Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai

Program Name: Diploma in Computer Engineering

AcademicYear:2022-23 Course:CO-2-I Subject: AMI (22224)

"Applications of Derivatives"

Submitted in April/May2022 by group of 4 members

Sr. Roll. Exam Seat

No. Full Name of Students Enrollment No.
No.
No.
1 19 Kapare Rohini Uddhav 2215860113 261694
2 21 Raut Sakshi Sarjerao 2215860115 261696
3 22 Shinde Sakshi Balu 2215860116 261697

4 26 Tamboli Alisha Raju 2215860120 261701

Under the guidance of

Ms.Londhe A.R.
In
Three Years Diploma Program in Computer Engineering
At
Sahakar Maharshi Shankarrao Mohite -Patil Institute of Technology&
Research, Shankarnagar-Akluj (Code: 1586)
 Maharashtra State Board of TechnicalEducation

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ms./Mr. Roll No. of Semester of

Diploma in of the Institute, Sahakar Maharshi
Shankarrao Mohite-Patil Institute of Technology & Research, Shankarnagar-Akluj
(Code :1586) has completed the Micro-Project satisfactorily in the Subject–AMI
(22224) for the academic year 2022-2023 as prescribed in the curriculum by
MSBTE. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic
requirements in respect of project workprescribed for the said Diploma.

Place:

Date:

Project Guide Internal/External Examiner

Ms. .Londhe A.R.

Subject Teacher Head of Department Principal

Ms. .Londhe A.R. Prof.Phade G.M Prof.Phule S.N.

Seal of
 INDEX

Sr. No Title Page No

1 Introduction

2 Main Body

3 Conclusion

4 References

5 Evaluation Sheet

4
 INTRODUCTION

Derivatives are used to find the rate of changes of a quantity with respect to the other quantity. The equation of
tangent and normal line to a curve of a function can be calculated by using the derivatives. Derivative of a function
can be used to find the linear approximation of a function at a given value.

5
 DEFINATION

The derivative is defined as the rate of change of one quantity with respect to another. In terms of
functions, the rate of change of function is defined as dy/dx = f(x) = y'.

The concept of derivatives has been used in small scale and large scale. The concept of derivatives used
in many ways such as change of temperature or rate of change of shapes and sizes of an object
depending on the condit

6
Second Order Derivatives

Example 1: Find d2y/dx2, if y = x3?

Solution:
Given that, y = x3
Then, first derivative will be
dy/dx = d/dx (x3) = 3x2

Again, we will differentiate further to find its

second derivative,

Therefore, d2y/dx2 = d/dx (dy/dx)

= d/dx (3x2)
= 6x

Example 2: y = logx, Find d2y/dx2?

Solution:
Given that, y = logx

Then first derivative will be,

dy/dx = d/dx (logx)

= (1 / x)

Again, we will further differentiate to find its second derivative,

d2y/dx2 = d/dx (dy/dx)

= d/dx (1 / x) (from first derivative)

= -1 / x2

Tangent and Normal Equation :

7
We know that the equation of the straight line that passes through the point (x0, y0) with finite slope “m”
is given as

y – y0 = m (x – x0)

It is noted that the slope of the tangent line to the curve f(x)=y at the point (x0, y0)

Therefore, the equation of the tangent (x0, y0) to the curve y=f(x) is

y – y0 = f ′(x0) (x – x0)

Also, we know that normal is the perpendicular to the tangent line. Hence, the slope of the normal to the
curve f(x)=y at the point (x0, y0) is given by -1/f’(x0), if f’(x0) ≠ 0.

Hence, the equation of the normal to the curve y=f(x) at the point (x0, y0) is given as:

y-y0 = [-1/f’(x0)] (x-x0)

The above expression can also be written as

(y-y0) f’(x0) + (x-x0) = 0

8
Example 1

Find the equation of tangent and normal to the curve x(⅔)+ y(⅔) = 2 at (1, 1)

Solution:

Given curve: x(⅔)+ y(⅔) = 2

Finding Equation of Tangent:

Now, differentiate the curve with respect to x, we get

(⅔)x(-⅓) + (⅔)y(-⅓) dy/dx = 0

The above equation can be written as:

dy/dx = -[y/x]⅓

Hence, the slope of the tangent at the point (1, 1) is dy/dx](1,1) = -1

Now, substituting the slope value in the tangent equation, we get

Equation of tangent at (1, 1) is

y-1 = -1(x-1)

y+x-2 = 0

Thus, the equation of tangent to the curve at (1, 1) is y+x-2 =0

Finding Equation of Normal:

The slope of the normal at the point (1, 1) is

= -1/slope of the tangent at (1, 1)

= -1/ -1

=1

Therefore, the slope of the normal is 1.

Hence, the equation of the normal is

y-1 = 1(x-1)

y-x = 0

Therefore, the equation of the normal to the curve at (1, 1) is y-x =0

9
Maxima and minima :

Maxima and minima in calculus are found by using the concept of derivatives. As we know, the
concept of the derivatives gives us information regarding the gradient/slope of the function, we locate
the points where the gradient is zero, and these points are called turning points/stationary points. These
are points associated with the largest or smallest values (locally) of the function.

The knowledge of maxima/minima is essential to our day-to-day applied problems. Further, the article
also discusses the method of finding the absolute maximum and minimum.

• Example 1: Find the maxima and minima of a function:y = 2x3 - 3x2 + 6 using the formula
for applications of derivatives.

Solution

Given function: y = 2x3 - 3x2 + 6

Using the second order derivative test we can find the maxima and minima of a function:

Taking first order derivative:

y = 2x3 - 3x2 + 6 -------------(eq 1)

Differentiate both of sides (eq 1), w.r.t - x.

⇒ dy/dx = d/dx (2x3) - d/dx (3x2) + d/dx (6)

⇒ dy/dx = 6x2 - 6x + 0
⇒ dy/dx = 6x2 - 6x ----------------(eq 2)

Putting dy/dx = 0 to find critical points.

⇒ 6x2 - 6x = 0

⇒ 6x (x - 1) = 0

⇒ x = 0,1

The critical points are 0 & 1.

Differentiate both sides of (eq 2), w.r.t - x.

⇒ d2y/dx2 = d/dx (6x2) - d/dx (6x)

⇒ d2y/dx2 = 12x - 6

Now, put the value of x and find the max or min value.

At x = 0, d2y/dx2 = 12(0) - 6 = -6, hence x = 0 is a maxima

10
 At x = 1, d2y/dx2 = 12(1) - 6 = 6, hence x = 1 is a minima

Answer: The maxima of the function is at x = 0 and minima of the function is at x = 1.

• Example 2: If f(4) = 5, and f'(4) = 9, find the value of f(4.1) using the application of
derivatives.

Solution:

Given: f(4) = 5, and f'(4) = 9

To find: f(4.1)

Using formula for approximation:

L(x) = f(a) + f'(a)(x−a)

L(x) = 5 + 9 (4.1-4)

L(x) = 5 + 9(0.1)

L(x) = 5.9

Answer: The value of f(4.1) is 5.9.

11
The Radius of Curvature :

The spatial arrangement from the vertex to the middle of curvature is known as the radius of curvature
(represented as R). Any circles’ radius approximate radius at any point is called the radius of curvature
of that curve, or the vector length of curvature.

1. Find the radius of curvature of for 3x² + 2x – 5 at x = 1

Answer:
The radius of curvature.
y = 3x² +2x-5
dy / dx = 6x + 2
d²y / dx² = 6
By using the formula of curvature, we get:
R = (1+(dy / dx)²)3/2 / |d2y / dx²|
By putting down the values, we get,
R=(1+(6x+2)²)3/2 / 6
R=(1+(36x+4 + 24x)3/2 / 6
Now putting x = 1
R=(36+5 + 24)3/2 / 6
R = (65)3/2 / 6
R = 87.34
Hence, the radius of curvature is 87.34.

12
 Conclusion

Thus, we can conclude that derivatives are an important part of calculus calculations. The different
derivative formulas of hyperbolic function, log function, inverse hyperbolic function, exponential
function, trigonometric function, and inverse trigonometric function need to be learned to
differentiate the derivative. Derivatives are useful to find the slope of the line or curve at any point on
a graph.

13
 References

https://byjus.com/jee/methods-of-differentiation/
https://byjus.com/maths/differentiation-rules/
https://byjus.com/derivative-formula/

14