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Matrix

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46 views72 pages

Matrix

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crypto
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* Matois. Abeba * — Determinant Velie af @ square morte t= The sum of the psoducts ok elements ef a GW column wth thei’ corer spondin cofactors is known as deteominant volue of a square matrix. Frenclaad 3x3 Uxd 3 Ube Ge, = a RF, Ry lore lore 2 3 Y Jot Bem oar Pac - (Ue rr) “0 9 - . : o * of © (er) (e) o rick At works omly when all diagonal element axe Same —— ; —T a a ae and all othor{ clemats ane same a x a Qa ee oe als (x30) (x8) (2-8) & a) oon aN (+30) (a-a)* + (Guns of allelementat it goos) x (Stubestinc cach clement oF sStayuyty Watenesty ms cam ase 12 = (241+) (2-1) e-) = Ce <2 (4-t)-Ho9) H(-2) Bc-1-1 = 4 x A aquasre meta A iseosaid to be CU eymmetsic SENATE A ie) Qi = Ay Ahi Ci Skew - Symmete S¥ ple-a ie) O,= - ay Mis wo) orthogonal mobi AaT= ATA S x Every Squaxe mati matyix Can be express ed as the sum of Symmeh%e ome skew —Symmehic ies _ (atRT a) a= (GP) +3 4 4 Symmebic skew -Symehix. " T -3\ -2 AneT yg 8 6 ay Y 2 *\a 6 Oa = > Propeihes of Determinant i—- Q> V+ W latl=[al | tnol-=lAlis| Jal +1el (i) The determinant vi Oe Hiongutan Diagono® matrix is the px ruts leading diewgon ad. element - EY og ES a (gat) ales) +slo-e) =Gy 3 one DAH KE = CY (tii squasie mati ©F each element of a rus (coturn ») fs ZexHo then the Volue of ibs deteininont is =eH0- oo 8 oy. _ 2325 ns f > 1| Hal=2e-2)- 3-8) #079) lal= 3 QW Tn a square matin EF two ows Column) aye identicat / pavpostionad then +he value wk ds deteiminant is 210 =q 2 8 = 4 su-cy ) Re _ afta) ~3(438-44)ts (su-su 64 in = 26 ad > IA] = eq Ww The deteimmant Vatue of a skew Ny ey oF odd ome is NBs a Y, g: aKa °. ot 2 jal =e A= |-1 0° 3 (vi) The de+esim) + Value ef a non-Zexo skeus — samme m even ote is culos a roe = {fl = eg is =9 wi e determinant Volue of an vn cee matir, s always efthe 1 (er) - J nate = tan’| = (1) falta] = 4 I =+ (nity Te AR is a squaye matsa ak eden 1 and Kk is omy scale! the [kal = kA] a. ran 5 ka, KG A= KA = a Oka ka, KG, Ia) = ka, kw! = fon O eI Ka, ka, Qa, aD Te A Ts a non- ey singular S (0) a(adia) = IAlS +0 -L , nn OS Bepn | so ini arngutcet wa lel =o osden ‘1’ then work only Be aN Fa wo 1 ida M1 N wow ~ t as Ques tien EE lec and By, 1 xp are mull In| = ~(-4)4 2 (244) -2 (-u-2) In| = Qy o then the number oF multiplicative and ad needed to get mod (@) mpn, mpn © ' \ —Vyebu +36, - ECan bw a 2 1 n |v Pew one —m a Rer(me) aye opexation ave 8 Lb) mpm, mp(n-1) bu Be] ba bar i | bn xP | Cr) nN N-L mpn | mp(n) Ques ae Bay Burs Cozy ave multiplied then the Minium number of mulHplicodion openudion|s ase needed to get mahix ABC. ras (as Olesy (a) [06 ABC ) (A “ Cc ! = pe —> Yxarc-¢o ee PERKY = 60 \ AREA SS > wars Se —> 3X3 XY = 36 ST =4¢ 1 ak 5 ——— (e > Total = 9 6 minimum) “Tetod = los oti |athich o® +he Poltewinig. is covvect Por 3x3 moatsices PQ,R () plate) Rar Rp oF PRTPR () (pea)tee PE 2PQ F Q™ Pera ep tae bx (ppayy = P*+ PR +OP+ Q™ (an) fetal = \Plrlal x In modi theory Caos BAD Aueslions TP Aq = (Ou) where aye Pe i™ H id aD mit yren \nle 2 ? tO, Oy Eh val ne » 0-3-8 O51 Oa Os a 9 -r = Gar 93, Aaa 8s Oo 6 ee ~ CG skew Sa late Qrater. jp A= [; ‘| jis expo So”, (+2) 6 ss . he’ is Syometo c 2 aS Q & w Shon Symmets c sl nh pw SF ap” | (Pal fe 6 a8 = ties] e] ArRT a 0-3] _ fe -¥, bps % a 2 Q 1, Guestion !- The Tumbest of dit} Fesient (nx ) sypmebsie WY) ; : S» jal = 4, mati with each element being. ols is 2 ‘ttn (a) 2” (4) o © 9 ® (4) fe then [o| = —2 “he a ig a. 9, “OLE. Question -- TF Ae, onder Such {+h DABec =z men Be __ nen- singular matrix of sme cenp © &coA (8) 8, atraec = AtT Question’ fet MPa ce (Met, MM r, M2g ZL) for any positive integot ky mot Lo ) Uk UK +t Hae Wet © ms Gm com os om M82 oM'wtom bw wor Mate yt & Wor Mee re yleybs yc ome Me Phe yt . mee) Moe MP ome Ha ANAS, 19 = ae1 d=4 ho stele os un -+ Question \Y % Y are two singuloy matria such SS HY, YX=% then P+ y* 29 Ye yee ° Singalos Ix! = ly] = 0 Roms of a Motate '— The osdery of highest ordered Nen-=zexo minor is Catled sank ef the motsin. aa L ‘he determinant . as Ye 6 e 6ub matax. Nalue oF Square 6b on higher atts Take Gay “A! ey moyoa 7 . - ™ g=[' 3 as fic ey [' B bi) of =a) +63 tt 37 axy (43 Iniry Bx Mochix 1s non -Ze4o Q> - AA) =3 Take (ax €9 1 1 1 al A= |) 2 | ’ 2] Ween) eaten) LMF (4a). a-uta se (x8) mines fs’ zeao a (2x2) mines Ts non zo40 “Tekeany 2x) WY = 2a-l=1 +o eCr) = 2 we Propeities of Ronk *% The wank of Null mateix is taken as ]o 0 9 Of ele) = 3 = % gu axe in echelon Pow RISE Epevdun Ro BR el) = 3 BPR, HDR, Ry UR Homogeneeys Non - Homogeneous, 8 “Teval Selution | Non Teival Sel” FEOIO Selution ) (Non ze10 Se”) et) ky = > by = jk, | Be | ka 23 Ka xy | why Ka 2K, ‘ - 9 = | ° “4 Helo) thy) a 6 Mosel a < ae DiPPeremt Values of Kika, Ky om in Fini tetg. many. mumbey of i the Yiver solution Seve x+y + 2 sy ttayrsa- eS axt3ytyuz ° iy AX = B \sidet mented matron wed me (AB) S|] 2a /12_3Nu te Novof Variable = 2 - AW) Ro7 Ri fit ha eh) = 3. ®- (Rat) eo 2 e(en) =2. \ © Af el) => = e(AB) o-< No.of wavable (3) InFini ely many Solution % The eqs ane =) Ytaz=z 2 -@ fixe, vorktle « $—m = Y nas atyra 24 atk . |-Pe >| Sie MeL] we Com Grenerate inFintely many, Solute. SS Pree Variables (x) Number of imdependerrt Nam ables @) , : i or) Pimemsion of pimension oF Hall eral ee SF Soluchien - Total Nu mbes . Leer | ~ (Rank) ~ ists one) _ (Ronk) oF Columns 7 Question The Nutllites Of a matin A = then the Value of x = — 2 a nullity {et te Ne) ee BF Colums = 3 -(Ronk Pak een) = a " oO y (x-35) + a(Jtr ) [20-21% tus +50 \> 26x = 115 LD 4 (p) =2 so lest sew sf (axe) echel matix sheuld be zesye RBM > Bs AR rR. ) w oO LA). ont Yy 7 Ss _fo He % e215 ee ° o 8 E-T ae A= (ai) where aye 4 3 soe ne : Bn 3 all sow axe identicn® 1 1 B-- 3 aa) =! Nault = NL } (1) @-4) =® ae-%h bl Sy QR Biman + eCn) = 7 gimension of space of S72 [NeeF \— Rank Columns o Nullity, 2 n= oe Consickert npinented mya ' 6 | 14 6] 2° Rak, 14 Al k Ro t 1 1 cS o 3 Ss} ty = o 38 Al] ks system has no sel ata) ¢ te |peae because System ts Gnsis fame ar: infec Se Gsa-b 42Q =o ; B@+b-c =o Linearely dependent Vectors and independent Uectrrg's Two veclows x, 4%, ave suid te be liner dependent IP one can be expressed qs ecalay multiplication ef -+he other. otherwise They One livreaitag independent . £4 “4 Ny « [1 [i] we] ef ] x k X, SX Be L-d. xX od L. LT. Xo = 2X, Noteskif e(A) = 7 &) lal + en the set of Vectors axe Lineosdly a * IP eB)=an & [36 then the set of \ecters axe Lin dent . I a 4 Peel] Selle (Dla se LL i] + a lal + © XS X, @ie La ot thogonal Meckize Mectowg — ave 6aicl +o be ovthog onal THE’ vectors xX) & Ky =2 Mee fem awd TR x Veclox * Ot aL] xix, ets o{! = -! #1 SX, & Ky awe ere thog onc x (ado gosmxb Bek Veo be orthonsrmal Two Vectors xX, & Xy Vectors if cy «sb nse sy 21 acre = ote so a ~ yy Pre = | >, 2 JO = | So Vector OHe OMhoner mal Vector. =: Nowmatiged Vee lors The newmalisecl Vector of x is given by atl \xll =a 7 Ux Ae eee a Y It ie Ae Note! — osthonosmal Vectows ae gsthogpnart but weveis]e need not be Basis! 6 set se sy a" is gatd ——~ fo be a sis) OF Vectoo space v if it gohishies te U0 Conditions MX, % a= hm Oe lineastly Independent. ow pans Vector space v, ele) {LG Check 1" Gondi Ho" g@ndi Hon 4 3 3[ = 3-3 31 £0 so [3] [2] oye hinecst inclepende n+. 3 check second (Condition fake amy 0,6 ER isk elles6] : set 4S Neclor space vy = R™ 3 ww “FELT [ETS to baci ot Vector space p> HON =f (] eslerer (def e—ey Set S spams vectrr space R> +, get § ALITY is Basts of Vector space Re t igen Melues 4 Figen Meelorn * K ‘The wots of characteristic ea” [A-AT| =o ae known as elqn Value oF motix A. x To each elgen vale A, PR thewe exists a non-ze0 Vector X such that “lA x = AX] tea *K \ called Sigem Veclow ef matiix A Covrespsndi the sigen value A. RQ) Crompler- rictstc Pr axa. a= [ ; Cramwctesstic Ta-a q] = a 4-A ch. eq” is ais yyr-4 =e A-BAtI2 =S A= 26 Sy : ee censider CA ay Sa EA “ "E1-[5] yonk = | No-eP Masable = 2 Pe Vorable = 29) = | ° v . ” WG] he eq “i ~3%,+ 2% = © ait (de U7 : { eigen \ecker 1S. (') The Rigen Vecloy Cowre sponding lo fhe alistine t- Eignvectar of a teal symm e fre nytho} we cebe Valeo, Cleans ov thogenod. S, 4 ymme Me nen a sate, = [-1 " [\] owt be RQ) “x, & XS ane rat. %& IF all the leoding rey a yect symmetyc Imada ave ig, RSS yall ts eigen Values ading mine axa J abe & bod “| c 2P \» ok b ‘ aS} \ | etyen values us arA | | 20 Kl 9 po | 1 sea Jor BA - SAtA*= O eS $5 89 oxo [Pe [eeara7® & The eigen Necloys Corer: sponding jo the distind- eigen values oF any square maine axe et lineast independent. Sq. a=" =| a Ebel f us SK The eigen vectors, cowrespondi © tne vepeated eigen Values of o motrin roca be oats sa) censidet (p-ar)x =O (2 NLS]-[5] oank = © No.of vusiables = 3 Pree Variable = 3 Y let Me kh, | ay = sg el Ky 6 eo [|] te] = +k o x2 ky 9 8 i eigen Vector ‘4 re | Qe {a -Az| eg e I o (moh ° | = 0 Vo 0 qoa I A= G=i> Gensider (AVAT)X = © (ee sTal (ie! d doa =i no. oP Varable =3 Pree variable = 3-1 = 2 . jet mM HKG =k, u kp Q) =) k, ° me | = ky 4e= 6 raf x3 oO ° ° 2igen Nec 6 t , ° Lo The thi i vector is Bepenclini on two ind Eigen veckr- ® [C8] So set of Cig Nectoe: LD. Properties oF Elgen Values! — *% ‘The sum of eigen Values =Teace oF the mets}. % The product of eigen values = Det. Value ©F the motive. *& The eigen values OF A = Bigen Values oF AT + The eigen value oF A tyicmgulone ele oe iogonaL- moti ase us leading. Cujo ee X% LF UA is the eigen) value oF a SX fx A then eigen Value of mata cy @ A W APIs A” men GD kA is kd kis ~ l >, is a scaloy () AKT may © 982 OS » Kis a Sscaloy vi = & 4 < y, Oy T 1A (vind rs LAL ©y +OA Har is AR Gib e, x she elgery Vector of AAT 5 PAA A® A> _awe is A> Bosca Aes 3,6 44,36 saat ase! ix YX, X Ye ‘3 % In a equase matix iF n sows ave identical then (n-) etgen vector ui be zexyo- Bs i " Cheeq) la-At| =o vel 1-A 1 a [" I-A ! = % 1 tea G a(eo*) tea) nye d*(aA-3) - © ad =0,6,3 >) 3 Tws are identical , > wd be zexo eo s \ ay n(n+1) edel =. =. ei 2 ele 2.3 n nti Qus 4o -2q =” i = ~18 30 -12 ac Sa “SO Apsdigs ty = 104 A\tA, +d = tsac A) Ayre bg = eo deen Gtatss —~ © -249 - Q) G30 712 | = me 2y -s Aya, Ag = ° ; a. ° 0 A =O ° sa oO o tl 4a Cry \e" ‘ \- eaters) (e-aed -¥) eo o se =(u-d(e4) ) Rick Mick weeks, onl uy ' a ='o © aya, G6, - 2 110 oO > = - S_ .-- = Bo] B.o.] Oo) 2) Gal PSPs) Fen edgen values by Bac esd BaD * by Q 18 ot . * siti fl = 3 oO 19% >» & = @s(4F) 138in( 2) = -L iB = - Gos (sr) +i Sin(2*) we = 1 +tly Q20 Facg Skew Symmetric 7. [AL =o Ay Ag dg = ° at Rast me eigen Value = © fot et ae e eo Ld eel ‘< “aL N68 Vay Peed {ra} = (2) (PJ la} = 4 \Plto , @ +O Aids, £O gach A fo - \ ess Foanjugede of a melden) = The +ranspose of Cenjegou a matin is known as tvanju FO matyn. A Squave moatix A is said to be 1 : ’ . 6 GQ) Hermition matt if A= A he Oye Gy Fis Gi) skew - Hermition matnx if A’. -A be Gye Gi - Yr Gi) Uni tery moto ft Ap’ avn = *% The eigen Values of a er (or) a eymme tic mots) x \ cy S weal. ew Hesimition matox %* The eigen Noles oF er) a skew - Sy (or) purely * Cigen valids oa unitesy mete (03) on ot pes matrix have absolute, Velo . WY le [alee 2 Hamilton Matyi 1— Every squere matix satispies ab chosactetis He. Dc motyix are either zeyo equakiey 2, Sarat -M fr ani ¢ Gi ot Ee S| 3 Hesmition) —» eigen ane wea? == o=[ oo] ata = Ch.eq* ip-az| = ~ 4B ! oO 9 By = rr pro A + eo ) Re AKT Multiple A he mee ReA-D+A O24 aye PEGE LL ky nye tRl= A,da -- = (+!) es fenm woek of YW ore Ns S 3 Al= AO + AeA = AT+EA-L HRA As eA ae= ate aS = (2e°-x)(2A~z) pt. uA'- 287-287 42 p= uA ar 2.3! < O 3x3 more such that In-z| = In -aZ| =0 A= | Aitde tas 713 didas go Ayrdas = 1% dandy 32 Ate 8 dot A Aye GUHOH BI Q.32 Ais Hewmt ton oi = Oy Qo apply tick — Select + Q ef -zes10 7you0 Vector calculas aS a Dot preduct ab = RIE] cos 2 esos Product = \alb{ sine ¢ Ft) = ote dt dt a Scola ~ Od Vp Vector nn contd eS iB ge ave Sccuiasy mu OY Oz F a dive axb b (a) nt ap, 2% 4 24. ae g Ok aR _ ox ot ey ot d= ot 2b Hw) ede 5d Oe ( pe ay AE) (idea Bak) = 0 Vo dF 1 6 dk i } vy ; een Jengent{ Rate oF RS oF position” 2K The qaadient of a scalar wince b(%9,c)=ec is Weve) goon ¢ Cae +k 2)¢ ich is @ Vector pelnt PuncHer unit novmal vector +o the Susface (5,2) is guen by ow Oh Iv aK TF 8 is the angle between suxface FG.97) =e § OCH) = at a pont p then Cos 8 = Vino. Wate [vey] | Vee . * nx A H&G Ve xt yl gk g we ee thsh v(m) = Pl) g QQ) a CY v7 (Fe) = Pat % Fer) The divectional Be oF gusFace $@%.2) at psint Pi divection of g \ectoy & Ts given Be, 5 la] ok Th smum directional denvative +o the ay © (4.2) at point p is given by = | Vea, = » oo. = (Velde, =| Vélle| cose: Dp. = | aug| *& The Divewgence OF @ Vectrs point Puncton Fe Ritka tA is given by. dv® = vi (12492 #2.) (Bi tbs +88 dve = 2F , 28 am which is & ax. ay By Sevelast. point Punchon . VF =o <= FP is a sdensidel Vector se liv GomtF) = ol v7. (vxi) =0 > The cual of 0 Nectsx peint PuncHon Pep ianhgk ‘is given by <4 : = > » v2 Gulf =VxR = Jon 34 22 RAR By «= du” (OR Be” By Y ./ OF, ofa »{ Fs _ OF) a(R dk, (i i( 38 = Nn of 25 ) HB =| vxbee Ke Fis a \erotation Vector se Cul (Great) =O xv) =O ee \ (3) — 9 y (em) = re 6 Rea = Fel) = ne! vn)s BE A TF) = new Q) (Ber) -? RY F@) = HN = 4 v (un 2) v(m) 4) y. (*(4)) v.(¥) = “(3 Higa em .) (a egd sat) ay, a), 2a) at 89 az ep tele | eS Que ve . ° nr fk grt =|% 4 Ke me J 3 ife-e) -d(o-e) +k (ers) Yx® = 0 Qe v4) - (por) = Pee & Fey a: be en Exergy a (hu 1, ->-) w-B- bnit nowmal Vector = 2 yo = i2 oe + ie = AS = “ +222) + abst ayy EEO ae Bao = xQ2 (99) & =I sn »”. —— -33 +h » pee = ON(RE YS tab) yR=o = pe wit Ty} Eb 20) + le +e(we) os \va\ vb = (2 aed Bak at) a es +? nel » Me no 8 syn Baveeng IW wo oe ay 32 > ary won| ees 2% | s & > Be "4 new = 0 (a) © = ° y+ n= -3 C= xi tydsek ~=|8[= \eayene3 Which 18 a deqvee L homo eneous Pun cHery yw og BOW Oz OY x oz ue Gs 2ai-j- oe 82 baat az = oes tyne oe 4 y +8xz) & Bye ={aantey rai) + (Pea) i Peastay)e n © \ Un) = Qi -J- eK ~- A So dp. = Vb. Ia] _(gi-ht). (Hi 2) Suro Ege. ge $ a <= 0 wf 2 > = 2%) Yo 2 44 4) 7 4 = et SOS a ye . [4% arts Zoe et wa i a Boe Ae yk oe Fe Ques! of. { allel , (aya) eR? then feng Oe xia yi Zk Eo = fe 2 ae Cae Pe pe wiv <> GQ Selenoideal Va GE : Qusiéo te |B] = 07 are then m= 2 PS aoe Lote % B= 7. & VE = 0 ny blem n-1 = “3 Ne -2 wet . > aay tage) gate ¥ (vx) =o Grseens Theersen |! — : re Rls) 8 B54) ove two ofiFRerentiol Panchen oF x44 defined on a segian R bounded by a simple closed Cuyve c then. Gb Rdx + Bdy -\S(25 Bee | c i R ¥ workdene a aie xtayi Peaition Ede - Ade +P dig, ae del rdy 1. tee aohole Gaicle § Rttidg (change in pesition) g foe = Pe Alt Rt Stokes Thersem re Forpiztthi® Ek is a dif fexentible Necior point Punctien defined on an open susface S bounded by Q simple Closed Cusvew Cx. Hhen Graues di vergence Pheer +RIi+BRk is a dik Renent ble Te f=8 Nectoo paint FPunchen deFined on closed SuwRace § enclosing Volume then C2 open Suxface —> Stekes aS Vector a pithl > Oseen's Simplex Closet compre te> NX Vector oOUA pire tae — steke's As fe cieyb aah 2 %& 44 = a ‘3 + = ob a oe ( ig = S\vrdv v Bx airgitae

Ve Arabe yn +rabc. “< \) 6 LY =I Jesea, Cos g2- 2 Siny) ($2) de 72 P= chet tes ara Bin gH) Ss wide N VR = Sing + 0 +2-Sing = \(aav =ay GR=° 2 = 8% 9 = aert ut Ga ¥ u j (4h = 2y* J 4 ak). nds Ney U@ 9 425 3 fe uzi- ay db +z>k t finds = {5 vB dv a “0 " B = (u- 4y+2 2) = J\fCu-agta) dv > §f\ \ u- Wy +Qz S+yp4 3s = * * s og yh = i(za) + 3 (ry) +k( 2%) ja) = Joerypruzs - Gao a= 2 | oxitay) + 22k \w4 | 2 a he le : ‘ Qe ff inds fore SP s UU SS [etsy ff ((axs3)i ag: ky. Gityitze) ds g - 2 2s Vie ) ie * (8) @res = @ Se -({Cweav = Gx Yes (1? - 8r v 8.4 Continuc M5 (4 -4y +82 da dy dz 3 j (u-ugtaayda dy a Kw =} een = | \ ev 2 6 YY AO \(2e4 47) dae te el dy. Cc 429, X29) wey s 4 §ad= +Rdy = §( (1B dad ge gy . \ \ dhe aay) wdy aS ee 1 Se = {J (e- 2y) oe ae Aas Green Lp . dh gf \ Fda Rody = \§ (> . a eH GC 8 . o q Qx* Hy? Be ot Af, - 5 dk. ‘dy ab a dx SS (0-2y) de dy poo (Foe = Laat S | (7 dx = J(sr-e ve Or am. Qu Gr) { Joee p eedy + xydz (uve) © Cae 23,2. JS a(tyz) = ay2 = (2x ax2) —(ixtx YY = 12 S O19 Fs 527i songs k (0,00) — wads, dg= dxi at dz (% ©, 6) Oy ) aL ~ \=0 he Bz = tly Ne » Cue) vy fo% 5 Ysb, Bs dead , dy cok dzeds $ vomes from 5 ts L wows dere { ¢ de i. : { det Reddy + Gd, . : | 5xrde + (rary )oly t3z i e [ost tele eqat + > ° a\(ctvae) 4 ie =a) } = = r% ad - woh amg’ ‘ = zd buk a Je sine as oy shales (#ar = [{(wxk), Ads © Ss i ak = > 2% . ; oxi = |. Xm %e| = i(0)ni( ro) 8 (04) ; y 2 ywxk = -i-a ~k {edi = JS texk) ds & ‘Yeoe = (GUS 3 is Swiface asxeq 5 of ty] pe a get Wes ee Sess \. ee S cy a (loadds SO c Ss . : ; ‘ as = at04 dyda a 2 la. 8) mh “bn Be a ode os (ee 2" ve Ak tl (aity) ae “I dey iy : i oe x O12 By ohrel's [J (vx8).8 ds= J Ray paps ze | s a “ys : on ‘i | Rds =| Rdx+ & nag Along, / 2x ee Yada = long xy “plane vr 4) mm Code %7 Cos Y= Sine dx = -Sins de : “(ease - sine) CSin eee) m (- 2. © Sino + sin’s) cle Pad ~2 G6 d 6 rf de “J poke y os — de = i (e)2* ce ar NG % OPN surface line In oS by. Stroke. S Ede > es SS»

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