Computer Science Notes
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Binary system
• A computer has many electronic components known as switches
• They have two states: on and off
• Binary works the same way:
a. 1↔ON
b. 0↔OFF
2. Bit↔A single binary digit
3. Nibble↔4 bit
4. Byte↔8 bits
• A byte is the smallest unit of memory of the computer system
5. Kilobyte↔1024 bytes(2^10)
6. Megabyte↔1024^2 bytes(2^20)
7. Gigabyte↔1024^3 bytes(2^30)
8. Terabyte↔1024^4 bytes(2^40)
9. Petabyte↔1024^5(bytes)(2^50)
• Overflow error→A CPU with an 8-bit register gas a capacity of up to 11111111. If you add
another bit, it results in overflow error
10. Word size↔The number of bits a register can hold
11. 115(denary > binary)↔01110011
• Error messages contain→a hex number that shwos the memory location of the error
•
12. Hexadecimal↕
• Message―Typo
• Hexadecimal is base {{0559430766605542::16}}
• 4 bits make up one hex digit
• Hex uses letters and number, after 9
•
13. Colours in HEX
a. Blue↔#0000FF
b. White↔#FFFFFF
c. Yellow↔#FFFF00
d. Black↔#000000
e. Red↔#FF0000
f. Green↔#00FF00
g. Cyan↔#00FFFF
•
•
• Ascii:
14. ASCII
15. Number of Upper+Lower case in Ascii↔52 Characters
16. Numbers(0-9) in Ascii↔10 characters
17. punctuation, space, other symbols in ascii↔33
18. Control codes in ascii↔32
• ASCII can represent {{9165739015043903::128}} different characters
• Ascii is only used for English
•
19. URL↔Uniform resource locator
• Urls are represented by hexadecimal values
• The Ascii codes represent the web address
•
20. MAC address↔The number that uniquely identifies a device on the internet, the address on
the NetworkInterfaceCard(NIC)
21. 1st half of Mac address↔Identification number of the manufacturer
22. 2nd half of Mac address↔serial number of the device
•
• Character sets:
23. Character↔A symbol present on the keyboard
• Character set→A complete set of all the characters
24. Extended ASCII↔Consists of an 8-bit charcter set, and can have 256 different characters
• Extended Ascii includes characters used in European languages
•
25. Unicode
• Unicode is a {{5266681904651203::32}} bit character system, that can doe several
billion different characters
• Unicode accommodates for languages around the world
•
•
• Images:
• Images are made of tiny elements called {{39359526847310566::pixels}}
26. Colour depth↔Number of bits per pixel
• Bitmaps
• Vectors
27. Resolution↔The number of pixels in a unit
•
28. Metadata↔Date about data such as the filename, the format, the time and date, etc.
