LMET INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL.

NAME: GAURAV CHAUDHURY.

CLASS: X.
ROLL: 12208537.
SUBJECT CODE: 402.
SUBJECT TEACHER: KOUSOMBI
MAM.
TOPIC: PROJECT ON NETWORKING
FUNDAMENTAL.
 INDEX.
NETWORKING.

1. DEFINE.

2. TYPES.

3. DATA TRANSFER IN
NETWORK.

4. BENEFITS OF NETWORKING.

5. NETWORK TOPOLOGIES.

6. NETWORK DEVICE.

7. MODELS OF NETWORKING.
 DEFINE.
Networking, also known as computer networking,
is the practice of transporting and exchanging data
between nodes over a shared medium in an
information system. Networking comprises not
only the design, construction and use of a network,
but also the management, maintenance and
operation of the network infrastructure, software
and policies.

Computer networking enables devices and

endpoints to be connected to each other on a local
area network (LAN) or to a larger network, such as
the internet or a private wide area network (WAN).
This is an essential function for service providers,
businesses and consumers worldwide to share
resources, use or offer services, and communicate.
Networking facilitates everything from telephone
calls to text messaging to streaming video to the
internet of things.

At the other end of the spectrum, a layperson may

set up and perform basic troubleshooting for a
home Wi-Fi network with a short instruction
manual. Both examples constitute computer
networking.
 TYPES.

The different types of network are :-

1. LAN.(Local Area Network).

2. WAN.(Wide Area Network).

3. MAN.(Metropolitan Area Network).

4. PAN.(Personal Area Network).

 DATA TRANSFER IN NETWORK.

Data transfer refers to the secure exchange of large

files between systems or organisations. In an
internal context, data transfer is often used as an
alternative to a holistic enterprise application
integration system. However, data transfer is most
often used to share data securely among business
partners, suppliers, or government agencies for
cooperative purposes.

Data transfers are often used to share secure

enterprise data with a business partner. Because the
data is moving beyond the enterprise perimeter,
care must be taken to secure the data. Besides
security, another challenge of data transfer is
complexity. Data transfers involving hundreds or
thousands of files require a reporting and tracking
component to make sure that data is copied
completely and accurately and also to create a
historical record of what was transferred, including
metadata such as time, file size, and destination.
Performance is also a concern as data transfer often
involves very large files that can take a long time to
process.
 BENEFITS OF NETWORKING.
Active networking is vital to career growth. Often
confused with selling, networking is actually about
building long-term relationships and a good reputation
over time. It involves meeting and getting to know people
who you can assist and who can potentially help you in
return. Your network includes everyone from friends and
family to work colleagues and members of groups to
which you belong.

Here are some of the key benefits of networking:

1. Strengthen business connection.
2. Get fresh ideas.
3. Raise your profile.
4. Advance your career.
5. Get access to job opportunities.
6. Gain more knowledge.
7. Get career advice and support.
8. Build confidence.
9. Etc.
 NETWORK TOPOLOGIES.
A Network Topology is the arrangement with which computer
systems or network devices are connected to each other.
Topologies may define both physical and logical aspect of the
network. Both logical and physical topologies could be same or
different in a same network.

The different types of topologies are:-

1. Point-point
2. Bus topology.
3. Star topology.
4. Ring topology.
5. Mesh topology.
6. Tree topology.
7. Daisy chain.
8. Hybrid topology.
 NETWORK DEVICES.
Networking hardware, also known as network
equipment or computer networking devices, are electronic
devices which are required for communication and interaction
between devices on a computer network. Specifically, they
mediate data transmission in a computer network. Units which
are the last receiver or generate data are called hosts, end
systems or data terminal equipments.

Some network devices are:-

1. Router.
2. Network switch.
3. Ethernet hub.
4. Network bridge.
5. Modem.
6. Gateway.
7. Repeater.
 MODELS OF NETWORKING.
A network model reflects a design or architecture to accomplish
communication between different systems. Network models are
also referred to as network stacks or protocol suites. Examples of
network models includes TCP/IP, Sequenced Packet
Exchange/Internet Packet Exchange (SPX/ IPX) used by Novella
Network, the Network Basic Input Output System (Net-BIOS),
which comprises the building blocks for most Microsoft
networking and network applications; and AppleTalk, the
network model for Apple Macintosh computers.
A network model usually consists of layers. Each layer of a model
represents specific functionality. Within the layers of a model,
there are usually protocols specified to implement specific tasks.
You may think of a protocol as a set of rules or a language. Thus,
a layer is normally a collection of protocols.
Types of network models are:-
1. OSI-RM. The international organisation of standardisation
(ISO) is a worldwide body that promotes standard
internationally.
2. The TCP/IP network model.
3. The hardware layer.
4. The network interface layers.
5. The internet layer.
6. The transport layer.
7. The application layer.
 CONCLUSION.

Here, we have come to the end of my IT

project on the topic:- Networking
fundamental.
It was a wonderful and learning experience
for me while working on this project.
I tried my best to include all the points to
the given topic.
I hope my project to be interesting and
knowledgeable.
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT.

I would like to express my special thanks of

gratitude to my teacher Kausambi Mam, who
gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on Networking
fundamentals
I am really thankful to them who also helped
me in completing my project. I came to know
about so many new things

Secondly i would also like to thank my parents

and friends who helped me a lot in finalising
this project within the limited time period

Gaurav Chaudhury.