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Cell Modification Lecture Reviewer

This document discusses three types of cell modification: apical, basal, and lateral. Apical modifications include cilia, flagella, microvilli, and pseudopods, which project from the cell's apex. Basal modifications attach to the basal lamina and include hemidesmosomes. Lateral modifications are cell junctions that connect adjacent cells, including tight junctions, adhering junctions, and gap junctions.

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Ignacio, Moira Jomille K.
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22 views

Cell Modification Lecture Reviewer

This document discusses three types of cell modification: apical, basal, and lateral. Apical modifications include cilia, flagella, microvilli, and pseudopods, which project from the cell's apex. Basal modifications attach to the basal lamina and include hemidesmosomes. Lateral modifications are cell junctions that connect adjacent cells, including tight junctions, adhering junctions, and gap junctions.

Uploaded by

Ignacio, Moira Jomille K.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CELL MODIFICATION Flagellum/ Flagella ( plural)

3 Types of Cell Modification hairlike structure that acts primarily as an organelle of


locomotion in the cells of many living organisms. 
1. Apical Modification

2. Basal Modification

3. Lateral Modification

APICAL MODIFICATION:
Examples of Apical Modification are the ff:

1. Cilia

2. Flagella

3. Microvilli

4. Pseudopods

Cilium or Cilia (plural)

Cilia are small hair-like


protuberances on the outside

of eukaryotic cells. They are

primarily responsible for
Cilia are usually short, hairlike structures that move in
locomotion, either of the cell waves.
itself or of fluids on the cell  Flagella are long whiplike structures.
surface.   Formed from microtubules

Cilia villi and microvilli

Some cilia functions to move materials just like in our lungs.  Villi are finger-like projections that arise from the
It keeps our airways free from dirt and mucus. epithelial layer in some organs. They help to
increase surface area allowing for faster and more
efficient adsorption.
Cilium or Cilia (plural)  Microvilli are smaller projections that arise from the
cell’s surface that also increase surface area
Some unicellular
allowing faster and more efficient absorption.
organisms use cilia for
locomotion like
protozoans called
paramecium.

2 Types of Cilia

1. Motile cilia – Motile cilia grow in clusters e.g. the


cells in the bronchial epithelium

2. Non motile cilia or primary cilia - primary cilia grow


as a single cilium e.g. those on the embryonic node
Villi and microvilli 2. Adhering Junction

pseudopods 3. Gap Junction

• Pseudopod comes from the Greek Tight Junction


words pseudes and podos, meaning “false” and
• Tight junctions held
“feet” respectively.
two adjacent cell
• It is a temporary tightly.
arm-like projection
• It functions to prevent
of a eukaryotic cell
leakage of materials
membrane that
between cells.
are developed in
the direction of • It act as a water seal.
movement. 
• It is usually found in the epithelial lining.

• Tight junction in the epithelial lining in your urinary


BASAL MODIFICATION bladder that prevent the urine from leaking.

Cell modification found


on the basal surface of
the cell ( ex. Epithelial
cell)

Hemidesmosomes

 Anchoring junction on the basal surface of the cell

 Rivet-like links between cytoskeleton and Adhering Junction


extracellular matrix components such as the basal
lamina that underlie epithelia • Anchoring junction on
the lateral surface of
 Primarily composed of keratin, integrins and the cell
cadherins
• Are specialized
structure that fastens
the cell together

• It provides a strong mechanical attachment to


adjacent cell

Gap Junction

• Also known as
communicating
junctions

• Closable channels
that connect the
cytoplasm of
adjoining animal cells.

LATERAL MODIFICATION/ CELL JUNCTIONS


• Cell junctions are specialized structure that serves
as intercellular connection between two adjacent
cells.

• Cell modification found on the basal surface of the


cell

3 Types of Cell Junction:

1. Tight Junction

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