Analytic Geometry 1

Analytic Geometry
Ø a branch of mathematics which
uses algebraic equations to
describe the size and position of
geometric figures on a coordinate
system.
2-D Coordinate Systems
• Origin
• Line
• Plane
• Point
• Coordinate (a,b) same as (x,y)
• Units
Dimensions

a 0 b
y

x
Cartesian Plane
x-axis (horizontal axis) where
the x values are plotted along

y-axis (vertical axis) where the y

values are plotted along

origin, symbolized by 0, marks

the value of 0 of both axes

coordinates are given in the

form (x,y) and is used to
represent different points on the
plane.
Coordinate System
y
Review

II I
x
Origin

III IV
Line & Line Segment
y
y = mx + b

x
Line & Line Segment
y
AB

A
Ordered Pairs Review : (a,b)
b

(-a,b)
II I (a,b)
a

(-a,-b)
III IV (a,-b)
Distance Formula
ü 1-D
ü 2-D
ü 3-D
1-D

a 0 b

|b – a| or |a – b|
2-D: “THE” Distance formula

A
Distance between Two Points
Midpoint between Two Points
Division of a Line Segment
Inclination and Slope of a Line
Equation of a Line

Ø General form (2–point form)

Ø Point – Slope form
Ø Slope – Intercept form
Ø Intercept form
Point – Slope Form

where:
m : slope
Slope – Intercept Form

where:
m : slope
b : y-intercept
Two–point Form
Two Intercept Form

where:
a : x-intercept
b : y-intercept
General Form

Ax + By + C = 0
Parallel & Perpendicular Lines
y y

x x
Angle between 2 intersecting Lines

L2



L1
m2  m1
tan  
1  m1m2
Where: m1 = slope of the initial side
m2 = slope of the terminal side
note :     180 0
Slope of a Straight Line
Directed distance of a Line to a Point

where:
A : coefficient of x
B : coefficient of y
C : constant
x : abscissa of the point
y :ordinate of the point
 General Equation of the Circle

To graph and determine the properties of this

circle, we have to transform this to standard
form:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. Find the equation of the line passing through
the point A (3, -2) and perpendicular to the line
20x–y–34=0
Given:
Point = (3, -2)
Slope: ⊥ to 20x–y–34=0

- Use point-slope form since there’s a given point

and we can solve for the slope
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. Find the equation of the line passing through
the point A (3, -2) and perpendicular to the line
20x–y–34=0
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
2. Find the abscissa of a point whose ordinate is 5
if this point is collinear with the points (1, -2) and
(4, 2).
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
3. Find the coordinates of the point which is 3/8 of
the way from the point (-1, 3) to the point (4, -2).

P1 (-1, 3)

P2 (4, -2)
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
3. Find the coordinates of the point which is 3/8 of
the way from the point (-1, 3) to the point (4, -2).

P1 (-1, 3)

P2 (4, -2)
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
4. Find the equation of the circle with a diameter
of which is the line segment connecting the
centers of the following circles: x2+y2+2x+2y-7=0
and x2+y2-4x+8y-5=0.
Get center (C1) of x2+y2+2x+2y-7=0
(x2+2x+1)+(y2+2y+1)=7+1+1
(x+1)2+(y+1)2=9 C1 (-1, -1)
Get center (C2) of x2+y2-4x+8y-5=0.
(x2-4x+4)+(y2+8y+16)=5+4+16
(x-2)2+(y+4)2=25 C2 (2, -4)
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
4. Find the equation of the circle with a diameter
of which is the line segment connecting the
centers of the following circles: x2+y2+2x+2y-7=0
and x2+y2-4x+8y-5=0.
C1 (-1, -1) & C2 (2, -4) are the diameter endpoints
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
4. Find the equation of the circle with a diameter
of which is the line segment connecting the
centers of the following circles: x2+y2+2x+2y-7=0
and x2+y2-4x+8y-5=0.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
5. A circle has its center at (-3,2) and one end of
the diameter is located at (7,2). Find the location
of the other end of the diameter.

Ans. (-13, 2)
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
6. The ff. points A(2,1), B(5,5), C(9,2), D(6,-2) are
the endpoints of what shape?

B (5, 5)

C (9, 2)
A (2, 1)

D (6, -2)
Ans. SQUARE
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
7. Find the radius and center of the circle:
x2 + y2 - 2x - 4y + 1 = 0.

(x2 – 2x + 1) + (y2 – 4y + 4) = -1 + 1 + 4
(x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = 4

Ans. C (1, 2) and r = 2

SAMPLE PROBLEMS
8. Find the equation of the circle through the
points A(4, -2), B(6, 1), C(-1, 3).

x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
A (4, -2): 16 + 4 + 4D – 2E + F = 0
B (6, 1): 36 + 1 + 6D – 1E + F = 0
C (-1, 3): 1 + 9 – D + 3E + F = 0
Solving 3 equations simultaneously,
D = - 4.6 E = - 2.6 F = - 6.8
Ans. x2 + y2 – 4.6x – 2.6y – 6.8 = 0