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GIS and GPS

The document discusses advanced surveying techniques including GPS and GIS. It describes the components of GPS including the space, control, and user segments. It explains how GPS uses trilateration to determine position based on signals from 24 satellites orbiting at 20,200 km. GIS is defined as a computer system to capture, store, analyze and display spatial data related to earth positions. The components, purposes, and applications of GIS are outlined including uses in environmental planning, transport, business, and more.

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51 views23 pages

GIS and GPS

The document discusses advanced surveying techniques including GPS and GIS. It describes the components of GPS including the space, control, and user segments. It explains how GPS uses trilateration to determine position based on signals from 24 satellites orbiting at 20,200 km. GIS is defined as a computer system to capture, store, analyze and display spatial data related to earth positions. The components, purposes, and applications of GIS are outlined including uses in environmental planning, transport, business, and more.

Uploaded by

David John
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ADVANCED SURVEYING

GPS & GIS


Athul Mohan

Kerala PSC Expert


GPS
• Owned by US defense department and is called Navigational system with
Time and Ranging global positioning system (NAVSTAR GPS) or GPS

• To determine the time, position and velocity of any object with the help of
signals from satellites.

• Works anywhere in the world in all weather conditions.

• User need GPS receiver to locate the position of any point on ground.
GPS
• Working Principle :Trilateration

• NAVSAT/NNSS – first satellite navigation to be used by US Navy

• Macrometer V-1000 – first GPS instrument to be used for control


surveying
Components
1) Space segment:
• Comprises of satellites and the transmitted signals
• Consist of 24 satellites orbiting around the earth at an altitude of 20,200
km above the earth’s surface.
• 4 satellites in one orbit and period of each orbit is 12 hours.
• Design life is 7.5 years and weigh 2000 pounds and located at high altitude
to attain stability.
Components
2) Control Segment :
• Decode the data obtained
• Consists of : a) Master Control Station
b) Monitor Station
c) Ground Antennas
• Monitor stations are unmanned remote sensors that passively collect raw
satellite signal data and retransmit it in real time to Master control stations
for evaluation.
Components
3) User Segment :
• The equipment available to user.
• Processes the satellite signals to determine the user position.
Definitions
1) Ephemeri’s data:
Important information about the status of satellite.
2) Almanac data:
Information broadcasted by all GPS satellites
3) WGS 84 : World Geodetic system 1984
Standard datum for GPS system.
Advantages
• High accuracy
• Weather independent
• Full day operation
• 3 dimensional
• Rapid data processing
Applications
• Navigation
• Mapping and surveying
• In marine system
• Agriculture
• Mineral exploration
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
SYSTEMS (GIS)
GIS
• Also known as Geospatial Information System.

• Computerised data management system for capture, storage, retrieval,


analysis and display of spatial data related to positions on earth’s surface

• A computer program that process data linked to certain places or locations


Components
1) Software :
• Provides the functions and tools needed to store, analyse and display
geographical information
• Eg : Arc /Info , Integraph, Maninfo

2) Hardware :
• Computer system in which GIS operates
Components
3) Data :
• Tabular data, Spatial data, geographical data

4) User segment
Geographic Information

Spatial Non-Spatial Time


Information Information information
Purpose of GIS
• Enabling decision making based on spatial data
• Supporting research and development
• Collecting, manipulating and using spatial data in data base management
• Producing standardized and customized cartographic production
Applications of GIS
• Environmental planning
• Exploring oil and mineral wealth
• Disaster management
• Transport planning
• Bussiness applications
• Socio-economic development
A GPS system consists of :

A Space segment B user segment

C control segment D all of these


GPS is a precised system to provide
accurate timing and location launched by :

A India B USA

C Russia D China
EDMI stands for :

A Electronic Distance B Electrical Distance


Measuring Instrument Measuring Instrument

C Electronic Displacement D Electrical Displacement


Measuring Instrument Measuring Instrument
The GPS space segment consists of
Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging
whose number is :

A 8 B 32

C 24 D 16
To uniquely determine the position of the
user using GPS, one needs to receive
signals from atleast :

A 1 satellite B 3 satellites

C 2 satellites D 4 satellites
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of
using GIS in business applications ?

A To improve decision
B To increase efficiency
making

C To reduce the productivity DTo increase communication

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