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Bahasa Inggris II Introduction To Structure and Written Expressions

This document provides an overview of the structure and written expression section of the TOEFL exam. It discusses two approaches for solving problems - analytical and intuitive. The document recommends being familiar with exam directions, managing time well by choosing answers quickly, and only guessing if no other options are clear. It also defines key elements of sentences like subjects and verbs, and structures that can cause confusion, such as appositives and objects of prepositions.

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siti rohmah
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58 views1 page

Bahasa Inggris II Introduction To Structure and Written Expressions

This document provides an overview of the structure and written expression section of the TOEFL exam. It discusses two approaches for solving problems - analytical and intuitive. The document recommends being familiar with exam directions, managing time well by choosing answers quickly, and only guessing if no other options are clear. It also defines key elements of sentences like subjects and verbs, and structures that can cause confusion, such as appositives and objects of prepositions.

Uploaded by

siti rohmah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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A.

INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN


EXPRESSION
The second part of TOEFL is aimed to test your understanding of English grammar and
usage. It is divided into two parts: structure and written expression. In standard form, there
are 15 items for structure and 25 items for written expression. The time provided to
complete this section is 25 minutes.
According to Rogers (2001), there are two possible approaches to section 2 problems:
analytical and intuitive approaches. A test- maker who uses an analytical approach usually
quickly analyzes the sentence grammatically (what is the missing element and which part of
sentence is incorrect). While the second approach, the test-maker uses more his intuition, his
feeling, what sounds right or wrong. Thus, the test-maker should be wise which approach is
suitable for him: the first, the second or even both of them.
Strategies for section 2:
1. Be familiar with the direction for both parts
2. Your time is about 30 seconds every item so manage the time well. Choose the answer
quickly after read and consider the four possible answers. But if you are not sure the
answer, consider and eliminate the impossible answers. Then, decide what the most
possible choice is (based on your intuition).
3. Do not leave any answers blank. Guessing is the last choice if you do not have any idea
at all.

B. SENTENCE
The main elements of sentence are subject and verb while object and adverb are
optional. A simple sentence consists of one clause (one subject and one verb). Subject could
be noun (e.g. house, book, people), pronoun (e.g She, they, it), gerund (e.g. reading, fishing), to
infinitive (to buy, to give), noun phrase (e.g. a person, some money) and noun clause (e.g.
what you need). Verb is formed by ordinary verb (and its inflections based on the tense, voice
etc.) and be verb.
Generally, it is not difficult to find the subject and verb in a sentence. However, certain
structures, such as appositives, object of preposition and participle, often make confusion in
determining the subject and the verb.

1. APPOSITIVES
An appositive is a noun phrase that rephrases another noun phrase. It is a noun that
comes before or after another noun and has the same meaning. Appositive gives additional
information to the subject and if it is deleted, it won’t change the meaning of the whole
sentence.
Buffalo Bill, a famous frontiersman, operated his own Wild West.

Bill is the subject of the sentence. A famous frontiersman is an appositive. Buffalo and a
famous frontiersman are the same person. Thus, if you delete a famous frontiersman, it does not
change the meaning of the sentence. It still makes sense (Buffalo Bill operated his own Wild
West).

2. OBJECT OF PREPOSITION
An object of preposition is a noun or pronoun that comes after a preposition. It can
cause confusion because it looks like a subject of a sentence, but actually it is not.
At the neighborhood flower shop, flowers in quantities of a dozen or a half dozen can be
delivered for free.

Preparation for Academic English Test 57

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