Often the same future event can be described in diferent ways: ¥ The shop closes at 3 pm tomorrow. ¥ The shop is closing at 3 pm tomorrow. ¥ The shop will close at 3 pm tomorrow. The shop is going to close at 3 pm tomorrow, Which way you choose to describe something depends on a number of things: * Function (For example do you want to express a request, a promise or an offer?) *» How you see the future event/situation. For example, if you see a future event as a fixed event that cannot be changed, the present simple may be appropriate.) Level of formality (wil is usually more formal than be going to) In the tables below are the main uses of wil, be going to, etc for the future. Predictions It looks as if Jake will lose his job. Future facts The factory will open in July. Decisions made at the moment of speaking | { know! Ml ask for a pay rise tomorrow. Offers (help you with the advertising campaign. Promises | promise you you won't lose your job. | Requests: Will you give 2 presentation on the sales figures? Refusals (won't) No, [won't give a presentation on the sales figures. B - Foroffers and suggestions in the question form, with and we, we use shall not wil Y Shall help you with the advertising campaign? (oer) i Y Shall we discuss this nthe morning? (suggestion) * For requests, we can also use would, coud or can. Would and could are more polite than will and can, ¥ Would/Could/Can you give a presentation on the sales figures? * For refusals, we can also use couldnt or can't. Couldntis more polite than won't and can't. ¥ No, l couldn't/can't give a presentation onthe sales figures. MS vs 83 Grammar — Ss InBrtish Engish,shalis sometimes used with l and we in place of wi ¥ | shall be in touch again soon. ¥ | will be in touch again soon. eu acd Predictions based on present evidence Look at that wall, It looks as if it’s going to fall down. Intentions tim going to get my degree, then get @welkpad job. ncaa ‘Arrangements 'm meeting Fiona on Friday to discuss the advertising campaign. Intentions tm asking for @pay rise tomorow. B Both be going to and present continous can be used for intentions. However, present continuous is not usually used for intentions inthe distant future. i Y fim going to work for a realy successful company one day. 2 Fim working for hoge moltnationatone-day- 38Future time Unit 5 eae Fixed future events ‘he shop closes at 3 pm next Saturday. (eg timetables and schedules) Future perfect simple Completed situations before a certain time | It looks as if Jake will have lost his job by the end of the week. Continuing situations up to a certain time | This time next month, ll have worked at the company for exactly 25 years. Future perfect continuous Continuing situations up to a certain time | This time next month, ll have been working at the company for exactly (emphasises duration) 25 years, Situations in progress at a certain time This time next week Ill be travelling round Russia on business, in the future Situations which will happen in the future |The company Chairperson will be arriving on Thursday. in the normal course of events Habits or repeated actions at @ point think that, inthe future, more and mare people will be commuting to work inthe future | bylene Bice ‘After many time words and phrases, such as when, while, once, as soon as, etc, we do net use wil or be going to. We use: present simple Il give you a pay rise when you start working harder! present continuous ¥ Iilgive you a pay rise once you're bringing in three new customers a week. Present perfect simple Ill give you a pay rise as soon as you've proved you're a hard worker. present perfect continuous ¥ | won't give you a pay rise until you've been working here for three years. CE Paka uk hd be (ust) about to for the (very) near future | 'm just about to ask for my pay rise be (ust) on the point/verge of |_| for the (very) near future \'m just on the point/verge of asking for my pay rise. be due to for formal arrangements | 'm due to meet my boss at eleven o'clock be to do for obligations You're to get those reports wntten before Friday! for formal announcements |The factory isto open in July. other modals to express certainty, | might ask for a pay rise tomorrow. (see Unit 9 for more information) | possibilty, ec (EE ‘When we look back at what was the future once, we usually make the future verb forms past. Will becomes would, is going to become was going to, etc. Tenses such as present simple also change, by going back one tense. will > would Then: | think the factory will open in September. Now: | thought the factory would open in September. present simple —> past simple | Then: Im in 2 rush because the train leaves at 4. Now: I was ina rush because the tran left at 4. 39Unit 5 Grammar 40 A Circle the correct word or phrase. If both are correct, circle both. 1 Sonia looks lke she's falling / going to fall asleep any minute! 2 When | leave school, Im being / going to be a journalist. 3 When Jake's got his degree, he's going / going to go to drama school for a year. 4 Watch out or you're getting / going to get into trouble! 5 When are they realising / going to realise that they have to improve their customer service? 6 When are you opening / going to open a branch in Littichampton? 7 It sounds like we're not having / going to have a sales conference this year. 8 | think house prices are falling / going to fall in about six months. 9. Why is Tony applying / going to apply for that position? He's not qualified at all, 10 We're discussing / going to discuss this in detail in the next meeting 11 Im pretty sure that building’s being / going to be knocked down next week 12 There's no doubt the events of the last few days are being / going to be written about by future historians. 13 You'te not handing / going to hand in your resignation tomorrow, are you? 14 Fiona and Jerry aren't becoming / going to become arrogant when they release their CD, are they? 15 The airline industry's having / going to have to cut costs in the near future. Circle the correct word or phrase. If both are correct, circle both. | can't come to the beach this weekend, 'm afraid, as we'll visit / we're visiting my grandparents. The Prime Minister will answer / is answering all of your questions in due course. What time does your plane arrive / is your plane arriving? Til look / I'm looking after the neighbours’ kids tomorrow evening so | can't come bowling, Shall / Will we move on to the next item on the agenda now? ‘I don't feel well at all” ‘Are you going to / Will you be sick” 7 The last bus leaves / is leaving at midnight. 8 Karen, shall / will | give you a hand with that report? 9. Im afraid I'm not having / | won't have time to finish all this work today. 10 When does she / is she going to get round to having new business cards printed? C Write a short phrase using will, be going to, present simple or present continuous on the line to complete each sentence. If more than one form is correct, write all possibilities. 1 (1/ come) into the office on Saturday morning if 8 (Jenny / find) a job easily when she graduates? you like, Pete 2 Carol, (you / show) Harry haw to use the 9 No, I'm afraid (I / be) at the meeting tomorrow. photocopier, please? 3. From the look of things, (it / snow) later today. 10 (The new version / launch) in the spring. 4 Hurry up! (We / miss) the ferry! 11 (W/ order) a pizza, shall ? 5 (The winner / announce) on 14" January. 12 It looks like (some people / make) redundant auite soon. 6 I can't come in to work this morning because : 1 go) to the doctor's. 13. What time (the train / leave) on Saturday? Don't worry! (They / sack) anyone for at least six months.ee... Lee Future time Unit § D if the phrase in bold is correct, put a tick. If so that the sentence is in the future perfect. incorrect, write the correct form on the line | think we'll have sold out of these by the end of the day. On Tuesday, Toby will have been being with the company for exactly 35 years. We'll have been becoming the market leader by the end of the summer. At the end of the summer, I'l have taking the same train to work every morning for 15 years. Rene 5 When we meet tomorrow aftemoon, will you already have a chance to look at the sales figures? 6 You'll have driven for hours without a break when we get there, so youll need a rest before we go out. 7 AManaging Director will have appointed by the end of the month. 8 Sandra won't have been finished the reports by then, but she should at least have started. 9 Ron's going to be very surprised when he hears the news. He definitely will have been expecting it. 10 Will you have managed to put something down in writing by the end of the day? 11 Why will they have been waiting for hours? | thought you'd told them we were going to leave later. 12 It’ sounds like the invitations won't all have de ring by next Friday. E Write the verb in brackets in the correct form (future perfect simple, future perfect continuous or future continuous) in each gap. If more than one form is correct, write all the possibilities. 1 By the end of today (Ed / apply) for over 17 jobs! 2. This time next year (1/ hopefully / run) my own business. 3. Inthree days' time (we / live) here for exactly two years. 4 (Gemma / already / arrive) by the time we get there? 5 {you / travel) all day, will you? Surely (you / have) several stops on the way, won't you? (we / wait) for you at reception when you arrive. 7 At the end of this sponsored jumpathon, (1,000 people / jump) up and down on the spot non-stop for 48 hours! 8 (the boys / couple of hours’ break before the recording session. 9 How many people (you / interview) for the position tomorrow? 10 (Terry / see) the email as he's only just got here so we'd better discuss that first. 11 What {you / do) this time next week? 12 (we / see) Ken and Tricia when we go to the States as theyll be away at the time, unfortunately. n) autographs all morning, so they'll need a F Complete each second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. 1 The bell will ring and then you can all go home. You can all go home when 2 Ahmed will ask the questions and I'l take notes. Ml take notes while 3 You're a trainee for three months and then you become a junior employee. You become a junior employee once alOOO Coo EEE Unit § Grammar 42 4 Miss Jones will be interviewing the candidates and Mr Dawkins will be recording the interviews. Miss Jones will be interviewing the candidates while 5 The sales figures will come in and then well assess the situation again. We'll assess the situation again as 6 Work for us for over a year and we'll consider promoting you. We'll only consider promoting you once 7 Theyil start selling in much larger quantities and then they'll make a profit. ‘They won't make a profit until 8 The publishing company will offer me a contract and then I'll know for sure that they're going to publish the book, Ii know for sure that the book is going to be published when | Write a verb from the box in the correct form in each gap. arrive * be * call » destroy * draw up © give © last © notify * record * show © take * wait Information for job applicants | + When you (1) at the main gates, hand over the attached invitation letter to the security guard. You (2) where to park, and how to get to reception. | + As soon as you (3) your name to the receptionist, you (4) toMeeting = | Room 7. + While you (5) in Meeting Room 7, please fil in one of the Personal Information forms which willbe in the room. + When you (6) for interview, please bring this form with you. | + Your interview (7) for approximately 45 minutes. Please note that all interviews, (3) . This is to help us with the selection process. Once the selection process (9) ccccccssnn Over, all recordings (10) i * You (11) as soon as a shortlist of candidates (12) Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, luding the word given. 1 Shona will find out if she has been promoted very soon. just Shona find out if she has been promoted. 2. They will decide very soon whether to close the Paris office. point They whether to close the Paris office. 3. The plan is that | will give a presentation to the board on Friday morning. due \ a presentation to the board on Friday morning 4. Are you going home in a minute? about Are you home? 5 Actually, there wor't be a general election for a while. verge Actually, we a general election, 6 What time do the inspectors arrive tomorrow? due What time tomorrow? 7 Keep this a secret. to You are anyone about this.1 Write one word in each gap. 1 The company 2 No one had any idea that Dave 4 Ann You're lucky you caught me. | | think they Swan J) Write one word in each gap. Future time Unit 5 going to expand, but the economic downturn has put a stop to that resign the next day. 3. We were all standing around in front of the TV, knowing that the Minister statement on the emergency in the next few minutes. to find the documents soon, or her boss would find out she'd mislaid them. you going to apply for the post before you heard it had already been filed? Bill on a business trip the next day anyway, or did he have to pack a suitcase and get a plane ticket at the last minute? just on the point of leaving. We due to arrive at six, so I left a message saying we about to fire me when | quit! Thompson understood the cryptic message. He was to make a be there at nine. get to Berlin on the frst flight. The office of the future the office of 2020 be like? By then, i's highly likely that most of the western world What (1) will (2) physical restriction of phone lines (5) More and more people wil be (8) that many businessmen and women will (9) with clients (11) they (12) been connected to a WiFi network. As (3) disappear. Some people will (6) commute to the office each day, but for many others their office will (7) as that (4) the have to wherever they are. from home several days a week. It’s no exaggeration to say sending emails and (10) business lying on a beach or flying across the Atlantic. In terms of technology, mobile phones and laptops will have (13) even more lightweight and portable than they are now, and many new pieces of communication technology will have (14) introduced to make our working lives easier. Indeed, (15) 2020, it's quite possible that your mobile, camera, laptop and MP3 player will have been combined into one very small, but extremely powerful, business communications unit. K_ Choose the correct answer. 1 We are pleased to announce that Keith Danish replace Susan Williams as Operations Manager from 24tM September. Adoes Cisto Bis about to Dis due 21 Penny for her advice, but fm not 0 sure that's such a good idea now. Aam going to ask CC was asking Bwas going to ask —-D will ask 3 Once broadband, you won't want to g0 back to a dialup connection. Ayoull be using C you've been used Byoullhave used you've used 4 find out more about the costs before we make a final decision? ADo! C Shall | B willl D Am I due to to the Finance Manager or the Accounts Manager? AWill you be reporting _C Shall you be reporting B Will you have been Are you on the verge reporting of reporting This time tomorrow, Barry will across the Pacific for exactly three months. Abe rowing C be rowing B have rowed D have been rowing When treating me with some respect at work? A.will they have started C are they starting B are they going to start D will they be starting Were you really just on the point ? A of resigning C with resignation B to resign D of having resigned 43