‫آﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ و ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ‬

‫‪ACI 318-11‬‬

‫‪Building Code Requirements For Structural Concrete‬‬

‫)‪(ACI 318-2011) And Commentary (ACI 318R-2011‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺪ ﻣﻬﺪي داودﻧﺒﻲ‬

‫‪www.elme-omran.com‬‬
‫‪[email protected]‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻮ‪:‬‬

‫اﻳﻦ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺸﻤﻮل ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﺎن و ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎن و ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪان ﻣﺼﻮب ‪ 1348‬اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮﻛﺲ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از اﻳﻦ اﺛﺮ را ﺑﺪون اﺟﺎزه ﻧﺎﺷﺮ و ﻣﺆﻟﻒ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺮ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﭘﺨﺶ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﭘﻴﮕﺮد ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻗﺮار ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
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‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫آﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ و ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ‪ACI 318-11‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻣﻬﺪي داودﻧﺒﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻬﺎر ‪1392‬‬ ‫ﭼﺎپ اول‬

‫ﻃﺮح ﻧﮕﺎر ﭘﺎرﺳﻲ ‪66475053 -‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪآراﻳﻲ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺶ‬ ‫ﭼﺎپ‬
‫‪ 743‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺧﺸﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد و ﻗﻄﻊ ﺻﻔﺤﺎت‬
‫‪1000‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎرﮔﺎن‬
‫‪ 300000‬رﻳﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎي ﻛﺘﺎب‬
‫‪ISBN 978-964-96802-9-3‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺑﻚ ‪978-964-96802-9-3‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻋﻤﺮان‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮان‪ ،‬ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎن ﻛﺎرﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ اﻧﻘﻼب و رواﻧﻤﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦ ﺑﺴﺖ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﺳﺐ ﺷﻤﺎرة ﻫﻔﺖ‪ ،‬واﺣﺪ ‪ ،6‬ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪ ،66484508 :‬دورﻧﮕﺎر‪66476762 :‬‬
‫ﺣﻘﻮق ﭼﺎپ و ﻧﺸﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻋﻤﺮان ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﭘﻴﺶﮔﻔﺘﺎر ﻧﺎﺷﺮ‪:‬‬

‫اراﺋﺔ آﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ در ﭼﻨﺪ دﻫﻪ اﺧﻴﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮاوان ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﺳﺎز اﺳﺖ‪ .‬زﻟﺰﻟﻪﺧﻴﺰي اﻳﺮان و‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻓﺮاوان ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺑﺮوز ﺑﻼﻳﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎ را ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ از ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﺳـﺎز ﺳـﻨﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻮي‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﺳﺎز ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ و ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﮔﺎم ﺑﺮدارﻳﻢ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﻴﺮ ﺷﺮوع ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي دﻧﺒﺎل ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ از اﻫﺮمﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ اﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‪ ،‬اراﺋﺔ آﻣﻮزﺷﻬﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺑﺎ وﺟﺪان ﻛﺎري و ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﻴﺮي از ﻛﺘﺎبﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﻧـﺮماﻓﺰارﻫـﺎي ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ و ﻃﺮاﺣـﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺪرﺗﻤﻨﺪ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .‬ﻧﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻋﻤﺮان ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﺎﺷﺮ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻬﺎي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮان اﻣﻴﺪوار اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺎپ اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮔﺎﻣﻲ در ﺟﻬﺖ اﻋﺘﻼي ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﺳﺎز ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﺴـﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴـﻚ ﻧﺸـﺮ ﻋﻠـﻢ ﻋﻤـﺮان ‪ [email protected]‬آﻣـﺎده درﻳﺎﻓـﺖ ﻧﻈﺮﻫـﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺸـﻨﻬﺎدﻫﺎ و‬
‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎدﻫﺎي ﺷﻤﺎ در ﻣﻮرد ﻧﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻋﻤﺮان و ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت آن اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻋﻤﺮان‬

‫ﺳﻪ‬
 ‫ﭘﻴﺶﮔﻔﺘﺎر ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ‪:‬‬

‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻦآرﻣﻪ ﺑﺪون اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻳﻚ آﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ و ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﻣﻜﺎنﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬وﺟﻮد ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ‪ ،‬اراﺋﻪ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ‪،‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺑﻮدن ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﻮاع ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ اﻳﻦ آﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ در ﻛﻨﺎر ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﻧﻬﻢ ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻣﻠﻲ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬
‫ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻦ آﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ در دو ﺳﺘﻮن اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﺘﻮن ﺳﻤﺖ راﺳﺖ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎ و ﺳﺘﻮن ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ دﺳﺘﻮر ﻣـﻮرد ﻧﻈـﺮ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‪ .‬در ﻛﻨﺎر ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ ‪ 2008‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻛﺸﻴﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﻌﻲ ﺧﻮد را ﺑﻜﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪاي ﻛﻢ ﻧﻘـﺺ ﺗﻘـﺪﻳﻢ ﺧﻮاﻧﻨـﺪﮔﺎن ﻛﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎ اﻳـﻦ وﺟـﻮد اﻣﻜـﺎن دارد ﻋﻠﻴـﺮﻏﻢ ﺗﺼـﺤﻴﺤﺎت و‬
‫وﻳﺮاﻳﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺮر‪ ،‬در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﻛﺘﺎب ﻧﻮاﻗﺼﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﺬا ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ از ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎ و ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدﻫﺎي ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺧﻮاﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﮔﺮاﻣـﻲ در‬
‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮده و آﻣﺎدة درﻳﺎﻓﺖ آن از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ آدرس اﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ ‪ [email protected]‬اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﺪ ﻣﻬﺪي داودﻧﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮان – ﺑﻬﺎر‪1392‬‬

‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ (5.3‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺎي اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﻛﺎرﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻫـﺎي اﻣﺘﺤـﺎﻧﻲ در‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ اول‪ :‬ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻛﻠﻲ ‪7 ...................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ دو ‪99...............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (1.1‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪7 ..........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (5.4‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎي اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺪون ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﻛﺎرﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮطﻫﺎي اﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﻲ‪107........‬‬ ‫‪ (1.2‬اﺳﻨﺎد ﭘﻴﻤﺎن ‪15 ...................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (5.5‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ‪107....................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (1.3‬ﻧﻈﺎرت ‪17 .........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (5.6‬ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ و ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﺑﺘﻦ ‪108...................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (1.4‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي وﻳﮋة ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ‪21 .................................................‬‬
‫‪ (5.7‬آﻣﺎدهﺳﺎزي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦرﻳﺰي‪117..........................................................‬‬
‫‪ (5.8‬اﺧﺘﻼط ‪117.........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ دوم‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ و اﻧﺪﻳﺲﻫﺎ ‪23 ...........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (5.9‬ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ ‪118......................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (2.1‬اﻧﺪﻳﺲﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪23 ...............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (5.10‬ﺑﺘﻦرﻳﺰي ‪119.....................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (R2.1‬اﻧﺪﻳﺲﻫﺎي ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ‪38 ......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (5.11‬ﻋﻤﻞآوري ﺑﺘﻦ ‪120............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (2.2‬ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ ‪40 ........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (5.12‬ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻫﻮاي ﺳﺮد ‪122......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (5.13‬ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم ‪122.......................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮم‪ :‬ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ‪61 .................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (3.1‬آزﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ‪61 ......................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﺸﻢ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻟﺐﺑﻨﺪي‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻓﻮن ﺷﺪهﻫﺎ و درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ‪123..........................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (3.2‬ﻣﻮاد ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ‪61 .................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (6.1‬ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﺐﺑﻨﺪي ‪123.........................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (3.3‬ﺳﻨﮓداﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪62 ...................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (6.2‬ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻦ ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﻊﻫﺎ و ﺷﻤﻊزﻧﻲ ﻣﺠﺪد ‪124..................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (3.4‬آب ‪63 ...............................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (6.3‬ﻣﺪﻓﻮن ﺷﺪهﻫﺎ در ﺑﺘﻦ ‪126....................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (3.5‬آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر ﻓﻮﻻدي ‪64 ............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (6.4‬درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ‪129............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (3.6‬ﻣﻮاد اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ ‪73 ................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (3.7‬اﻧﺒﺎر ﻛﺮدن ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ‪74 .........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ‪ :‬ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﮔﺬاري ‪131.............................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (3.8‬اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ‪74 .....................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (7.1‬ﻗﻼبﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ‪131......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (7.2‬ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﻢﻫﺎ ‪131.........................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎرم‪ :‬ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ دوام ‪83 ..........................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (7.3‬ﺧﻢ ﻛﺮدن ‪133......................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (4.1‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎت‪83 ...........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (7.4‬وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‪134...............................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (4.2‬ﻛﻼسﻫﺎ و ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪيﻫﺎي در ﻣﻌﺮضﮔﺬاري ‪84 .................................................‬‬
‫‪ (7.5‬آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﮔﺬاري ‪134...............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (4.3‬ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻣﺨﻠﻮطﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ‪87 ..............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (7.6‬ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖﻫﺎي ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﮔﺬاري آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ‪136.........................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (4.4‬ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻳﺦزدﮔﻲ و ذوب ﺷﺪن‪94 ..........................‬‬
‫‪ (7.7‬ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ‪139....................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (4.5‬ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮاد ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻫﺎي ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪ ‪96 ..................................................‬‬
‫‪ (7.8‬ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﮔﺬاري در ﺳﺘﻮنﻫﺎ ‪145...............................................................‬‬
‫‪ (7.9‬اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ‪147.......................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‪ ،‬اﺧﺘﻼط و ﺑﺘﻦرﻳﺰي ‪97 ...............................................................‬‬
‫‪ (7.10‬آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر ﻋﺮﺿﻲ اﻋﻀﺎي ﻓﺸﺎري ‪147...................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (5.1‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎت‪97 ...........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (7.11‬آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر ﻋﺮﺿﻲ اﻋﻀﺎي ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‪153...................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (5.2‬اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎي اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺘﻦ ‪98 ....................................................................‬‬
‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬
‫‪ (10.6‬ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﺧﻤﺸﻲ در ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ و دالﻫﺎي ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓﻪ ‪213..............................‬‬ ‫‪ (7.12‬آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر اﻓﺖ و ﺣﺮارت ‪153 ..............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (10.7‬ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ‪217..............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (7.13‬ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﮕﻲ ﺳﺎزه ‪157 ...................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (10.8‬اﺑﻌﺎد ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﻋﻀﺎي ﻓﺸﺎري ‪217..............................................................‬‬
‫‪ (10.9‬ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖﻫﺎي آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر در اﻋﻀﺎي ﻓﺸﺎري ‪218.................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ‪ :‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ و ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‪ -‬ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻛﻠﻲ ‪161 .........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (10.10‬اﺛﺮات ﻻﻏﺮي در اﻋﻀﺎي ﻓﺸﺎري ‪221...............................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (8.1‬روشﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ‪161 ........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (10.11‬اﻋﻀﺎي ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪة ﻣﺤﻮري و ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪة دال ‪234.....................................‬‬ ‫‪ (8.2‬ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ‪162 .....................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (10.12‬اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﺘﻮن از ﻣﻴﺎن ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻒ ‪234...................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (8.3‬روشﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ‪163 ..........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (10.13‬اﻋﻀﺎي ﻓﺸﺎري ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ‪236..............................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (8.4‬ﺑﺎز ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻟﻨﮕﺮﻫﺎ در اﻋﻀﺎي ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ‪165 .................................................‬‬
‫‪ (10.14‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻟﻬﻴﺪﮔﻲ ‪239.......................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (8.5‬ﻣﺪول اﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴﻴﺘﻪ ‪168 ...........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (8.6‬ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺒﻚ ‪168 .....................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻳﺎزدﻫﻢ‪ :‬ﺑﺮش و ﭘﻴﭽﺶ ‪243.................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (8.7‬ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ‪169 ..........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (11.1‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ‪243............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (8.8‬ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‪170 ..............................................‬‬
‫‪ (11.2‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺘﻦ در اﻋﻀﺎي ﻏﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪه ‪249..................‬‬ ‫‪ (8.9‬ﻃﻮل دﻫﺎﻧﻪ‪172 ....................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (11.3‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮاي اﻋﻀﺎي ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪه ‪252.....................‬‬ ‫‪ (8.10‬ﺳﺘﻮنﻫﺎ ‪173 ......................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (11.4‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ‪257.........................................‬‬ ‫‪ (8.11‬اﻟﮕﻮي ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه ‪174 ...........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (11.5‬ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻴﭽﺶ‪265....................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (8.12‬اﺟﺮاي ﺗﻴﺮ ‪ T‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪174 .....................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (11.6‬ﺑﺮش‪ -‬اﺻﻄﻜﺎك ‪284.........................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (8.13‬اﺟﺮاي ﺗﻴﺮﭼﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ‪176 ...............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (11.7‬ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ‪290..............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (8.14‬ﻻﻳﺔ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺠﺰاي ﻛﻒ ‪178 ............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (11.8‬ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ دﺳﺘﻚﻫﺎ و ﺷﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪292...........................................................‬‬
‫‪ (11.9‬ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ ‪297............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻧﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ و ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ‪179 ...........................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (11.10‬اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻟﻨﮕﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﻮنﻫﺎ ‪300...........................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (9.1‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎت‪179 ...........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (11.11‬ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ دالﻫﺎ و ﭘﻲﻫﺎ ‪301................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (9.2‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻻزم ‪180 ................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (9.3‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ‪185 ...........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ دوازدﻫﻢ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﺎر و وﺻﻠﺔ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ‪319.................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (9.4‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮاي آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر ‪191 ......................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (12.1‬ﻣﻬﺎر آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎت ‪319...............................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (9.5‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎنﻫﺎ ‪192 .......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (12.2‬ﻣﻬﺎر ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎ و ﺳﻴﻢﻫﺎي آﺟﺪار در ﻛﺸﺶ ‪320.................................................‬‬
‫‪ (12.3‬ﻣﻬﺎر آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ و ﺳﻴﻢﻫﺎي آﺟﺪار در ﻓﺸﺎر ‪325..................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ دﻫﻢ‪ :‬ﺧﻤﺶ و ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻮري‪203 .........................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (12.4‬ﻣﻬﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎ ‪326....................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (10.1‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪203 ........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (12.5‬ﻣﻬﺎر ﻗﻼبﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد در ﻛﺸﺶ ‪326............................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (10.2‬ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ‪203 ........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (12.6‬ﻣﻬﺎر آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي آﺟﺪار داراي ﺳﺮ و ﻣﻬﺎر ﺷﺪة ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ در ﻛﺸﺶ ‪330............‬‬ ‫‪ (10.3‬ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺎت و ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻛﻠﻲ ‪206 ..............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (12.7‬ﻣﻬﺎر آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر ﺟﻮش ﺷﺪه از ﺳﻴﻢ آﺟﺪار در ﻛﺸﺶ ‪335......................................‬‬ ‫‪ (10.4‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ اﻋﻀﺎي ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ‪211 ...........................................‬‬
‫‪ (12.8‬ﻣﻬﺎر آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر ﺟﻮش ﺷﺪه از ﺳﻴﻢ ﺳﺎده در ﻛﺸﺶ ‪336........................................‬‬ ‫‪ (10.5‬ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر اﻋﻀﺎي ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ‪212 ..................................................................‬‬
‫ﺷﺶ‬
‫‪ (15.2‬ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ و ﻋﻜﺲاﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎ ‪407.................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (12.9‬ﻣﻬﺎر رﺷﺘﺔ ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪﮔﻲ ‪337 ...............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (15.3‬ﭘﻲﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪة ﺳﺘﻮنﻫﺎي داﻳﺮهاي ﻳﺎ ﺳﺘﻮنﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺿﻠﻌﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ‬ ‫‪ (12.10‬ﻣﻬﺎر آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎت ‪340 ...................................................................‬‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺳﺘﻮن ‪408...........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (12.11‬ﻣﻬﺎر آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ‪343 ...........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (15.4‬ﻟﻨﮕﺮ در ﭘﻲﻫﺎ ‪409..............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (12.12‬ﻣﻬﺎر آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ‪346 ............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (15.5‬ﺑﺮش در ﭘﻲﻫﺎ ‪410.............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (12.13‬ﻣﻬﺎر آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر ﺟﺎن ‪348 .....................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (15.6‬ﻣﻬﺎر آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر در ﭘﻲﻫﺎ ‪412.................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (12.14‬وﺻﻠﻪﻫﺎي آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎت ‪351 ...................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (15.7‬ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻲ ‪412....................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (12.15‬وﺻﻠﺔ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎ و ﺳﻴﻢﻫﺎي آﺟﺪار در ﻛﺸﺶ ‪354 ............................................‬‬
‫‪ (15.8‬اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻧﻴﺮو در ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎه ﺳﺘﻮن‪ ،‬دﻳﻮار ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺳﺘﻮن ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ‪412...............................‬‬ ‫‪ (12.16‬وﺻﻠﺔ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي آﺟﺪار در ﻓﺸﺎر ‪357 ............................................................‬‬
‫‪ (15.9‬ﭘﻲﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﺐدار ﻳﺎ ﭘﻠﻪاي ‪416............................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (12.17‬ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ وﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺘﻮنﻫﺎ ‪359 .....................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (15.10‬ﭘﻲﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﻛﺐ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ‪417..........................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (12.18‬وﺻﻠﻪﻫﺎي آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر ﺟﻮش ﺷﺪه از ﺳﻴﻢ آﺟﺪار در ﻛﺸﺶ‪363 ...........................‬‬
‫‪ (12.19‬وﺻﻠﻪﻫﺎي آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر ﺟﻮش ﺷﺪه از ﺳﻴﻢ ﺳﺎده در ﻛﺸﺶ ‪364 .............................‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﺎﻧﺰدﻫﻢ‪ :‬ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ‪419..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (16.1‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪419.........................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻴﺰدﻫﻢ‪ :‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎي دال دوﻃﺮﻓﻪ ‪367 ..................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (16.2‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎت ‪419.........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (13.1‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪367 ........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (16.3‬ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎ ﻣﻴﺎن اﻋﻀﺎ ‪421..............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (13.2‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎت ‪368 ........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (16.4‬ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻋﻀﻮ ‪422..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (13.3‬آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر دال ‪370 ................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (16.5‬ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﮕﻲ ﺳﺎزه ‪423.........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (13.4‬ﺑﺎزﺷﻮﻫﺎ در ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي دال ‪374 ........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (16.6‬ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ اﺗﺼﺎل و ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻦ ‪426..............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (13.5‬روشﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ‪375 ......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (16.7‬اﺟﺰاي ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﺪه ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺘﻦرﻳﺰي ‪428........................................................‬‬
‫‪ (13.6‬روش ﻃﺮح ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪380 ....................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (16.8‬ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﮔﺬاري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ‪429..............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (16.9‬ﺣﻤﻞ ‪429...........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎردﻫﻢ‪ :‬دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‪397 ................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (16.10‬ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺳﺎزة ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ‪430.............................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (14.1‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪397 ........................................................................................................‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻫﻔﺪﻫﻢ‪ :‬اﻋﻀﺎي ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ‪431.........................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (14.2‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎت ‪397 ........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (17.1‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪431.........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (14.3‬آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ‪398 ...........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (17.2‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎت ‪431.........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (14.4‬دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﻋﻀﺎي ﻓﺸﺎري ‪400 .....................................‬‬
‫‪ (17.3‬ﺷﻤﻊزﻧﻲ ‪432.....................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (14.5‬روش ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ‪400 .................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (17.4‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ‪432.....................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (14.6‬دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮ ﺑﺎرﺑﺮ ‪403 ....................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (17.5‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ اﻓﻘﻲ ‪433....................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (14.7‬دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﻴﺮ واﻗﻊ ﺑﺮ زﻣﻴﻦ ‪403 .......................................................‬‬
‫‪ (17.6‬ﺗﻨﮓﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮش اﻓﻘﻲ ‪435...............................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (14.8‬روش دﻳﮕﺮ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﻻﻏﺮ ‪403 ............................................................‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻫﺠﺪﻫﻢ‪ :‬ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪه ‪437.................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﺎﻧﺰدﻫﻢ‪ :‬ﭘﻲﻫﺎ ‪407 ............................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (18.1‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪437.........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (15.1‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪407 ........................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻫﻔﺖ‬
‫‪ (20.3‬روﻧﺪ آزﻣﻮن ﺑﺎر ‪499...........................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (18.2‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎت ‪439 ........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (20.4‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎر ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ‪500...........................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (18.3‬ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ‪441 .....................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (20.5‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ‪501.......................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (18.4‬ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري‪ -‬اﻋﻀﺎي ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ‪444 ..............................................‬‬
‫‪ (20.6‬ﺿﺎﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻴﺰان ﺑﺎر ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ‪503.........................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (18.5‬ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎز در ﻓﻮﻻد ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪﮔﻲ ‪447 .........................................................‬‬
‫‪ (20.7‬اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ‪503..........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (18.6‬اﻓﺖ ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪﮔﻲ ‪448 ........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (18.7‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ‪450 .........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ و ﻳﻜﻢ‪ :‬ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ وﻳﮋه ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ‪505...............................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (18.8‬ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖﻫﺎي آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر اﻋﻀﺎي ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‪452 ......................................................‬‬
‫‪ (21.1‬ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻛﻠﻲ ‪505................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (18.9‬ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪه‪453 ..............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (21.2‬ﻗﺎبﻫﺎي ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ‪515............................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (18.10‬ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﻌﻴﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‪457 ........................................................................‬‬

‫‪ (21.3‬ﻗﺎبﻫﺎي ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ‪515.............................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (18.11‬اﻋﻀﺎي ﻓﺸﺎري‪ -‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺧﻤﺸﻲ و ﻣﺤﻮري ‪458 .................................‬‬
‫‪ (18.12‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي دال ‪460 ........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (21.4‬دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزهاي ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ‪522.........................................................‬‬
‫‪ (18.13‬ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻬﺎري ﺗﻨﺪان ﭘﺲﺗﻨﻴﺪه‪463 ...................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (21.5‬اﻋﻀﺎي ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﻗﺎبﻫﺎي ﺧﻤﺸﻲ وﻳﮋه ‪522........................................................‬‬
‫‪ (18.14‬ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻬﺎري ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻨﺪانﻫﺎي ﺗﻚرﺷﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﺗﻜﻲ ‪471 ...............‬‬
‫‪ (21.6‬اﻋﻀﺎي ﻗﺎب ﺧﻤﺸﻲ وﻳﮋه ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎر ﺧﻤﺸﻲ و ﻣﺤﻮري ‪531...............................‬‬
‫‪ (18.15‬ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻬﺎري ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻨﺪانﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ رﺷﺘﻪ ‪473 .....................................‬‬
‫‪ (21.7‬ﮔﺮهﻫﺎي ﻗﺎبﻫﺎي ﺧﻤﺸﻲ وﻳﮋه ‪539...................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (18.16‬ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺗﻨﺪانﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪه در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ‪474 ...................................‬‬
‫‪ (21.8‬ﻗﺎبﻫﺎي ﺧﻤﺸﻲ وﻳﮋة ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه از ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ‪544.................................‬‬
‫‪ (18.17‬ﻏﻼفﻫﺎي ﭘﺲﺗﻨﻴﺪﮔﻲ‪475 ..............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (21.9‬ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻪ و دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزهاي وﻳﮋه‪547......................................................‬‬
‫‪ (18.18‬دوﻏﺎب ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻨﺪانﻫﺎي ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪه ‪476 ...............................................................‬‬
‫‪ (21.10‬دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزهاي وﻳﮋه از ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ‪563................................................‬‬
‫‪ (18.19‬ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻓﻮﻻد ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪﮔﻲ ‪478 .......................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (21.11‬دﻳﺎﻓﺮاﮔﻢﻫﺎ و ﺧﺮﭘﺎﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزهاي ‪564.................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (18.20‬اﻋﻤﺎل و اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﻧﻴﺮوي ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪﮔﻲ ‪478 ...................................................‬‬
‫‪ (21.12‬ﭘﻲﻫﺎ ‪572.........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (18.21‬ﻣﻬﺎريﻫﺎ و ﻏﻼفﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﭘﺲﺗﻨﻴﺪﮔﻲ ‪479 .......................................‬‬
‫‪ (21.13‬اﻋﻀﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺨﺸـﻲ از ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﻣﻘـﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫـﺎي‬
‫‪ (18.22‬ﭘﺲﺗﻨﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‪481 ..................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ‪576....................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻧﻮزدﻫﻢ‪ :‬ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪﻫﺎ و ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﭘﻠﻴﺴﻪاي ‪483 ...................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ و دوم‪ :‬ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎزهاي ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻠﺢ ‪581.........................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (19.1‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد و ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ ‪483 .......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (22.1‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪581.........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (19.2‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ و ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ‪486 ........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (22.2‬ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖﻫﺎ ‪582...............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (19.3‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪490 ..............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (22.3‬درزﻫﺎ ‪583..........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (19.4‬آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ‪490 ............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (22.4‬روش ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ‪584.............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (19.5‬اﺟﺮا ‪494 ...........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (22.5‬ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﻲ ‪585..........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (22.6‬دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ ‪588.......................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪ :‬ﺑﺮآورد ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‪495 ............................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (22.7‬ﭘﻲﻫﺎ ‪590...........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (20.1‬ﺑﺮآورد ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎت ‪495 .............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (22.8‬ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺳﺘﻮنﻫﺎ ‪592................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (20.2‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻻزم و ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ‪497 .........................................................‬‬
‫ﻫﺸﺖ‬
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ‪ :E‬اﻃﻼﻋﺎت آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻدي ‪707............................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (22.9‬اﻋﻀﺎي ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ‪592 .....................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (22.10‬ﺑﺘﻦ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻠﺢ در ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ‪593 .......................................‬‬
‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ رواﺑﻂ آﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ در ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ‪711..............................................‬‬
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ‪ :A‬ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎي ﺧﺮﭘﺎﻳﻲ‪595 ......................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‪719......................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (A.1‬ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ ‪595 .......................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (A.2‬ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺪل ﺧﺮﭘﺎﻳﻲ ‪604 ...................................................................................‬‬
‫واژهﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪743.................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (A.3‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ اﺟﺰاي ﻓﺸﺎري ‪608 ...............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (A.4‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ اﺟﺰاي ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ‪612 ...............................................................................‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار ﺳﺎزه ‪769....................................................................................... 90‬‬ ‫‪ (A.5‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﻫﻲ ‪615 .................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎي اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ‪ :B‬ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ وﻳﮋه ﺑﺮاي اﻋﻀﺎي ﺧﻤﺸﻲ و ﻓﺸﺎري ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ‪617 ...........................................‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺎور ﭘﺎﺗﻴﺎب ﺳﺎزه ‪781.........................................................‬‬ ‫‪ (B.1‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪617 .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ آرﻣﻪ ﭼﻴﻦ ـ آرﻣﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ‪787.....................................................................‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ‪ :C‬ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ وﻳﮋة ﺑﺎر و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ‪629 ...........................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪C50‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺘﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫‪ (C.9.1‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎت ‪629 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪ (C.9.2‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻻزم ‪629 ..........................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (C.9.3‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ‪631 ................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ‪ :D‬ﻣﻬﺎر ﺷﺪن در ﺑﺘﻦ ‪637 ................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪ (D.1‬ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ ‪637 .......................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (D.2‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ‪643 .........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (D.3‬ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ‪645 ............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (D.4‬ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻣﻬﺎريﻫﺎ ‪656 ................................................‬‬
‫‪ (D.5‬ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ‪665 ...........................................................‬‬
‫‪ (D.6‬ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ‪685 ....................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (D.7‬اﻧﺪرﻛﻨﺶ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﺸﻲ و ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ‪700 .............................................................‬‬
‫‪ (D.8‬ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﻟﺒﻪاي ﻻزم‪ ،‬ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﻻزم ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻣﻬـﺎريﻫـﺎ و ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣـﻮرد ﻧﻴـﺎز ﺑـﺮاي‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺷﻜﺎفﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ‪701 ..............................................................‬‬
‫‪ (D.9‬ﻧﺼﺐ و ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﻣﻬﺎريﻫﺎ ‪703 ...........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (D.9‬ﻧﺼﺐ و ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﻣﻬﺎريﻫﺎ ‪703 ...........................................................................‬‬

‫ﻧﻪ‬
 ‫ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫‪ACI 318M-11‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻦﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ‬

‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﺔ ‪ACI 318‬‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ )ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎ( ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﺯﻩﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻥ؛ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ؛ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ؛ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ )ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻳﻲ(؛ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‪ ،‬ﺑﺘﻦﺭﻳﺰﻱ؛ ﻗﺎﻟﺐﺑﻨﺪﻱ؛ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣـﺪﻓﻮﻥ؛‬
‫ﺩﺭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ؛ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ؛ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ؛ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ؛ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ؛ ﺑﺮﺵ ﻭ ﭘﻴﭽﺶ؛ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻭﺻﻠﺔ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ؛ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻝ؛ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ؛ ﭘﻲﻫﺎ؛ ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ؛ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ؛ ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪﻩ؛ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﭘﻠﻴﺴﻪﺍﻱ؛ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ؛ ﻣﻼﺣﻈـﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ‬
‫ﻟﺮﺯﻩﺍﻱ؛ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻠﺢ؛ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺧﺮﭘﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ‪A‬؛ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ‪B‬؛ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳـﺖ ‪C‬؛ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ‪ D‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ،ASTM‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬
‫)‪ (AWS‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻳـﺮﺍﻳﺶﻫـﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻠـﻲ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ؛ ﻟـﺬﺍ ﻧﻤـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺑﻴـﺎﻧﮕﺮ‬
‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﻴﺘـﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﭘﻴﮕﻴـﺮﻱ ﺳـﺆﺍﻻﺕ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﮊﻩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﻱ )ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ(‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺏ ﺗﻴﺮ‪ -‬ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ )ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎ(‪ ،‬ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﻮﻥﻫﺎ )ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔـﺎﻩﻫـﺎ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ )ﺑﺘﻦ ﻭ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ(‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ )ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ(‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺘﻦﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﻮﺳـﺘﮕﻲ )ﺳـﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻞﺁﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻛﺖ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴـﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﭘﻠﻴﺴﻪﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﭘﻲﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﺐﺑﻨﺪﻱ )ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺏﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﺳـﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﮔـﺮﻩﻫـﺎ )ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻻﺕ(‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﺮﭼـﻪﻫـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺘﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺒﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ )ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎ(‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺭ )ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ(‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻨﮕﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ )ﻗﻮﻃﻲﻫﺎ(‪ ،‬ﺑﺘﻦﺭﻳﺰﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻠﺢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎﻡﻫـﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺖ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪﻫﺎ )ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ(‪ ،‬ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻠﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﺓ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﺳـﺎﺯﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﭙﺎﺭﭼﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ T‬ﺷﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﭽﺶ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ‪ ACI 2011‬ﻭ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺖ ﻣﺼـﺎﻟﺢ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻋﻤـﻮﻡ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺁﻳــﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣــﻪ ﺑﻴــﺎﻥ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﺑﮕﻴــﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫــﺮ ﺻــﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺿـﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﻴﺘـﺔ ‪ 318‬ﺭﺍ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻧﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨـﻲ)‪ ،(ACI 318-11‬ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻛﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗـﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺩﺳـﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫـﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺁﻳـﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣـﺔ ‪ 2011‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻳـﺎﺩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻌﻄﻮﻑ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﻧﮕﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﺴـﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﺎﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻋـﻼﻭﻩ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳـﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳـﺮﺍﻳﺶﻫـﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻠـﻲ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﺴـﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﮕـﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺳـﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﮕـﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻭﻳـﮋﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼـﻮﻝ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃـﻪ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺨـﺶ‬
‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ؛ ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﺔ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﻴـﺔ ﻳـﻚ ﭘﻴﺸـﻴﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﭼﮕـﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗـﺪﻭﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﻬﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﺓ ﺭﺳـﻤﻲ ﺁﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ‪ ACI‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺎﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺗﻔﺴـﻴﺮ ﺁﻳـﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﻧﮕﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻞ ﻭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜـﺎﺭ ﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺟﺰﺀ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻳـﺎ ﻣﺴـﺌﻮﻻﻥ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳـﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﻧﻤـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻡ »ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳـﺎﺯﻩ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨـﻲ « ﺍﺳـﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻃـﺮﻑﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﻤـﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻱ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺁﻳـﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣـﺔ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻗـﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺘـﻮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺪﺍﺭﻛﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﻛـﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴــﺎﺕ ﺿــﻮﺍﺑﻂ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺻــﻴﻪﻫــﺎﻱ ﻛــﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫــﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻣــﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﻲ ﻭ ﻳــﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺫﻛـﺮ ﻛﻠﻴـﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﭘﺮﻫﻴﺰ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻭ ﺑـﺰﺭﮒ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻱ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫـﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻌـﺎﺭﻑ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺿـﻮﺍﺑﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺍﺷـﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻗﻴﻖﺗﺮﻱ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣـﻪ‬
‫» ‪Specification for Structural Concrete (ACI‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺎﺕ ‪ ،ACI‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ‬
‫)‪ ،«301‬ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳـﻨﺎﺩ ﭘﻴﻤـﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻱ ﺳـﺎﺯﻩ ﺗـﺪﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻗﻀﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺻﺮﻓﹰﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗـﺄﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬

‫ﻧﻘﺸﺔ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻦﻣﺴﻠﺢ‪ .‬ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻭ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﺑﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﻣﺆﺳﺴـﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔـﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﺴـﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺑـﺘﻦ‬
‫)‪Guide to Durable Concrete (ACI 201.2R-08‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‪ /‬ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺑـﺘﻦ ﭘـﺲﺗﻨﻴـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﻤـﻦ ﻣﻠـﻲ ﺑـﺘﻦ ﺁﻣـﺎﺩﻩ‪،‬‬
‫‪ACI Committee 201, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills,‬‬
‫‪Mich., 2008, 49 pp.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺖ ﭘﺮﺳـﻨﻠﻲ ﺍﻧﺴـﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺑـﺘﻦ ﺍﻳـﻼﺕ ﻣﺘﺤـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺴـﺘﻴﺘﻮ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺣﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﺓ ﻓﺮﺳـﺎﻳﺶ ﺑـﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺿـﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺗﻮﺻـﻴﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﺲﺗﻨﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔـﻮﺍﻫﻲ ﺍﻧﺴـﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺁﺭﻣـﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻓـﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺑـﺘﻦ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﺓ ﺑﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻛﻴﻔـﻲ ﺑـﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍ ﻭ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺍﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋـﻼﻭﻩ ﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳـﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶﻫـﺎ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬
‫‪Standard Specification for Agencies Engaged in Construction‬‬
‫‪ (ASTM E329-09) Inspecting and/or Testing‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺘـﻮﺍﻱ‬
‫)‪Guide for the Design of Durable Parking Structures (362.1R-97‬‬
‫‪ACI Committee 362, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺿـﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺁﻳـﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ‪،‬‬
‫‪Mich., 1997, 33 pp.‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳـﺎﺯﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﭘﺎﺭﻛﻴﻨـﮓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣـﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺳـﺎﺯﻩ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﻛﻴﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫‪CRSI Handbook‬‬
‫‪Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute, Schaumburg, Ill., 10th Edition,‬‬ ‫‪ACI Design Handbook‬‬
‫‪2008, 777 pp.‬‬ ‫‪Publication SP-17M(09), American Concrete Institute, Farmington‬‬
‫‪Hills, Mich., MI, 2009, 252 pp‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻟﻤـﺎﻥﻫـﺎﻱ ﺳـﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺘﻮﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺖ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻣﺒـﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺤـﻮﺓ ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺟـﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺑـﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ .2005‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﺔ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺟـﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﻴﺮﻫـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳــﺎﻥ ﻃــﺮﺍﺡ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴــﻞ ﺩﺍﻝﻫــﺎﻱ ﺑــﺘﻦﻣﺴــﻠﺢ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻓــﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋــﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻌـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻳـﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺴـﺘﻄﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻝﻫـﺎﻱ ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓـﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻴﺮﭼـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﻝﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻓـﻪ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻼﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺭﭼﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺒﻚ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﭘﻲﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻼﻫﻚ ﺷﻤﻊﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺣﻔـﺮ‬ ‫‪ACI Detailing Manual -2004‬‬
‫‪ACI Committee 315, Publication SP-66(04), American Concrete‬‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ )ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎ( ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺋﻞ ﻃﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫‪Institute, Farmington Hills, MI., 2004, 212 pp.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻭﺻﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ACI 315-99 ،‬ﻭ ﮔـﺰﺍﺭﺵ ‪ .ACI 315R-04‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﺔ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﺰﺋﻴـﺎﺕ ﺗﻴـﭗ ﻭ‬
‫‪٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬

‫‪Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, Chicago, 7th Edition, 2010,‬‬ ‫‪Reinforcement Anchorages and Splices‬‬
‫‪804 pp.‬‬ ‫‪Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute, Schaumberg, Ill., 5th Edition,‬‬
‫‪2008, 100 pp.‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺻﻠﺔ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‪ ،‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺻـﻠﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﺷﺸـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻـﻠﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﻜـﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻮﺿـﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ‬

‫‪Design and Typical Details of Connections for Precast and‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻭﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪Prestressed Concrete‬‬
‫‪Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, Chicago, 2nd Edition, 1988,‬‬
‫‪270 pp.‬‬ ‫‪Structural Welded Wire Reinforcement Manual of Standard‬‬
‫‪Practice‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻬﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫‪Wire Reinforcement Institute, Findlay, Ohio, 8th Edition, Apr. 2006,‬‬
‫‪38 pp.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻃﻴﻒ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺰﺋﻴـﺎﺕ ﺗﻴـﭗ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺟـﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﺎﺕ‪،‬‬

‫‪Post-Tensioning Manual‬‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺫﻛـﺮ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛﺘـﺎﺏ ﺣـﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫‪Post-Tensioning Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 6th Edition, 2006,‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺿـﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺟـﻮﺵﻛـﺎﺭﻱ ﺳـﻴﻢﻫـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪354 pp.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭﺻﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﻛـﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨـﺔ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘـﺲﺗﻨﻴـﺪﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼــﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪Structural Welded Wire Reinforcement Detailing Manual‬‬

‫‪Wire Reinforcement Institute, Hartford, CT, 1994, 252 pp.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺿـﻮﺍﺑﻂ ‪ ACI 318‬ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴـﺎﺋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓـﻪ‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ؛ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪﻩ؛ ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺘﻮﻥﻫﺎ؛ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺑﺘﻦﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﺎ؛ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻌـﻼﻭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺟـﺪﺍﻭﻟﻲ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﺔ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑـﺎﻻ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪PCI Design Handbook-Precast and Prestressed Concrete‬‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ اول ‪ /‬ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻛﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫‪ (1.1‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫‪ (1.1‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬

‫ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺑـﺘﻦ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜـﺎ "ﺿـﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺁﻳـﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣـﺔ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺳـﺎﺯﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨـﻲ‬ ‫‪ (1.1.1‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻋﻀـﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨـﻲ‬
‫)‪ ،"(ACI 318-11‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣـﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻳﻚ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ‪ ACI‬ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﻗﺒـﻮﻝ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺼـﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ‪ 2011‬ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ "ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺟـﺎﻣﻊ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ )‪ "(ACI 318-11‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺻـﻼﺡ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿـﻮﺍﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﺓ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺘﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﮊﺓ "ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ" ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴـﻠﺢ ﻛـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺔ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 17 MPa‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺁﻳـﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﻃﻴـﻒ ﻭﺳـﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫـﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﻪ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﻧـﺪﺍﺭﺩ؛ ﻣﮕـﺮ ﺁﻧﻜـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴـﻠﺢ ﻏﻴـﺮ ﭘـﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴـﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻗﻮﻃﻲﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼـﻞ ‪ 22‬ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺰﻭ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺿـﻮﺍﺑﻂ‬
‫ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺠﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺻﺮﻳﺤﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﮊﺓ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪﻩ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ 21‬ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻘـﺎﻭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ‬

‫ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ 1.1.9‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ‪ A‬ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ‪ 1999‬ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸـﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺿـﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺭﻭﺵ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﻳﮋﺓ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻦﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻏﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ )ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ( ﻭ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫آﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﻭﻳـﮋﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﭘﺎﺳـﺦﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﻛﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﻪﻛﺎﺭﺍﻧـﻪﺗـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﻲ ﻭﻳــﮋﺓ ﻣﻨــﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻳــﺮﺍﻳﺶ ‪ 1999‬ﺁﻳــﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣــﻪ ﻣــﻲﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺠــﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ‪ A‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﮕﻲ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ‪ B‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ‪ ، 0.75ρb‬ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ‪ φ‬ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺑﺎﺯﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ‪ 1999‬ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺿـﻮﺍﺑﻂ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻦﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ‪ B‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ‪ C‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺿﺮﻳﺒﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻧﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ‪ 1999‬ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ‪ D‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻣﻬﺎر ﻗﻄﻌﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻدي در ﺑﺘﻦ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ (1.1.2‬ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫‪ (1.1.2‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣـﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳـﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌـﻴﻦ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ؛ ﺑﺠـﺰ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺧـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺿـﻮﺍﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓـﻲ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ اول ‪ /‬ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻛﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫‪ (1.1.3‬ﻫﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺁﻳـﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ (1.1.4‬ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺎﻟﻮﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬ ‫‪ (1.1.4‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺎﻟﻮﺩﻩﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺩﺍﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫ﭘــﻲﻫــﺎﻱ ﻧــﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﭘﻴﻮﺳــﺘﻪ ﺗﺤﻤــﻞ ﻣــﻲﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺩﺍﻝﻫــﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﻣــﻴﻦ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺧـﺎﻧﻮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫـﺎﻱ ﻳـﻚ ﺧـﺎﻧﻮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧـﻪ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ( ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻃﺒـﻖ ﺿـﻮﺍﺑﻂ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ( ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ACI 332M-10‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫’’‪“Residential Code Requirements for Structural Concrete‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﺔ ‪.ACI 332 1.1‬‬

‫‪ (1.1.5‬ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬ ‫‪ (1.1.5‬ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳـﺎﺯﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﻭﻳـﮋﻩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﻗـﻮﺱﻫـﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨـﺎﺯﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻤﻲﮔﻨﺠﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻠﻮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺩﻛﺶﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃـﻪ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬
‫ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑـﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺻـﻮﻝ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ 22.1.3‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﺔ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪“Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete Chimneys and‬‬
‫”‪commentary‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﺔ ‪.ACI 307 1.2‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ ﺩﻭﺩﻛـﺶﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﻳـﺮﻩﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺩﺭﺟﺎ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻬـﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﮔـﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺣـﺪﺍﻗﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺘﻦﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺩﻭﺩﻛﺶ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗـﻨﺶﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑـﺘﻦ ﻭ‬
‫ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪“Standard Practice for Design and Construction of Concrete Silos and‬‬
‫””‪Stacking Tubes for Storing Granular Materials and commentary‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﺔ ‪.ACI 313 1.3‬‬
‫آﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺿـﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺼـﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ ﺳـﻴﻠﻮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﻧﻜﺮﻫـﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻠﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻴﻒﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺻـﻴﻪﻫـﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﻴﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪“Code Requirements for Nuclear Safety Related Concrete Structures‬‬
‫”‪and Commentary‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﺔ ‪.ACI 349 1.4‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨـﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻪﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺭﺁﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪ ACI 359‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫”‪“Code for Concrete Reactor Vessels and Containments‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﺔ ‪.ACI-ASME 359 1.5‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﺓ ﻣﺤﻔﻈـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﻛﺘـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ (1.1.6‬ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻤﻊﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫ﻼ ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫‪ (1.1.6‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﺿـﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺼـﺐ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﻊﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣـﺪﻓﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧـﺎﻙ ﺭﺍ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻤﻊ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﻫﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﻛﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗـﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫‪21.12.4‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﺍﻱ ‪ E ،D‬ﻭ ‪ F‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺷﻤﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﺎﻧﺶ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺷﻤﻊﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺻـﻨﺪﻭﻗﻪﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﺍﻱ ‪ E ،D‬ﻭ ‪ F‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪1.6‬‬
‫‪ ،ACI 543‬ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﻊﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫”‪“Design, Manufacture, and Installation of Concrete Piles‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺷﻤﻊﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬