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Adjoint of A Matrix

This document discusses matrices and their inverses. It provides rules for calculating the adjoint and inverse of a 2x2 matrix. The inverse of a matrix M is calculated by taking the adjoint of M and dividing it by the determinant of M. The product of any matrix and its inverse is the identity matrix, showing that the inverse undoes the original matrix. An example calculates the inverse of a 2x2 matrix and shows that multiplying the matrix by its inverse produces the identity matrix.

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Nia Ram
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46 views2 pages

Adjoint of A Matrix

This document discusses matrices and their inverses. It provides rules for calculating the adjoint and inverse of a 2x2 matrix. The inverse of a matrix M is calculated by taking the adjoint of M and dividing it by the determinant of M. The product of any matrix and its inverse is the identity matrix, showing that the inverse undoes the original matrix. An example calculates the inverse of a 2x2 matrix and shows that multiplying the matrix by its inverse produces the identity matrix.

Uploaded by

Nia Ram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATHEMATICS

FORM 4 LESSON 5

MATRICES

Adjoint of a (2×2) Matrix

𝒂 𝒃 𝒅 −𝒃
Rule: If M = ( ) , then the Adjoint of M = ( ).
𝒄 𝒅 −𝒄 𝒂
𝟖 −𝟐 −𝟔 𝟐
Example: If R = ( ) , then R Adjoint = ( ).
𝟏 −𝟔 −𝟏 𝟖

Inverse of a (2×2) Matrix


𝒂 𝒃
Rule: If M = ( ) , then the inverse of M, written as 𝑀 −1 is as follows:
𝒄 𝒅
𝟏
𝑀−1 = × (M Adjoint)
𝑫𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑴

𝟏 𝒅 −𝒃
𝑀−1 = × ( )
(𝒂×𝒅)−(𝒃×𝒄) −𝒄 𝒂

Example:

−1 3
Given that 𝐵 = ( ) , calculate
−4 5

(i) 𝐵−1 (ii) 𝐵−1 𝐵 (iii) 𝐵𝐵−1

Solutions

𝟏
(i) 𝐵 −1 = × ( 𝑩 Adjoint)
𝑫𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑩

𝟏 5 −3
𝐵−1 = × ( )
(−𝟏×𝟓)−(𝟑×−𝟒) 4 −1

𝟏 5 −3
= (−𝟓)−(−𝟏𝟐)
( )
4 −1

5 3
𝟏 5 −3 −
= ( ) or (74 7
1)
𝟕 4 −1 −
7 7

The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom” (Proverbs 9:10)


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(ii) 𝐵−1 𝐵 = 𝐵−1 × 𝐵
𝟏 5 −3 −1 3
𝐵−1 𝐵 = ( )( )
𝟕 4 −1 −4 5
𝟏 −5 + 12 15 + −15
= ( )
𝟕 −4 + 4 12 + −5
𝟏 7 0
= ( )
𝟕 0 7
𝟏 𝟎
= ( ) The Identity Matrix
𝟎 𝟏

(iii) 𝐵𝐵 −1 = 𝐵 × 𝐵−1

−1 3 1 5 −3
= ( ) ( )
−4 5 7 4 −1

1 −1 3 5 −3
= ( )( )
7 −4 5 4 −1
𝟏 −5 + 12 3 + −3
= (
𝟕 −20 + 20
)
12 + −5
𝟏 7 0
= ( )
𝟕 0 7
𝟏 𝟎
𝐵𝐵−1 = ( ) The Identity Matrix
𝟎 𝟏

So : 𝑩−𝟏 𝑩 = 𝑩𝑩−𝟏 = (𝟏 𝟎)
𝟎 𝟏

Rule: The product of any matrix and its inverse is commutative and the
result is always the Identity Matrix.

𝟏 𝟎
So: 𝑴−𝟏 𝑴 = 𝑴𝑴−𝟏 = ( ), where 𝑴 is any (2×2) matrix.
𝟎 𝟏

ACTIVITY

−2 −4
1. Given that 𝑬 = ( ),
3 7

(a) Calculate 𝑬−𝟏

1 0
(b) Show that 𝑬𝑬−𝟏 = 𝑬−𝟏 𝑬 = ( )
0 1

The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom” (Proverbs 9:10)


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