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    Lecture2 1h

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    وسيم جمال مياس
    The document discusses microbiology topics relevant to medical students' practical lectures including Clostridium tetani, Listeria monocytogenes, and viral meningitis. It provides details on specimen collection, morphology, culture, and identification of C. tetani and L. monocytogenes. It also lists common viruses that can cause meningitis such as enteroviruses, herpesviruses, mumps virus, and influenza virus and methods for viral diagnosis.

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    Lecture2 1h

    Uploaded by

    وسيم جمال مياس
    43 views6 pages
    The document discusses microbiology topics relevant to medical students' practical lectures including Clostridium tetani, Listeria monocytogenes, and viral meningitis. It provides details on specimen collection, morphology, culture, and identification of C. tetani and L. monocytogenes. It also lists common viruses that can cause meningitis such as enteroviruses, herpesviruses, mumps virus, and influenza virus and methods for viral diagnosis.

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    The document discusses microbiology topics relevant to medical students' practical lectures including Clostridium tetani, Listeria monocytogenes, and viral meningitis. It provides details on specimen collection, morphology, culture, and identification of C. tetani and L. monocytogenes. It also lists common viruses that can cause meningitis such as enteroviruses, herpesviruses, mumps virus, and influenza virus and methods for viral diagnosis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    43 views6 pages

    Lecture2 1h

    Uploaded by

    وسيم جمال مياس
    The document discusses microbiology topics relevant to medical students' practical lectures including Clostridium tetani, Listeria monocytogenes, and viral meningitis. It provides details on specimen collection, morphology, culture, and identification of C. tetani and L. monocytogenes. It also lists common viruses that can cause meningitis such as enteroviruses, herpesviruses, mumps virus, and influenza virus and methods for viral diagnosis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    Microbiology practical Medical.

    Students 3level lectures Genius University


    Clostridium tetani

    Specimen collection:
    To diagnose Clostridium tetani, specimens that can be collected for laboratory analysis include:
    1. Wound swabs or tissue samples: If the patient has a wound that may be infected with C. tetani, a swab
    or tissue sample can be collected. The specimen should be collected using sterile technique and
    transported to the laboratory as soon as possible.
    2. Blood: A blood sample may be taken to look for the presence of antibodies against the tetanus toxin.

     Morphology:
     Gram-positive bacilli, motile
     Capsulated: They produce capsule in the patient’s tissue.
     Spores forming . 4S: site : terminal , shape: round, size: spherical projecting , stain: not stain by gram
    stain. (drum stick appearance).
     They are found in the soil and the intestine of man and animals.
     Culture:
     Anaerobes
     Growth on simple media
     Growth rapidly on Robertson cooked met broth, incubated at 37 C for 24 hrs. non saccrolytic &
    nonprotolytic after 6 hrs from growth in Robertson cooked met broth act sub culture on blood
    agar . swarming and β hemolysis after incubated at 37 C for 24 hrs
     Toxin detection

    Prepared by Dr: Faheem Al-Mojahid


    1
    Microbiology practical Medical. Students 3level lectures Genius University

    Robertson cooked met broth


    Blood agar
    Anaerobe Jar

    Listeria monocytogenes
    L monocytogenes is important as a cause of a wide spectrum of disease in animals and humans. L
    monocytogenes is capable of growing and surviving over a wide range of environmental conditions.
    It can survive at refrigerator temperatures (4°C), under conditions of low pH and high salt conditions.
    Therefore, it is able to overcome food preservation and safety barriers, making it an important foodborne
    pathogen.
    Diseases: abortion, meningitis, gastroenteritis
    neonatal sepsis, pustular lesions
    Specimen collection:
    Blood , CSF, stool
    Morphology and Identification :
    L.monocytogenes is a short, gram-positive, non–spore-forming rod. It is catalase positive and has a
    tumbling end-over-end ,motility at 22–28°C but not at 37°C; the motility test rapidly differentiates
    Listeria from diphtheroids .

    Prepared by Dr: Faheem Al-Mojahid


    2
    Microbiology practical Medical. Students 3level lectures Genius University
    Material :
    1- Blood agar plate General character of Listeria spp
    2- Gram stain 1- G + ve rods
    3- oxidase reagent. 2- Short, 0.4 – 0.5 X 0.5 – 2.0 μm
    4- Loop
    with rounded ends
    5- Slid
    6- Listeria selective agar ( Oxford) 3- Aerobe or facultative anaerobes
    7- Hydrogen peroxide 3% ( catalase reagent) 4- Motile by peritrichous flagella
    8- Bunsen burner 5- Non – capsulated
    9- Marker 6- Fastidious
    10- Microscope 7- Catalase positive
    11- Autoclave 8- Oxidase negative
    12- Incubator
    Procedures :
    1- Preparation of blood agar and Listeria selective agar ( Oxford)
    2- Inoculated patient specimen
    3- The organisms grows best at 35 – 37"C and growth is examined after 16 – 48 hr
    Colonial appearance :
    • On the blood agar :
    Colonies are 0.5 – 1.5 mm in diameter , smooth, translucent
    characteristic small zone of β hemolysis(1-2mm) around and under colonies.
    • On the Listeria selective agar ( Oxford) :
    Black colonies approximately 1mm in diameter that surrounded by black halos, after 24 hr.
    These colonies typically become 2 – 3 mm in diameter after 48 hr, remaining black with black halo,
    but colonies develop sunken center. This characteristics blacking is caused by the indicator
    (aesculin). L.monocytogenes will hydrolyse aesculin and associated reaction with the ferric
    ammonium citrate give rise to black precipitate around the colonies

    Prepared by Dr: Faheem Al-Mojahid


    3
    Microbiology practical Medical. Students 3level lectures Genius University

    Microscopic Appearance :
    o Gram stain :
    G + ve rods, Short, with rounded ends, single or pairs (diplococcic), non – capsulated , non-spore,
    Biochemical tests :
     Catalase test : positive
     Oxidase test : negative

    Motility test = motile


    Treatment :
    Ampicillin ± Aminoglycoside.
    TMP-SMZ (Tri-methoprim- sulfamethoxazoleis)

    Viral Meningitis
    Meningitis is a serious condition that can be caused by various infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses,
    and fungi. Some of the viral infections that can cause meningitis include:
    1. Enteroviruses: These are a group of viruses that can cause a range of infections, including meningitis.
    Some examples of enteroviruses that can cause meningitis include Coxsackie virus and Echovirus.
    Lab diagnosis: Throat swab, Stool, CSF, and Conjunctival swab = RT – PCR
    Cell culture

    Prepared by Dr: Faheem Al-Mojahid


    4
    Microbiology practical Medical. Students 3level lectures Genius University
    Neutralization
    Detection of rising antibody titres
    Polio virus : Throat swab, stool = EM or PCR. Tissue Culture (Cell death), Rising titer

    2. Herpesviruses: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and


    Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are two types of
    herpesviruses that can cause meningitis.
    3. Mumps virus: Mumps is a viral infection that can cause
    meningitis, and it is especially common in children.
    4. Rabies virus
    5. Influenza virus: While rare, the influenza virus can cause meningitis in some cases.
    Viral diagnosis: ELISA and PCR
    Detection of specific viral Ag by (ELISA)
    Detection of Nucleic acid of the virus by PCR

    Fungi
    Cryptococcus neoformans
    Coccidoides immitis
    Histoplasma capsulatum

    Prepared by Dr: Faheem Al-Mojahid


    5
    Microbiology practical Medical. Students 3level lectures Genius University
    Blastomyces dermatitides
    Candida spp.

    Prepared by Dr: Faheem Al-Mojahid


    6

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