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    Notes Energy

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    Rasha Ghabboun
    Energy can be transferred and transformed from one form to another. Sun provides energy that plants absorb and store chemically. This energy is transferred when animals and humans eat plants. Thermal power plants convert chemical energy from coal to heat and then to electrical energy. Hydroelectric plants use gravitational potential energy of stored water and convert it to kinetic and then mechanical energy that powers turbines to generate electricity. Solar and wind power also directly convert light and wind kinetic energy into electrical energy. Conductors allow electricity to flow through a circuit, while insulators do not. Ammeters and voltmeters are used to measure current and voltage in circuits.

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    Notes Energy

    Uploaded by

    Rasha Ghabboun
    31 views7 pages
    Energy can be transferred and transformed from one form to another. Sun provides energy that plants absorb and store chemically. This energy is transferred when animals and humans eat plants. Thermal power plants convert chemical energy from coal to heat and then to electrical energy. Hydroelectric plants use gravitational potential energy of stored water and convert it to kinetic and then mechanical energy that powers turbines to generate electricity. Solar and wind power also directly convert light and wind kinetic energy into electrical energy. Conductors allow electricity to flow through a circuit, while insulators do not. Ammeters and voltmeters are used to measure current and voltage in circuits.

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    Energy can be transferred and transformed from one form to another. Sun provides energy that plants absorb and store chemically. This energy is transferred when animals and humans eat plants. Thermal power plants convert chemical energy from coal to heat and then to electrical energy. Hydroelectric plants use gravitational potential energy of stored water and convert it to kinetic and then mechanical energy that powers turbines to generate electricity. Solar and wind power also directly convert light and wind kinetic energy into electrical energy. Conductors allow electricity to flow through a circuit, while insulators do not. Ammeters and voltmeters are used to measure current and voltage in circuits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    31 views7 pages

    Notes Energy

    Uploaded by

    Rasha Ghabboun
    Energy can be transferred and transformed from one form to another. Sun provides energy that plants absorb and store chemically. This energy is transferred when animals and humans eat plants. Thermal power plants convert chemical energy from coal to heat and then to electrical energy. Hydroelectric plants use gravitational potential energy of stored water and convert it to kinetic and then mechanical energy that powers turbines to generate electricity. Solar and wind power also directly convert light and wind kinetic energy into electrical energy. Conductors allow electricity to flow through a circuit, while insulators do not. Ammeters and voltmeters are used to measure current and voltage in circuits.

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    of 7

    TOPIC : ENERGY &ELECTRICITY

    MERRYLAND INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL


    DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
    GRADE 6

    Energy conversion or transformation


    Energy transformation means energy changing from one form to another form.

    Sun is a primary source of energy. All the energy comes from sun.
    Plant cells absorb sun’s energy and stores it in the form of
    chemical energy. We eat plants and other animals that eat plants
    this is how we get our energy.

    SU
    N
    "Generating" energy also means converting energy from one form into another. We can
    say that a diesel engine generates energy, which means that the engine converts
    chemical energy of oil into mechanical energy.

    A diesel engine converts chemical energy of oil into


    mechanical energy. .

    Also, a wind turbine generates energy, which means it converts kinetic energy
    from wind into mechanical energy.

    In solar photovoltaic cell generates energy by converting light energy into


    electricity.

    Example involving potential and kinetic energy.

    Kinetic to potential

    On the way up a hill, kinetic energy turns into potential


    energy. (The roller coaster loses speed as it gains height).

    Potential to kinetic

    On the way down a hill, potential energy turns into kinetic energy. (The roller coaster
    loses height as it gains speed).

    Law of conservation of energy

    No energy can be created or destroyed. All we can do is transform or convert energy


    from one form into another.
    Different types of Power plants

    1. Thermal power plant


    2. Hydroelectric power plant
    3. Solar power plant
    4. Wind power plant

    1. Thermal power plant:

    Source: Coal, Oil, Natural gas.

    Energy transfer cycle


    Chemical Heat kinetic Mechanical Electrical

     A Thermal Power Plant converts the heat energy of coal into electrical energy.
     Coal is burnt in a boiler which converts water into steam.
     Steam causes the huge turbines to rotate. The magnetic field in the generator
    is disturbed electricity is produced.
     In thermal generating stations coal, oil, natural gas etc. are employed as
    primary sources of energy.

    2. HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

    Source: Water

    Gravitational Kinetic energy Mechanical energy Electrical


    Potential energy (running water) (rotating turbine)
    (Water stored in dam)

     The gravitational potential energy of water stored in a dam.


     Kinetic energy of running water is used to turn turbine.
     Water turns the turbine which is mechanical energy.
     Electricity is produced.
    3. SOLAR POWER GENERATOR

    Energy transfer cycle


    Light Electric

    Source: Solar energy

    Solar energy is the energy received by the earth from the sun. This energy is in the
    form of solar radiation, which makes the production of solar electricity possible

    4. Wind Power Plant

    Energy transfer cycle

    Kinetic Mechanical Electrical

    Source: Wind

     The kinetic energy of moving wind is used to


    turn turbine
     Rotating turbine which is mechanical energy.
     Is used to produce electricity.

    Electricity
    All the materials in the universe are made up of atoms

    Atom: basic building blocks of matter it consist of outermost electron and nucleus which
    consist of protons and neutrons

    Nucleus: The atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and
    neutrons at the center of an atom.
     Electricity: a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles
    (such as electrons)

     Conductors: which allow the electricity to flow


    Examples: Silver, copper, aluminium

     Insulators: which do not allow electricity to flow


    Examples: plastic, glass, wood

     Current: it is the flow of electrons in a conductor.

     Voltage: is what makes electric charges move. It is the 'push' that causes charges
    to move in a wire.

     Resistance: opposition offere by a material to the flow of electrons.


    Resistance can be increased by increasing the length of wire or conductor.

    Difference between conductor and insulator

    Conductor Insulator
    Materials which allow electrons to Material which do not allow electrons
    flow to flow
    Metals like silver, copper, aluminium Like glass, plastic, wood
    Electron that are not tightly held to Electron thar are tightly held to nuclei
    nuclei

    Electrical symbol: is a pictogram used to represent various electrical and electronic


    devices (Such as wires, bulb, batteries, resistors, motors)
     Circuit: A closed path through which an electric current flows or may flow

     Open circuit: a open path through which current will not flow

     Short circuit: is an electrical circuit that allows a current to travel along an


    Unintended path with very low electrical resistance

    Series circuit: A series circuit is a closed circuit in which the current follows
    one path if one stops working circuit becomes open.

     Current will be same any where in


    the circuit
     Voltage will be shared
     One bulb fuse circuit become
    incomplete
     Brightness of bulb is less

    Parallel circuit: is a closed circuit in which the current


    follows two or more path.
     Voltage will be same anywhere in the circuit.
     Current will be shared.
     One bulb fuses, the other still works.
     Brightness of the bulb is more.
    Measuring Instrucments
     Ammeter
     Voltmeter

    Ammeter

    Circuit symbol

     Ammeter is an electrical measuring device which is used to measure electric


    current
     An ammeter is always connected in series to a circuit.
     It is used to measure the current in a circuit in amperes.

    Voltmeter

    Circuit symbol

     Voltmeter is an electrical measuring device which is used to measure potential


    difference or voltage in a circuit.
     An voltmeter is always connected in parallel to a circuit
     It is used to measure the voltage in a circuit in volts.

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