping and I've cleaned the house. e@me ance Rew! the sentence or one of the sentences so that it contains the word in capitals, a ‘Do you think you'll be late tonight? ‘I don’t suppose | will’. so “Do you think you'll be late tonight?’ ‘| don'+ suppose. so’. a b Bond started to disconnect the red wire, but as he started disconnecting it, something told Inim he had made a anistake, so © Ifyou wanted to stay at home, why didn’t you say you wanted to stay at home? so 4 Sue ted o each the top shelf but itwas impossible. bo ¢-Teant stand folk musi, and David can't stand folk music : cAN + Laura lett her pike outsice the cinema, but she didn’t remember leaving it there. so 9 The robbery was committed by two people, or that fs what we believe, so © organizing text (3)