Chapter 21 Study Guide

1) Define: Belle époque

.Period prior to the First World War characterized by socioeconomic and cultural progress and,
consequently, leisure.
2) What led to the greatest period of European migration to the United States?
.It led to rapid population growth, class rule, and economic modernization .
3) Name the person who instituted old-age pensions (the forerunner of Social Security in the
United States), government-sponsored medical care, unemployment insurance, and
accident insurance in Germany.
.Otto Von Bismarck
4) What was an issue that united most women across barriers of class or nationality during
the 19-20th century?
.The theme that brought them together was about new rights, jobs and attitudes about gender.
5) When did women earn the right to vote in British and American national elections?
.They got it in August 1920
6) Who created the unconventional Le Déjeuner sur l'Herbe (Luncheon on the Grass)?
. Édouard Mane

7) Define: Impressionism
.A style or movement in painting originating in France in the 1860s, characterized by a concern
with depicting the visual impression of the moment, especially in terms of the shifting effect of
light and color.

8) Who painted Impression, Sunrise (1872)? What is the art style it represents?
(Impressionism, Realism, Romanticism?)
*Know that this is the canvas that inspired the label impressionist.

. Claude Monet
9) Who painted Le Moulin de la Galette (1876). What is its art style?
.Pierre-Auguste Renoir's 1876 painting Le Moulin de la Galette is an early French impressionist
painting

10) Name an impressionist painter who was strongly influenced by the developing art of
photography.
.Edgar Degas
11) Who painted Young Girl by the Window (1878)? What is its art style?

.Berthe Morisot in 1878, with the style of impressionism.

11) Does The Gross Clinic by Thomas Eakins lean more towards impressionism or realism
art movements?
.Realism art movements

12) Define: Postimpressionism

.A theory or practice of art originating in France in the last quarter of the 19th century that in
revolt against impressionism stresses variously volume, picture structure, or expressionism.
13) Define: Pointillism. Who created this technique?
.A technique of painting in which small, distinct dots of color are applied in patterns to form an
image and creating Georges Seurat and Paul Signac 
14) Who painted A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte? What art style does it
represent? Which innovative technique does the artist use here? What replaces the
spontaneity of direct painting found in Impressionism?
.Georges Seurat, represents the work portrays fashionable Parisians enjoying the Sunday
afternoon sun on the banks of the Seine, the technique he used was pointillism, and what
replaces it is
print sunrise
15) Name the Postimpressionist artist credited with having led the revolution of abstraction in
modern art from the first steps made by Manet, Monet, and Seurat.
.Paul Cezanne
16) Who painted Mont Sainte-Victoire (1904–1906)? What art style does it represent?
.Paul Cezanne and style is reform Impressionism

17) Who painted Starry Night (1889)? What art style does it represent? What did the artist
suffer from ? Where did the artist paint this famous work?
.It was painted by Vincent van Gogh, it represents the art style of graphic representation, he
suffered from personality disorders, bipolar disorder with episodes of depression and
 hypomania, epilepsy and also paranoid schizophrenia, and was painted in Saint-Rémy-de-
Sanatorium. provence

18) Define: Synthetism

.An art theory current in France about 1890 that a painting is to be considered a formal
arrangement of color on a flat surface before it is a particular representation compare nabi.
19) Who painted Vision after the Sermon (Jacob Wrestling with the Angel)? What art
technique is illustrated here? What are 2 elements the artist combines?
.It was painted by Paul Gauguin, the Oil technique, and the two elements a scene from the Bible
in which Jacob fights with an angel.

20) Name the 19th-century artist who changed the course of the history of sculpture by
applying tohis work the very principles on which modern painting was based, including
Realism, Symbol-ism, and Impressionism
.Auguste Rodin
21) Who sculpted The Burghers of Calais?
.Auguste Rodin

22) Define: Fauvism

.Fauvism is the name applied to the work produced by a group of artists (which included Henri
Matisse and André Derain) from around 1905 to 1910, which is characterised by strong colours
and fierce brushwork.
23) What short-lived art style does Henri Matisse's Harmony in Red (The Red Room)
represent?
.Fauvism

24) Define: Expressionism

.A style of art, literature, and music that uses symbols and exaggeration to represent emotions,
rather than representing physical reality .
25) Instead of the external realism of things, what do expressionists tend to communicate in
their pieces?
.They tend to communicate the expression of the author's feelings and emotions rather than the
representation of objective reality.
26) What are some stylistic characteristics of expressionist works of art?
.Extreme angles, flat shapes, loud colors and distorted views

27) Who created The Scream (1893)? What art style does it represent?
.Norwegian artist Edvard Munch and represent anxiety a common human condition, which then
went on to influence the Expressionist movement .

28) Who composed Improvisation 28? Would this be considered abstract or figurative art?
.It was composed by Vasily Kandinsky and is considered expressive abstract
29) Define: Cubism
.A revolutionary new approach to representing reality 
30) Who painted Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907)?
*Notice the fragmentation, distortion, and abstraction of the forms.

.Pablo Picasso

31) Define: Analytic Cubism

.A style of Cubism that fractured the subject into multi-layered, angular, surfaces that brought
still lifes and portraiture close to a point of total abstraction
32) What's the most significant contribution of cubism? (hint: concerning the pictorial space)
. His contribution was the forerunner of abstraction and artistic subjectivity in its contemporary
sense.
33) Which type of cubism is Picasso's The Aficionado (or The Bullfight)(1912)? What the
purpose of the The monochromatic palette?

.Analytical cubism, and its purpose is that a single color forms the basis of the color
design of the room

34) Define: Trompe l’oeil, Synthetic Cubism, Collage

.Trompe l’oeil,the representation of an object with such verisimilitude as to deceive the viewer
concerning the material reality of the object.

. Synthetic Cubism,the later phase of cubism, generally considered to run from about 1912 to
1914, characterised by simpler shapes and brighter colours .

.Collage,the technique and the resulting work of art in which pieces of paper, photographs,
fabric and other ephemera are arranged and stuck down onto a supporting surface.
35) Who composed Still life with Violin and Pipe (formerly called "Le Quotidien")(1913–
1914)? What type of cubism is presented here?
.George Braque,cubism represent analytic Cubism
36) Define: Futurism
.An talian art movement of the early twentieth century that aimed to capture in art the
dynamism and energy of the modern world
37) Who created Unique Forms of Continuity in Space (1913). What's its art style?
. Umberto Boccion,and art style futurist

ARCHITECTURE
38) What are some of the consequences of the introduction of cast iron in Nineteenth-century
architecture?
.Allowed for strong structures with wide open interior spaces

39) What is the name of this structure? Location? And its architect?
.Torre Eiffel, Banks of the Seine in Paris, and creator Gustave Eiffel
40) Where is the Wainwright Building by architect Louis Sullivan (1890–1891) located?
What are some of the benefits of its steel-cage construction?
. It is located in Saint Louis Missouri,gives a clear view of anything stored inside and provides easy
access to them either through doors, drop-fronts, or drop-tops
41) Where is Casa Milà Apartment House (1905–1907) located? Who was the architect?
.Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Antoni Gaudi and Joseph Maria Jujol

MUSIC
42) Watch this aria, "Habanera," and know the name of the composer and name of the Opera
it is part of:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ_HHRJf0xg
Note: remember, all videos will appear as audio (without the song's name) in the exam.
You must listen to them and recognize them when you hear them.

.Opera Comique Carmen,George Bizet

43) Watch this aria "Che gelida manina," know the name of the composer and name of the
Opera it is part of:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tlM9arIzZc

.La bohème Giacomo Puccini's opera

44) Listen to "When I Was a Lad" by Gilbert and Sullivan. Know this is an example of a
patter song. What is a patter song? What type of opera is this?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kfao1s3Tiek

.Discovery, representation, selection and performance of repeating structures within

individual pieces, the light opera class
45) Who composed the music to the "Waltz of the flowers"? Which ballet does it come from?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKcZL8q1eBw
Note: remember, all videos will appear as audio (without the song's name) in the exam.
You must listen to them and recognize them when you hear them.
 .Tchaikovsky,comes from the second act of the perennial ballet The Nutcracker
46) Who composed Clair the lune? What is its music style? (Romanticism? Impressionism?)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZrm9h3JRGs

.Claude Debussy,music style impressionism

47) Name 2 composers acclaimed as the founders of modern music.
.George Antheil (1900–1959)
.Milton Babbitt (1916–2011)

48) Define: Atonal

.Marked by avoidance of traditional musical tonality.
49) What is one of the principal effects of atonality?
.Creates difficulties in some aesthetic aspects, such as a memory of melodies [5] and emotional
responses 
50) Listen to "Mondestrunken" (Moon drunk) from the melodrama Pierrot Lunaire, Op. 21.
Who composed it? What is the name of the vocal technique employed here and mainly
associated with this composition? Also, know it is an example of atonal music.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5DNxRG2-ow&t=18s

.Arnold Schönbergk, the technique is Sprechstimme

51) Define: Twelve-tone technique. Who created it?

.Twelve-tone technique is a method of musical composition, where all of the twelve notes of
the chromatic scale are used in a fixed order, which is then used in various systematic ways, with
all of the notes generally given more-or-less equal importance.Created for Schoenberg,
52) Listen to "Dance of the Adolescents" from The Rite of Spring. Who composed it? What
does the ballet's theme illustrate? (Refer to the information about ritual and sacrifice).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-8Eu1C4LZPc

.Composed for Stravinsky's,sacrifice

LITERATURE
53) Define: Stream of consciousness
.A is a narrative style that tries to capture a character's thought process in a realistic way
54) What was writer Mark Twain concerned with that explains the darker tone of his writings
as time passed?
.Moralist, more clearly on the issue of slavery.
55) Name a feminist author who wrote of women's lives and position in Victorian society
during this era.
.HARRIET TAYLOR
56) Name an author from India who wrote the celebrated novel Kim (1901) and was awarded
the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1907.
.Rudyard Kipling
57) Why was The Awakening by Kate Chopin banned when first published in 1899? What's
its principal theme?
. It was banned because it was expected to be kinky, vulgar and unpleasant and its main theme
is a woman's desire to find and live fully within her true self.