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    DCN 4

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    Hira Shahbaz
    An address is a unique identifier assigned to devices on a network that allows them to communicate. There are different types of addresses including physical, logical, and IP addresses. Physical addresses are hardware addresses like MAC addresses. Logical addresses are how applications see addresses which may differ from physical addresses. IP addresses come in versions 4 and 6, and are classified as public, private, static, or dynamic depending on their use and ability to be accessed.

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    DCN 4

    Uploaded by

    Hira Shahbaz
    8 views5 pages
    An address is a unique identifier assigned to devices on a network that allows them to communicate. There are different types of addresses including physical, logical, and IP addresses. Physical addresses are hardware addresses like MAC addresses. Logical addresses are how applications see addresses which may differ from physical addresses. IP addresses come in versions 4 and 6, and are classified as public, private, static, or dynamic depending on their use and ability to be accessed.

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    An address is a unique identifier assigned to devices on a network that allows them to communicate. There are different types of addresses including physical, logical, and IP addresses. Physical addresses are hardware addresses like MAC addresses. Logical addresses are how applications see addresses which may differ from physical addresses. IP addresses come in versions 4 and 6, and are classified as public, private, static, or dynamic depending on their use and ability to be accessed.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    8 views5 pages

    DCN 4

    Uploaded by

    Hira Shahbaz
    An address is a unique identifier assigned to devices on a network that allows them to communicate. There are different types of addresses including physical, logical, and IP addresses. Physical addresses are hardware addresses like MAC addresses. Logical addresses are how applications see addresses which may differ from physical addresses. IP addresses come in versions 4 and 6, and are classified as public, private, static, or dynamic depending on their use and ability to be accessed.

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    of 5

    What are Addresses?

    A network address is a unique physical or logical address that distinguishes a


    network node or device over a computer or telecommunications network. The
    Network address is a numeric number or address that is assigned to any new device
    that seeks access to the network or is already part of the network.

    Types of addresses:
    Four levels of addresses are used in an internet employing the TCP/IP
    protocols: physical address, logical address, port address, and application-specific
    address. Each address is related to a one layer in the TCP/IP architecture.

    Physical Addresses:
    In computing, a physical address is a memory address that is represented in the
    form of a binary number on the address bus circuitry in order to enable the data bus
    to access a particular storage cell of main memory, or a register of memory-
    mapped I/O device. It works on second layer.
    A 48-bit memory address can directly address every byte of 256 terabytes of
    storage. 48-bit can refer to any other data unit that consumes 48 bits (6 octets) in
    width. Examples include 48-bit CPU and ALU architectures are those that are
    based on registers, address buses, or data buses of that size.

    A physical address is also known as a binary address or a real address, media


    access control, or MAC address (Media Access Control address).

    The MAC address is only significant on the LAN to which a device is connected,
    and it is not used or retained in the data stream once packets leave that network.
    Any piece of internet software, such as a web browser, directs data to a destination
    on the internet using the destination's IP address.

    Logical Address:
    In computing, a logical address is the address at which an item appears to reside
    from the perspective of an executing application program. A logical address may
    be different from the physical address due to the operation of an address translator
    or mapping function. It works on third layer.

    The logical addresses can be either unicast (one single recipient), multicast (a
    group of recipients), or broadcast (all systems in the network).

    IP Addresses:
    An IP address is a unique address that identifies a device on the internet or a local
    network. IP stands for "Internet Protocol," which is the set of rules governing the
    format of data sent via the internet or local network.

    An internet protocol (IP) address allows computers to send and receive


    information. There are four types of IP addresses: public, private, static, and
    dynamic.

    Static means the IP address never changes as long as you stay with the same
    provider or same server. Dynamic means the IP address can change from time-to-
    time. Public means the IP address can be visited from any computer in the world.
    Private means the IP address can only be used by those on the same network.
    Versions of IP address:
    There are two versions of IP that currently coexist in the global Internet: IP version
    4 (IPv4) and IP version 6 (IPv6). IP addresses are made up of binary values and
    drive the routing of all data over the Internet. IPv4 addresses are 32 bits long, and
    IPv6 addresses 128 bits long.

    Classful IP address and class-less IP address:


    Classful addressing is a technique of allocating IP addresses that divides them into
    five categories. Classless addressing is a technique of allocating IP addresses that
    is intended to replace classful addressing in order to reduce IP address depletion.

    Classful addressing is an IPv4 addressing architecture that


    divides addresses into five groups. Prior to classful addressing,
    the first eight bits of an IP address defined the network a given
    host was a part of. This would have had the effect of limiting the
    internet to just 254 networks.
    Network ID bit will always be 1 while Host ID will be 1.

    IF all the host parts are 0 or all the host parts are 255 that is 1 then there will be
    general failure or timed out message other than that or command will be running.

    Class A has 224 IP Addresses.

    Class A has 216 IP Addresses.

    Class A has 28 IP Addresses.

    Network ID is used to distinguish one network from another. The network ID is


    made up of a series of numbers, and it is usually written in the form of an IP
    address. The broadcast address is a special address that is used to send messages to
    all devices on a network.

    If the host part is zero then it will be the network ID.

    If the host part is 255 then it will be broadcast ID.

    If there is 0 on the Host part of class and 255 on the network part of class then it
    will be subnet mask for that particular class.
    192.168.10.5 is an IP address which belongs to class C. The class identification is
    made by recognizing the first octet belongs to which class. The first octet gets the
    priority because the prefix bit belongs to first class.

    Local host is the default name of the computer you are working on. The term is a
    pseudo name for 127.0. 0.1,the IP address of the local computer. This IP address
    allows the machine to connect to and communicate with itself.

    The address 127.0.0.1 is the standard address for IPv4 loopback traffic; the rest
    are not supported by all operating systems. However, they can be used to set up
    multiple server applications on the host, all listening on the same port number.

    Private IP addresses Range:


    A: 10 . 0 . 0 . 0 → 10 . 255. 255 . 255

    B: 172 . 16 . 0 . 0 → 172 . 31 . 255 . 255

    C: 192 . 168 . 0 . 0 → 192 . 168 . 255 . 255


    Private address are free of cost while Public addresses need to be bought.

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