School of Civil Engineering & Built Environment

Department of Civil Engineering

Doornfontein Campus

HYDRAULICS 2A
(HYDCIA2)
ASSIGNMENT: UNIT 1 – 6
Due 05 June 2023

QUESTION 1 [10]
1.1 A storage vessel for gasoline (sg = 0.68) is a vertical cylinder 10 m in diameter. If it is filled to
a depth of 6.75 m, calculate the weight and mass of the gasoline.

1.2 If a tank of base 2 × 3 is sealed on top and filled with air of 35 𝐾𝑃𝑎 and gasoline with
𝑆𝑔 = 0.8 to a depth of 6m, what will the hydrostatic force be if the tank has a total height of
8m?

QUESTION 2 [12]
A tank with dimensions 3 x 4 x 6 m is filled with water to a depth of 4 m. On top of the water, oil with
a density of 900 kg/m3 floats 2 m deep.
Calculate the resultant hydrostatic force and the position of its line of action on the side 3 x 6 m high.

QUESTION 3 [08]
Compute:
a) the horizontal and vertical components of the hydrostatic force on the quarter circle panel at the
bottom of the water tank below.

b) the magnitude of the hydrostatic force and the direction on the quarter circle panel at the bottom
of the water tank below
QUESTION 4 [05]
The water pressure in a pipeline is to be measured by a U-tube manometer, illustrated in Figure
4, where Point D is open to the atmosphere. The specific weight of the water is 9.79 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ,
and the specific weight of the gauge fluid is 29.6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 . (a) Estimate the gauge pressures at
Points A.

Figure 4.

QUESTION 5 [05]
A differential manometer, which measures the difference in pressure between two water transmission
lines, is illustrated in Figure 5. If the specific weight of the water is 9.79 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 and the specific weight
of the gauge fluid is 29.6 kN/m3, what is the difference in pressure between the two pipelines?
 Figure 5.

QUESTION 6 [10]
The rectangular gate shown in Figure 6(a) has dimensions 3 m × 2 m and is pin-connected
at B. If the surface on which the gate rests at A is frictionless, what is the reaction at A?

Figure 6: Rectangular gate

QUESTION 7 [15]
7.1 Water will be delivered from a reservoir through a pipe to a lower level and discharged into the air,
as shown in Figure 7.1. If the head loss in the entire system is 11.58 m, determine the vertical distance
between the water discharge point and the reservoir's water surface.(g=9.81)
 Figure 7.1.

7.2 A simple boat is shown in Figure 7.2 below. Its geometry at the water line is the same as the top
surface. The hull (body of the boat) is solid for this boat. If the submerged depth of the boat is 1.65 m,
determine the metacentric height and state whether the boat is stable or not.

Figure 7.2

QUESTION 8 [10]
Consider a branching pipeline in the horizontal plane, as shown in Figure 8.1, where a 500-
mm-diameter pipe branches into three separate pipes with diameters of 100 mm, 250 mm, and
150 mm. The upstream pipe is designated Pipe A, and the three branch pipes are designated
as Pipes B, C, and D. When the flow rate of water through Pipe A is 450 L/s, the pressure in
Pipe A is 350 kPa, the average velocity in Pipe C is 3 m/s, and the pressure in Pipe D is 250 kPa.
(a) What is the volume flow rate in each of the three branch pipes? (b) What is the expected
pressure in Pipes B and C?
 Figure 8.1

QUESTION 9 [15]
Water at 20◦C flows at 6 L/s through a 50-mm-diameter pipe. The fixture installation is being
considered in which the pipe diameter will be suddenly expanded to 75 mm.
(a) Estimate the head loss due to the sudden expansion.
(b) What pressure change is expected?
(c) What would be the pressure change if the local head loss was not taken into account?

QUESTION 10 [10]
Consider the system shown in Figure 10, where a pump delivers water from a lower to
an upper reservoir at a rate of 6.3 ℓ/𝑠. The efficiency of the pump in utilising electricity is 80%,
and the head loss in the delivery pipe, ℎℓ , varies with the volume flow rate, Q, according to the
empirical relation
ℎℓ = 105 𝑄 2
where ℎℓ is in meters, and Q is in 𝑚3 /𝑠. Determine the electricity demand of the pump in units
of kilowatts.

Figure 10.
QUESTION 11 [05]

Determine the critical flow depth for water flowing at 10 𝑚3 /𝑠 in a trapezoidal channel with a bottom
width of 3 m and side slopes of 2:1 (H: V).

QUESTION 12 [10]

Water flows at a rate of 0.9 m3/s in a 2.5-meter-wide channel, as shown in Figure 9.12. At a particular
section, the flow depth is 1.2 m. (a) What would be the flow depth over a bump of height 0.1 m installed
just downstream of this section? (b) What is the maximum elevation of the bump that could be installed
without backing up (i.e., choking) the flow?

QUESTION 13 [15]

Water flows down a spillway at the rate of 12 𝑚3 /𝑠 per meter of width into a horizontal channel, where
the velocity at the channel entrance is 20 m/s. Determine the (downstream) flow depth in the channel
that will cause a hydraulic jump at the toe of the spillway (i.e., where the spillway meets the channel)
and determine the power loss in the jump per meter of width.

QUESTION 14 [05]

Water flows in a 4-m-wide rectangular flume-59 with a flow depth of 3 m. Disturbances created across
the centre section of the flume are swept downstream and do not propagate upstream.
What can you conclude about the velocity of the flow in the flume?

QUESTION 15 [15]

A grassed trapezoidal-shaped stormwater drain is to be constructed to drain rainwater at 11.31 𝑚3 /𝑠

from an area of 72.1 ha. The drain is expected to be constructed at a slope of 0.30% longitudinally. For
a grassed channel like this one, the manning’s coefficient for the channel material, 𝑛 = 0.030 and side
slopes 1: 3 (z or m =3) will suffice. Considering a design flood of 25 years period and a bed width of
5.0 m, design the stormwater drain that will convey the runoff from this area to the nearby natural
stream under the above conditions. Perform this design task by determining the following:
a) Minimum flow depth in the channel, assuming the maximum allowable velocity to be 1.12 m/s.
b) A simple sketch of the designed channel for a freeboard of 0.7 m.