Cruz Roja Argentina Filial San Isidro

Tecnicatura Superior en Radiologia 1° año

Class 6 RX
READING COMPREHENSION (Solo leer y comprender)

URINARY SYSTEM

The organs, tubes, muscles and nerves that work together to create, store and
carry urine are the urinary system. The urinary system includes two kidneys,
two ureters, the bladder, two sphincter muscles and the urethra.

1. KIDNEYS: They remove urea from the blood through filtering units called
nephrons.
2. URETERS: From the kidneys, urine travels down two thin tubes called
ureters to the bladder.
3. BLADDER: It is a hollow, muscular organ. It stores urine until you are ready
to empty it.
4. SPHINCTERS: These are two circular muscles that help keep urine from
leaking. They close tightly like a rubber band around the opening of the bladder
into the urethra.
5. URETHRA: It is the tube that allows urine to pass outside the body.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

The digestive system consists of the parts of the body working together, that
help turn food and liquids into the building blocks and fuel the body needs.

1. ORAL CAVITY: It is where the digestive tract begins. Enzymes released into
the mouth start the process of digestion.
2. PHARYNX: Because both food and air move through it, the pharynx is part
of both the respiratory and digestive systems.
3. ESOPHAGUS: It is a soft, muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx
to the stomach.
4. LIVER: The liver is the body’s largest internal organ. The liver performs
many tasks, including storing energy and helping the body get rid of toxins.
5. STOMACH: The stomach has a lining that is tough enough to hold up in the
acidic environment needed to break down food.
6. PANCREAS: The pancreas makes hormones (including insulin) to regulate
the blood glucose level. It also makes enzymes to break down food in the
intestines.
7. GALLBLADDER: The gallbladder is a small pouch that stores bile. The
gallbladder releases bile into the duodenum to help digest fats in the food you
eat.
8. APPENDIX: The appendix is attached to the cecum.
9. ANUS: The anus marks the exit point of the digestive tract where feces leave
the body.

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Also known as the cardiovascular system, the system that delivers oxygen and
nutrients throughout the body by a complex network of vessels – arteries,
arterioles, capillaries and veins.
1. ARTERIES, ARTERIOLES, AND CAPILLARIES: They carry blood away
from the heart to all parts of the body and allow exchange of nutrients and
wastes through capillary walls from blood to the tissues and organs.
2. VEINS: They carry deoxygenated blood back to the lungs for reoxygenation.
 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

1. UTERUS: Also called the womb, the uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ
with a muscular wall. The uterus expands many times in size during pregnancy
to hold the growing fetus.
2. OVARIES: The ovaries are located in the left and right lower abdomen. Ovaries
produce eggs as well as hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
3. FALLOPIAN TUBES: These thin, soft tubes extend from the uterus to the
ovaries. During ovulation, an ovary releases an egg into the Fallopian tube next to
it.
4. CERVIX: The cervix is the lower portion of the uterus that opens into the
vagina. During labor, the cervix dilates (expands) to about 10 centimeters in
diameter.
5. VAGINA: This tube-like organ connects the uterus to the outside of the body.
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

1. BLADDER: The bladder is the muscular sac that stores the urine until it is
released through the urethra.
2. SEMINAL VESICLES: Located at the base of the bladder, the two seminal
vesicles secrete a thick fluid that nourishes the sperm.
3. PROSTATE GLAND: This gland surrounds a portion of the urethra and
produces some of the fluids in semen.
4. URETHRA: The urethra is the tube that carries semen and urine out of the
penis.
5. VAS DEFERENS: Also called the ductus deferens, this thin muscular tube
transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.
6. EPIDIDYMIS: Next to each testicle, the epididymis is a tightly coiled tube
where sperm are stored. From here, sperm are transported to the vas deferens.
7. TESTICLE: The two testicles (or testes) produce sperm and the male sex
hormone testosterone.
8. SCROTUM: The scrotum (sometimes called the scrotal sac) contains the
testicles and epididymis and hangs under the penis.
9. PENIS: The penis is made of two parts: the shaft (the main part) and the glans
(the tip). The penis delivers sperm through the urethra into the female
reproductive tract.

ACTIVITIES:

1-Read carefully , find the words and copy them in the