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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC VOLTAGE AND APPLICATION VOL. 2 NO.

2 (2021) 75-83

© Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Publisher’s Office


Journal of
Electronic
JEVA Voltage and
Journal homepage: http://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/jeva
Application
e-ISSN : 2716-6074

Design A Lighting Point Calculator System For Residential


Houses Using Microsoft Visual Basic
Fatin Farhah Nazaruddin1, Nur Hanis Mohammad Radzi1*
1
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, MALAYSIA

*Corresponding Author

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30880/jeva.2021.02.02.008
Received 18 July 2021; Accepted 09 December 2021; Available online 30 December 2021

Abstract: Lighting point calculation plays an important feature in developing a new residential house. This enables
people inside the house will have enough of light to perform tasks efficiently. Currently, consulting electrical
engineers use rules of thumb to forecast the quantity of lighting points, however these rules are inaccurate. It does
not take into account the lux required based on Malaysian Standard MS1525. Furthermore, good lighting can save
money and provide visual comfort to the occupants. However, numerous parameters such as room index, utilisation
factor and illuminance used for each space or room inside the house must be considered when determining the
quantity of lighting point for a residential property. Three types of residential houses are considered which are: single
storey house, double storey house and condominium house. This paper presents the development of lighting point
calculator system for residential houses using Microsoft Visual Basic and comparison of quantity of lighting point
using manual calculation using Microsoft Excel and simulation calculation using Microsoft Visual Basic.

Keywords: Lighting point calculation, residential houses, microsoft excel, microsoft visual basic

1. Introduction
As the world transforms into a highly industrialized and modern era, the evolvement on the lighting calculation of
Keywords:
residential Keyword
houses 1, be
have to keyword 2, number
appreciated. The of keywords
lighting is usually
calculation 3-7,
from but more
manual is allowed
estimation if deemed
using Rule’s ofnecessary
Thumb, now
have been made some improvement that makes the consultant engineer work easier. Focusing on the lighting, it is one of
the most important elements in providing good interior design of a residence. This allows people to perform visual tasks
efficiently and accurately [1]. Bad lighting will lead many problems such as insufficient light, glare, improper contrast,
poor distributed light and flicker [2]. There are many factors contribute to bad lighting, so an appropriate design of
quantity of lighting point should precisely calculate in order to not short designed or over designed the quantity while
ensuring quality and quantity of illumination in the house.
However, lighting calculation requires many factors related with it. The area of the room, the type of lamp used and
the function of the room plays a crucial factor in order to give the proper amount lighting point in the room. This factor
is closely related to the lumen method. It also called Photometrical Computation and widely used for interior lighting
calculation [3]. In addition, these factors determine the preciseness of the output result. In developing a new system, it is
important to have a guideline or standard, while doing this to ensure the reliability of the result. Therefore, Malaysian
Standard, MS 1525 is a standard that this project referring to. To sum up, the quality of the lighting ensures coziness of
the house as the resident’s comfort and satisfaction are always be a priority of a consultant electrical engineer.

*Corresponding author: nurhanis@uthm.edu.my 75


2021 UTHM Publisher. All rights reserved.
publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/jeva
F. F. Nazaruddin et al., Journal of Electronic Voltage and Application Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021) p. 75-83

2. Methodology
This section describes the flowchart of the project, type of lamp used and the procedures in determining the quantity
of lighting points for each room or space in the house.

2.1 Flowchart Of The Project


This project achievement method was divided into several stages to make the flow of the project more systematic
and manageable. Figure 1 shows the flowchart of the project from the beginning until the end of the project. This
flowchart is used to guide the process of Microsoft Excel calculation for determining the quantity of lighting point up to
designing a calculator system using Microsoft Visual Basic and make a comparison between two calculation methods.

Start End

Complete design for determining the


Choose the best design houseplan layout required lighting point for the house
of the houses

Compare calculation of
Draw houseplan layout using AutoCAD manual and software
software

Identify the dimension of each Design calculation using Microsoft Visual


room/space in the house Basic

Perform manual calculation to determine


Check required lux for space in quantity of lighting point using Microsoft
Malaysian Standard MS1525 Excel

Fig. 1 - Flowchart of overall project

2.2 Type of Lamp Used


Figure 2 shows the type of lamp used which is PHILIPS 50W LED TRUEFORCE E27 5000 lumen. This lamp is
chosen because it is one of the best lightning as it is known as energy saving lamp. By using using this type of lamp, it
can save the budget for electricity bill in the future while having sufficient brightness of the lamp. In this new era
technology, lumen knowledge has been wider spread as lumens of the lamp are more accurate when determining the
brightness of the lamp especially when it related to LEDs [6]. Besides that, the cost for 1 lamp for this type of lamp is
only below RM50. Although this quite expensive but good element from this lamp worth it as it has longer lifespan and
energy saving.

Fig. 2 - PHILIPS 50W LED TRUEFORCE E27 5000 lumen

2.3 Procedures in Determining Quantity of Lighting Points


The method used to determine the quantity of lighting point is lumen method. Step by step calculation were shown
in Figure 3 and these only applicable for one room or space only, so this steps will be repeated according to the number
of room to be calculated. While Figure 4 and Figure 5 shows the recommended average illuminance level based on
Malaysian Standard, MS 1525:2007 and the utilisation factor table respectively. The average illuminance (lux) value
used when determining illuminance (lux) required for the room or space later.

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F. F. Nazaruddin et al., Journal of Electronic Voltage and Application Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021) p. 75-83

Calculate the quantity of


Calculate useful height, ℎ𝑘 lighting point required for the
installation

Suggest the lamp lumen that


Calculate room index, 𝑘 will be installed in the space or
room

Determine the utilisation factor Determine illuminance (lux)


and maintenance factor required for the room or space

Fig. 3 - Step by step calculation to determine quantity of lighting point for one room or space only

Fig. 4 - Recommended average illuminance level based on Standards Malaysia 2007

Fig. 5 - Utilisation factor table

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F. F. Nazaruddin et al., Journal of Electronic Voltage and Application Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021) p. 75-83

2.4 Formulae And Equations Related


The formula and equations related to determine quantity of lighting point are calculated according to multiple terms
which are Room Index, Useful Height, Utilisation Factor, Maintenance Factor and Quantity of Lighting Point [3][4][5].

i. Room Index, k

lw
k (1)
hk (l  w)

where; k = Room Index


l = Length of room/space (in meter)
w = Width of room/space (in meter)
ℎ𝑘 = Useful height (in meter)

ii. Useful Height, ℎ𝑘


(2)
hk  h  hd

where; ℎ𝑘 = Useful height (in meter)


h = Height from floor to ceiling (in meter)
ℎ𝑑 = Height of working area (in meter)

iii. Utilisation Factor [7]

For the value less than 0.75, utilisation factor will be normalized to 0.75. For example, Room Index = 0.68;

0.44[ from _ Utilisatio nFactor _ RI (0.75)]  0.68


UF  (3)
0.75

For the value greater than 0.75, utilisation factor will be read directly from the table and if the value in
between two Room Index value, the higher value will be selected. For example, Room Index = 0.84;

UF  0.5[ from _ Utilisatio nFactorTable _ RI (1.00)] (4)

iv. Maintenance Factor

For the residential house, the Maintenance Factor was fixed to 0.85.

v. Quantity of lighting point, N

E A
N (5)
  UF  MF

where; N = Quantity of lighting point


E = Illuminance required for the room/space (in lux)
A = Area of the room (in meter square)
∅ = Lumen of the lamp (in lumen)
UF & MF = Utilisation factor and maintenance factor respectively

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F. F. Nazaruddin et al., Journal of Electronic Voltage and Application Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021) p. 75-83

3. Result and Discussion


3.1 Layout Of Residential Houses
There are three case studies were carried out which are single storey house, double storey house and condominium
house. These three types of house are designed according to the sample of common design of residential houses. The
layout of the residential houses was designed and illustrated using AutoCAD software 2018 version. Figure 6 shows all
the three layout of the residential houses.
(a) (b)

(c)
(d)

Fig. 6 - (a) Layout of single storey house; (b) Layout of condominium


house; (c) Layout of ground floor of double storey house; (d) Layout of
first floor of double storey house

3.2 Information of Residential Houses


Table 1 – Table 3 shows the details of each room or space inside the house which are the dimension and room index
of the room or space that will be useful to calculate the quantity of lighting point for the residential house.

Table 1 - Details of each room or space inside single storey house


Type of room / Length Width Useful Room Index
space (m) (m) height
(m)
Living room 7.8 4.7 2.25 1.29
Bedroom 1 7.2 4.1 2.25 1.15
Bedroom 2 4.8 3.6 2.25 0.91
Bedroom 3 4.5 3.6 2.25 0.89
Bedroom 4 4.5 3.6 2.25 0.89
Toilet 1 1.8 2.4 2.25 0.46
Toilet 2 1.5 2.4 2.25 0.41
Family space 6.3 3.6 2.25 1.02
Store 1.5 2.1 2.25 0.39
Kitchen 4.5 1.8 2.25 0.57
Balcony1 5.4 1.5 2.25 0.52
Balcony 2 2.4 2.4 2.25 0.53
Balcony 3 1.2 1.8 2.25 0.32

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F. F. Nazaruddin et al., Journal of Electronic Voltage and Application Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021) p. 75-83

Table 2 - Details of each room or space inside condominium house


Type of room / Length Width Useful Room Index
space (m) (m) height
(m)
Balcony 1.9 0.7 2.25 0.24
Study space 1.9 2.5 2.25 0.49
Kitchen 1.9 2.9 2.25 0.52
Yard 2.9 0.9 2.25 0.33
Living area 3.9 3.2 2.25 0.78
Dining area 3.9 2.9 2.25 0.74
Store 1.9 1.0 2.25 0.29
Bedroom 2.4 5.6 2.25 0.74
Toilet 2.4 1.5 2.25 0.40

Table 3 - Details of each room or space inside double storey house


Type of room / Length Width Useful Room Index
space (m) (m) height
(m)
Bedroom 1 5.1 1.8 2.25 0.59
Toilet 1 1.5 2.4 2.25 0.41
Family space 1 6.3 2.4 2.25 0.77
Store room 1.2 1.8 2.25 0.32
Living room 6.9 3.9 2.25 1.11
Balcony 1 6.9 5.1 2.25 1.30
Kitchen balcony 3.3 6.0 2.25 0.95
Dry kitchen 3.0 6.0 2.25 0.89
Wet kitchen 3.3 6.0 2.25 0.95
Dining room 6.9 2.1 2.25 0.72
Back balcony 5.1 2.4 2.25 0.73
Car porch 6.0 5.4 2.25 1.26
Stairs 1.2 2.7 2.25 0.37
Bedroom 2 6.0 5.4 2.25 1.26
Toilet 2 2.4 1.8 2.25 0.46
Bedroom 3 5.1 4.8 2.25 1.10
Bedroom 4 3.3 6.0 2.25 0.95
Bedroom 5 5.1 1.8 2.25 0.59
Toilet 3 1.5 3.0 2.25 0.44
Family space 2 6.3 3.6 2.25 1.02
Family space 3 6.9 5.1 2.25 1.30
Toilet 4 1.5 2.4 2.25 0.41
Stairs 2.7 4.2 2.25 0.73
Upper balcony 5.1 2.4 2.25 0.73

3.3 Lighting Point Calculator Using Microsoft Visual Basic


After the application is designed, the user can calculate the quantity of lighting point by inserting value of length,
width, height, illuminance (lux) used and lumen of the lamp. Figure 7 shows the interface of the lighting point calculator
application system using Microsoft Visual Basic.

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F. F. Nazaruddin et al., Journal of Electronic Voltage and Application Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021) p. 75-83

Fig. 7 - User interface of lighting point calculator application system using Microsoft Visual Basic

3.4 Comparison Of Results Between Manual Calculation and Simulation Calculation


The comparison of results between manual calculation and simulation calculation was illustrated in Table 4 – Table
6. This comparison will determine the reliability of the result from the simulation calculation from Microsoft Visual
Basic.

Table 4 - Results comparison between Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Visual Basic simulation of each
room or space inside single storey house
Excel calculation Visual Basic simulation calculation
Type of Differences of
Quantity Quantity
room / Room Utilisation of lighting Room Utilisation of lighting utilisation factor
space index factor index factor (%)
point point
Living room 1.29 0.516 3 1.29 0.518 3 0.38
Bedroom 1 1.15 0.515 1 1.15 0.516 1 0.19
Bedroom 2 0.91 0.455 1 0.91 0.457 1 0.43
Bedroom 3 0.89 0.445 1 0.89 0.444 1 0.22
Bedroom 4 0.89 0.445 1 0.89 0.444 1 0.22
Toilet 1 0.46 0.270 1 0.46 0.268 1 0.74
Toilet 2 0.41 0.241 1 0.41 0.241 1 0.00
Family space 1.02 0.457 2 1.02 0.456 2 0.22
Store
Kitchen 0.39 0.229 1 0.39 0.228 1 0.43
Balcony 1 0.57 0.334 2 0.57 0.335 2 0.29
Balcony 2 0.52 0.305 1 0.52 0.306 1 0.33
Balcony 3 0.53 0.311 1 0.53 0.313 1 0.63
0.32 0.188 1 0.32 0.188 1 0.00

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F. F. Nazaruddin et al., Journal of Electronic Voltage and Application Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021) p. 75-83

Table 5 - Results comparison between Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Visual Basic simulation of each
room or space inside condominium house
Excel calculation Visual Basic simulation calculation
Type of Differences of
room / Quantity Quantity utilisation factor
Room Utilisation of lighting Room Utilisation of lighting
space index factor index factor (%)
point point
Balcony 0.24 0.141 1 0.24 0.140 1 0.71
Study space 0.49 0.288 1 0.49 0.285 1 1.05
Kitchen 0.52 0.305 1 0.52 0.306 1 0.33
Yard 0.33 0.194 1 0.33 0.192 1 1.04
Living area 0.78 0.390 2 0.78 0.392 2 0.51
Dining area 0.74 0.434 1 0.74 0.436 1 0.46
Store 0.29 0.170 1 0.29 0.171 1 0.59
Bedroom 0.74 0.434 1 0.74 0.433 1 0.23
Toilet 0.40 0.235 1 0.40 0.237 1 0.85

Table 6 – Results comparison between Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Visual Basic simulation of each
room or space inside double storey house
Excel calculation Visual Basic simulation calculation
Differences of
Type of room / Quantity Quantity utilisation factor
space Room Utilisation Room Utilisation
index factor of lighting index factor of lighting (%)
point point
Bedroom 1 0.59 0.346 1 0.59 0.347 1 0.28
Toilet 1 0.41 0.241 1 0.41 0.241 1 0.00
Family space 1 0.77 0.385 2 0.77 0.386 2 0.26
Store room 0.32 0.188 1 0.32 0.188 1 0.00
Living room 1.11 0.497 3 1.11 0.496 3 0.20
Balcony 1 1.30 0.520 3 1.30 0.521 3 0.19
Kitchen balcony 0.95 0.475 2 0.95 0.473 2 0.42
Dry kitchen 0.89 0.445 3 0.89 0.444 3 0.23
Wet kitchen 0.95 0.475 3 0.95 0.473 3 0.42
Dining room 0.72 0.422 2 0.72 0.420 2 0.48
Back balcony 0.73 0.428 1 0.73 0.426 1 0.47
Car porch 1.26 0.504 2 1.26 0.505 2 0.20
Stairs 0.37 0.217 1 0.37 0.217 1 0.00
Bedroom 2 1.26 0.504 2 1.26 0.505 2 0.20
Toilet 2 0.46 0.270 1 0.46 0.268 1 0.75
Bedroom 3 1.10 0.493 1 1.10 0.492 1 0.20
Bedroom 4 0.95 0.475 1 0.95 0.473 1 0.42
Bedroom 5 0.59 0.346 1 0.59 0.347 1 0.29
Toilet 3 0.44 0.258 1 0.44 0.261 1 1.16
Family space 2 1.02 0.457 2 1.02 0.456 2 0.22
Family space 3 1.30 0.520 3 1.30 0.521 3 0.19
Toilet 4 0.41 0.241 1 0.41 0.241 1 0.00
Stairs 0.73 0.428 1 0.73 0.429 1 0.23
Upper balcony 0.73 0.428 1 0.73 0.426 1 0.47

From all three cases study, there are slightly differences on the value of utilisation factor. The results from Microsoft
Visual Basic application show differences of utilisation factor up to 1.16% higher than the Microsoft Excel calculation.
This is due to the decimal points taken by the previous calculation which is room index value were calculated from the
length, width and height of the room or space. However, the quantity of lighting point for all three cases study is not
affected.

82
F. F. Nazaruddin et al., Journal of Electronic Voltage and Application Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021) p. 75-83

4. Conclusion
In conclusion, the lighting point calculation for residential houses has been performed using Microsoft Excel and
Microsoft Visual Basic. In addition, the lighting point calculator application for residential houses also has been designed
using Microsoft Visual Basic as well as the comparison of results between manual calculation and Microsoft Visual Basic
simulation lighting point calculator application has been analyzed and investigated. The detailed formulae and equations
determine the quantity lighting point, the procedure to use lighting point calculator application and the Malaysian
Standard also has been clearly explained. The lighting point calculator application for residential houses is designed to
estimate the quantity of lighting point for each space or room in a house. Research has been made to get the precise
formula for the calculator. The user required to insert the value of length, width, height, illuminance used (lux) and lumen
of the lamp used. The quantity of lighting point is calculated in MVB. From the result, it can be concluded that this
proposed application suitable for consultant electrical engineer in determining the lighting point calculation for any type
of residential houses with dimension insert in meter unit.

Acknowledgement
The authors would also like to extend deepest gratitude to the Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia for the technical and continuous moral support.

References
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[3] Malaysia Standard MS1525, Energy efficiency and use of renewable energy for non-residential buildings – Code
of practice, 2007
[4] Kralikova, R., Piňosová, M., & Hricová, B., “Lighting Quality and Its Effects on Productivity and Human Health”
(2016)
[5] IESNA, IES Lighting Handbook Reference and Application. New York: Illuminating Engineering Society of North
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[6] Services, U. N. I. E. (2015, March 3). Comparing Lumens and Watts by LEDified. Ledified.
http://www.ledified.com.au/the-difference-between-lumens-vs-watts-with-led-bulbs-2/.
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