Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Advanced Metering Infrastructure

[AMI] using IoT
Riya Lewis, Mamatha S., Savan S Tilva, Shama Maimoona
Department of Computer Science,
Srinivas Institute of Technology, Mangalore, Karnataka, 574143

Abstract:- Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is a I. INTRODUCTION

system that enables the collection and analysis of energy
consumption data in real-time. With the integration of AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) is a two-way
Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, AMI has evolved communication technology used to collect detailed metering
into a more sophisticated and efficient solution for data across the utility's service business. AMI is often
managing energy resources. This abstract provides an automated, allowing for real-time, on-demand interrogations
overview of AMI using IoT, highlighting its key of metering endpoints.AMI is a network of sensors, Smart
components, benefits, and challenges. AMI using IoT Meters, and software that allows end users to monitor and
leverages a network of smart meters equipped with IoT control utilities including water, gas, and electricity. AMI
sensors to monitor and transmit energy consumption systems allow for the real-time measurement and display of
data. These smart meters are capable of measuring and time-specific data, which, when combined with remote
recording energy usage at regular intervals, providing a control capabilities, can help businesses and homes reduce
granular view of consumption patterns. The collected overhead expenses and manage resource consumption more
data is then transmitted to a central server or cloud- precisely. To prevent tampering with data and control
based platform through wireless communication capabilities, AMI must be used in conjunction with modern
protocols such as Wi-Fi, cellular networks, or Low- security solutions. This is significant because the data
Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN).The integration provided by an AMI system frequently determines both
of IoT in AMI brings numerous advantages. Firstly, it direct billing and operational decisions.
enables real-time monitoring of energy consumption,
allowing utilities and consumers to gain insights into II. OBJECTIVES
usage patterns, identify energy-saving opportunities, and The key objectives of AMI using IoT include:
make informed decisions regarding energy management.
 Accurate and timely data collection: IoT-enabled smart
Secondly, AMI using IoT facilitates remote meter meters can collect meter readings at regular intervals,
reading, eliminating the need for manual meter reading providing accurate and up-to-date data on energy
and reducing operational costs. Additionally, it enables
consumption, which helps utilities in billing, forecasting,
faster detection and resolution of faults or abnormalities,
and load management.
improving overall system reliability and reducing
 Real-time monitoring and control: AMI using IoT allows
downtime. However, implementing AMI using IoT also
utilities to monitor energy usage in real-time, detect
presents certain challenges. One significant challenge is
anomalies or issues promptly, and remotely control
the security and privacy of data transmitted over the IoT
meters, enabling efficient load management and response
network. Measures must be in place to ensure the
to emergencies or outages.
confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of the data, as
well as protect against unauthorized access and cyber  Enhanced operational efficiency: IoT-enabled smart
threats. Another challenge is the scalability of the meters automate data collection, reducing the need for
system, as large-scale deployments require robust manual meter reading and associated operational costs.
infrastructure and network management capabilities to This improves the overall efficiency of utility operations,
handle the high volume of data generated by a multitude including billing, customer service, and asset
of connected devices.In conclusion, AMI using IoT offers management.
a promising solution for effective energy management.  Improved customer service: With real-time access to their
By leveraging IoT technologies, it enables real-time energy consumption data, customers can make informed
monitoring, remote meter reading, and improved fault decisions about their energy usage, leading to potential
detection. However, addressing security concerns and energy savings. Additionally, IoT-enabled smart meters
ensuring scalable infrastructure are critical for the can enable faster fault detection and resolution, leading to
successful implementation and widespread adoption of improved customer satisfaction.
AMI using IoT in energy management systems.  Optimized energy distribution: AMI using IoT provides
utilities with detailed insights into energy usage patterns,
Keywords:- AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) ,IoT helping them optimize energy distribution and identify
(Internet of Things) ,Smart Grid ,Smart Meter ,Energy areas for energy conservation, load balancing, and
Management ,Real-time Monitoring ,Data Analytics ,Cloud demand response programs.
Computing ,Wireless Communication ,Sensor Networks

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Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Sustainability and environmental impact: By providing C. Energy Monitoring Using LoRaWAN-based Smart
real-time data on energy consumption, AMI using IoT can Meters and oneM2M Platform
promote energy conservation, enable better load In this paper, we have proposed a novel and scalable
management, and support the integration of renewable real-time energy monitoring system employing LoRaWAN
energy sources into the grid, contributing to sustainability enabled smart meters and a oneM2M service platform. A
and reducing the environmental impact of energy novel format was used for the LoRaWAN PDU that
consumption. contained46 bytes of payload denoting values of phase
currents and voltages, frequency, power factor, and power
III. LITERATURESURVEY and energy consumption related information. The data
accumulated over the four months of deployment can be
Literature survey is the documentation of a analyzed to detect faults, minimize power loss and reduce
comprehensive review of the published and unpublished energy consumption, and can be used for visualization
work from secondary sources data in the areas of specific purposes. This deployment can be scaledup to 100 energy
interest to the researcher. It is important for gathering the meters in the future, without the need for additional
secondary data for the research which might be proved very infrastructure. An Inter-working Proxy Entity (IPE) can be
helpful in the research. The literature survey can be incorporated instead of a proxy server, to seamlessly transfer
conducted for several decoded packet information to the oneM2M platform.
reasons. The literature review can be in any area of the
business. Below are the few papers referred. D. Effective Energy Consumption Scheduling in Smart
Homes
A. A Low Cost Smart Meter Network for a Smart Utility The DMES device, through daily electricity consumption
In this paper a low cost solution for the real-time energy scheduling, has been shown in this work as a device that can
management in a smart grid is presented. It provides several be used to ensure that consumers do spend on electricity
power meters, that continuously monitor connected loads bills within a desired limit. Consequentially, it would help
communicating with a Data. Through the implemented web both the utility provider and the customers towards better
server, the users can remotely control their consumption energy savings, financial savings, planning and budgeting
using a web browser. From them it stems that the proposed for a more reliable and sustainable.
Smart Meter network can be easily installed in a home and
in an industrial grid with the possibility to monitoring the E. Real-Time Smart Meter With Embedded Web Server
various loads through a local friendly user interface or the Capability
remote web server. In our project, apart from this, we are In this paper a smart energy meter network is presented
also using some sensors to detect the fire, smoke and with the aim to obtain a low-cost device for a sustainable
temperature that alerts the user in the sense of descry. use of electrical energy. The master microcontroller, called
data aggregator, acquires information about the single load
B. Design, Implementation, and Deployment of an IOT via CAN Protocol. It was implemented a web server that , in
Based Smart Energy Management System addition to acquiring the several parameters, updates daily
In this paper, the smart meter measures a wide range of the energy price: with this information it calculates the
electrical variables for example current, voltage, frequency, amount of the billing and is able to make decisions for an
power and power factor. These variables are recorded at a use efficient of the energy such as to disconnect a single
specific time and the granularity of recording of the data load or to decide its time of use. The users can locally
differs from few minutes to few hours depending upon the control their consumption through the display of the data
requirements. The frequent data recording provides a aggregator and remotely using a web browser.
comprehensive insight of the events and allows to gain a
better understanding of the load usage patterns. In our IV. PROPOSEDMETHODOLOGY
project, we implement Machine Learning concept to plot the
load usage and also to predict the monthly electricity bill A proposed methodology for AMI using IOT can
with the help of recorded data set having the electrical include steps such as sensor deployment, data acquisition,
variables. The smart meter in this paper initiate alerts and data processing, and system optimization. This methodology
notifications in case of any electrical parameter deviating can aim to enable efficient energy consumption and provide
from the standard limit. These alerts are helpful in the accurate billing for consumers while also reducing carbon
identification and elimination of system deficiencies and emissions.
power losses leading to efficient load management, fault
analysis and load profiling. In our project, we use relay A. Methodology
sensor that help the consumer to reduce the electricity bill The methodology for AMI (Advanced Metering
by detecting when the consumer exceeds the sanctioned load Infrastructure) using IoT (Internet of Things) involves
and once the maximum demand exceeds the sanction load, several stages. The first stage involves the selection of
immediately it will reset power supply so the MD penalty hardware components and sensors for collecting data from
charges are saved. the meters, which are then connected to a gateway device.
The gateway device transmits the data to the cloud for
processing and analysis.

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Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
In the next stage, data analytics tools are used to The final stage involves the implementation of a
process and analyze the data, which is then presented in a feedback mechanism, which enables customers to view their
meaningful way through visualization tools. This helps in energy consumption patterns and take steps to reduce their
identifying patterns and anomalies, and provides insights energy consumption. This feedback mechanism can be
into energy usage patterns of the customers. provided through a mobile app or a web portal.

The third stage involves the implementation of Overall, the methodology for AMI using IoT involves
demand response programs, which enable customers to the integration of various hardware components, data
modify their energy usage patterns in response to pricing analytics tools, demand response programs, and feedback
signals or other incentives. This helps in reducing energy mechanisms to enable utilities to monitor and optimize the
consumption during peak periods and improves the overall energy consumption patterns of their customers.
efficiency of the grid.

B. Hardware Components

Table 1: Hardware Components

Sl no Name
1. Esp32 microcontroller
2. Liquid-crystal display (LCD)
3. I2c
4. Current sensor
5. Voltage sensor
6. Relay
7. Dc load
8. Button

C. Circuit Diagram

Fig. 1: Circuit Diagram

We utilized Fritzing software to generate the circuit Circuit diagram shown above using the Fritzing programme.
design shown above. The components used include a relay, The components utilized include a relay, a voltage sensor, a
a voltage sensor, a current sensor, an ESP32, a fan, a light, current sensor, an ESP32, a fan, a light, and a converter, all
and a converter, all of which are combined in the exact of which are combined in the exact needed form to produce
needed form to provide the desired output. We created the the desired output.

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Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
D. Current Calculation

Fig. 2: Current Calculation Flowchart

 STEPS:
 Start, In ESP32 Analog pin 35 is used to sense the proportional current value.
 Then the proportional current value is divided by 1024 and multiplied by 5000.
 Then it is Divided by (adcVoltage - offsetVoltage) / sensitivity).
 To get the voltage value that is needed.
 Stop.

E. Voltage Calculation

Fig. 3: Voltage Calculation Flowchart

 STEPS:
 Start the device, In ESP32 Analog pin 32 is used to sense the proportional voltage value.
 Then the proportional value is multiplied by 5 and divided by 1024.
 Then it is Divided by (R1/R1+R2).
 To get the voltage value that is needed.
 End it is Stopped.

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Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
F. Flow of the Project

Fig. 4: Complete Program Flowchart

 STEPS:
 Start, initializing 35 as current sensing pin and 32 as voltage sensing pin.
 Initializing other variables for voltage calculations, current calculations and display.
 Voltage calculation and current calculation display.
 Power calculation from obtained current and voltage values.
 Check for the condition is current is less then 1KWA.
 If the value of current is more than 1KWA then set pin no 15 as low to relay or if the value of current is less than 1KWA then
then set pin no 15 as high to relay.
 Stop.

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Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
V. IMPLEMENTATION

Fig. 5: Initial Project Setup

The above figures shows the initial setup of the project using regulated power supply(RPS) as supply to the setup and DC
lamp and DC fan as load.

A. Voltage sensing and observation

 Coding steps:

 Initializing the voltage variables

float VSensorPin = 32;

float adc_avgvalue;
float adc_voltage;
float R1 = 30000.0;
float R2 = 7500.0;
float ref_voltage = 3.62;
float adc_value;
float Voltage;

Code For Initializing Voltage Variables

 Declaration of formula for voltage calculation

adc_avgvalue = adc_value / 151;

adc_voltage = (adc_avgvalue * ref_voltage) / 4096.0;
// adc_voltage = (adc_voltage);
Voltage = (adc_voltage / (R2 / (R1 + R2)));
CodeForVoltageCalculation
Display the values calculated on LCD display

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Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Serial.println("Input Voltage = " + String(Voltage));

lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("ENERGY METER");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("V: ");
lcd.print(Voltage, 2);
lcd.setCursor(9, 1);
Code For Voltage Display

B. Current sensing and observation

 Coding steps:

 Initializing the current variables

float CSensorPin = 35;

float CurrentSVal;
float Current;
float CurrentSAvgvalue;
int value;
Code for initializing voltage variables

 Declaration of formula for current calculation

CurrentSAvgvalue = CurrentSVal / 151;

Current = (((CurrentSAvgvalue * 5.0) / 4096.0) / 0.185) - 18.13;
Code for current calculation

 Display the values calculated on LCD display

Serial.println("Input Current = " + String(Current));

lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("ENERGY METER");
lcd.print("I: ");
lcd.print(Current, 2);
lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
Code for current display

C. Power calculation and relay observation

 Coding steps:
 Calculation of power by voltage times current
Voltage and current values from the voltage and current sensor are taken they were multiplied to get the power which his
given by formula “power=voltage *current”.

Power = Current * Voltage;

Code for power calculation

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Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Display the values calculated on LCD display

lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
lcd.print("P: ");
lcd.print(Power, 2);
lcd.setCursor(9, 2);

lcd.print("E: ");
lcd.print(Energy, 2);
lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
Code for power display

 Controlling the relay unit

if (RelayRstVal == 0){
digitalWrite(RelayHPin, LOW);
Serial.println("Hi");
lcd.print("CONSUMPTION in LIMIT");
}
else if (Current > 0.6){
lcd.print("CONSUMPTION EXCEEDED");
digitalWrite(RelayHPin, HIGH);
}
else if ((Current < 0.6) && (RelayHVal == 1)){
lcd.print("Press Rst BUTTON");
}
else{
lcd.print("CONSUMPTION in LIMIT");
}
}
Codeforrelaycontrol

Fig. 6: Digital display of Power Consumed

VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE networks, and AI. These advances will enable AMI to
become even more efficient, secure, and scalable.
AMI using IOT has numerous advantages, including Additionally, the integration of renewable energy sources
increased energy efficiency, reduced costs, and improved into the grid will further improve the sustainability of the
system performance. It has the potential to revolutionize the system. Overall, AMI using IOT is a promising technology
way we consume energy by providing real-time information with enormous potential to transform the energy sector, and
on energy consumption and optimizing energy usage.In the its future looks bright.
future, AMI using IOT will continue to evolve, with
advances in technology such as edge computing, 5G

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Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
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