Lab 5 - Numerical Techniques 1.

Aim
a) Construct a python program for Jacobi Iteration method and solve the linear equation.
b) Construct a python program for Gauss Seidel method and solve the linear equation.

a) Program & Flowchart (Jacobi Iteration)

import numpy as np
a=np.array([[2,-1,2],[2,-1,1],[1,3,-1]])
b=np.array([6,3,4])

x=np.zeros(len(a[0]))
xnew=np.zeros(len(a[0]))
n=len(a[0])
iterlimit=10
err = 0.1

for iterate in range(iterlimit):

for i in range(n):
sum = 0
for j in range(n):
if (j!=i):
sum=sum + (a[i,j] * x[j])
xnew[i] = -(1/a[i,i]) * (sum - b[i])
diff = abs(x-xnew)
if (max(diff) < err):
break
x = list(xnew)
print(xnew)

print(iterate)
print(xnew)

RESULTS:
b) Program & Flowchart (Gauss Seidel)

import numpy as np
a=np.array([[2,-1,2],[2,-1,1],[1,3,-1]])
b=np.array([6,3,4])

x=np.zeros(len(a[0]))

n=len(a[0])
iterlimit=1000
Err = 0.1
y=list(x)
for iterate in range(iterlimit):
for i in range(n):
sum = 0
for j in range(n):
if (j!=i):
sum=sum + (a[i,j] * x[j])
x[i] = -(1/a[i,i]) * (sum - b[i])
diff = abs(x-y)
if (max(diff) < err):
break
y = list(x)
print x

print(iterate)
print(x)

RESULTS:
 Lab 6 - Numerical Techniques 2.
Aim
a) Construct a python program for Bisection method and solve the non linear equation.
b) Construct a python program for Newton Raphson method and solve the non linear
equation.

a) Program & Flowchart (Bisection method)

import numpy as np
def func(x):
return (np.cos(x)-x)

x0,x1 = input("Enter the initial values").split()

x0 =float(x0)
x1 =float(x1)

e = input("Enter the required accuray")

y0 = func(x0)
y1 = func(x1)

if y0*y1>0:
print("Invalid values")
else:
while abs((x1-x0)/x1) >=e:
x2 =(x0+x1)/2
y2 = func(x2)
if y0*y2 <0:
x1 = x2
y1 = y2

else:
x0 = x2
y0 = y2

print("Root of the equation is", x2)

RESULTS:
b) Program & Flowchart (Newton Raphson)

import numpy as np
def func(x):
return ((x**2)-3*x+2)
def fund(x):
return (2*x-3)
x0 = input("Enter the initial value")
x0 =float(x0)

e = input("Enter the required accuray")

y0 = func(x0)
yd0 = fund(x0)

x1 = x0 - (y0/yd0)
print(x0,x1 )

while abs((x1-x0)/x1) >=e:

y0 = func(x1)
yd0 = fund(x1)
x2 = x1 - (y0/yd0)
x0 = x1
x1 = x2
print(x1,x2)
print(x2)

RESULTS:
Lab 7 - Numerical Techniques 3.
Aim
a) Construct a python program for Trapezoidal rule and solve the integral equation.
b) Construct a python program for Simpsons’s (1/3)rd rule and solve the integral equation.
c) Construct a python program for Simpsons’s (3/8)rd rule and solve the integral equation.

a) Program & Flowchart (Trapezoidal)

import numpy as np
def fun(x):
y = np.exp(x)*np.sin(x)
return y

x0,xn,n = input("Enter the limits and no. of intervals").split()

x0 =float(x0)
xn =float(xn)

sum1 = 0.0
sum2 = 0.0

h = (xn-x0)/n

y0 = fun(x0)

yn = fun(xn)

for i in range(1,n):

sum1 = sum1+fun(x0+(i*h))
print fun(x0+(i*h))

y = (h/2) * (y0+(2*sum1) +yn)

print(y)

RESULTS:
b) Program & Flowchart (Simpson’s 1/3)

import numpy as np
def fun(x):
y = np.exp(x)*np.sin(x)
return y

x0,xn,n = input("Enter the limits and no. of

intervals").split()
x0 =float(x0)
xn =float(xn)

s1 = 0.0
s2 = 0.0

h = (xn-x0)/n

y0 = fun(x0)

yn = fun(xn)

for i in range(1,n):
if i%2==0:
s1 = s1+fun(x0+(i*h))

else:
s2 = s2+fun(x0+(i*h))

y = (h/3) * (y0+(4*s2)+(2*s1) +yn)

print(y) y = (h/3) * (y0+(4*s2)+(2*s1) +yn)

RESULTS:
c) Program & Flowchart (Simpson’s 3/8)
import numpy as np
def fun(x):
y = np.exp(x)*np.sin(x)
return y

x0,x1,n = input("Enter the limits and no. of

intervals").split()

s1 = 0.0
s2 = 0.0

h = (x1-x0)/n
y0 = fun(x0)
yn = fun(x1)

for i in range(1,n):
if i%3==0:
s1 = s1+fun(x0+(i*h))

else:
s2 = s2+fun(x0+(i*h))

y = (3*h/8) * (y0+(3*s2)+(2*s1) +yn)

print(y)

y = (3*h/8) * (y0+(3*s2)+(2*s1) +yn)

RESULTS:
 Lab 8 - Numerical Techniques 4.
Aim
a) Construct a python program for Euler’s method and solve the differential equation.
b) Construct a python program for Runge-Kutta method and solve the differential equation.

a) Program & Flowchart (Euler’s method)

def fun(y):
return (y**2-1)

x0,xn,y0,h= input("Enter x0, xn, y, stepsize").split()

while (x0<xn-h):
f = fun(y0)
y0 = y0+(h*f)
x0 = x0+h
print(x0,y0)

RESULTS:
b) Program & Flowchart (Runge-Kutta method)

def fun(x,y):
val = ((5*x*x) - y) / np.exp(x+y)
return(val)

x0,xn,h,y0=input("x0,xn,h,y0").split()

n=int((xn-x0)/h)

x=x0
y=y0

for i in range(n):
k1=h*fun(x,y)
k2=h*fun(x+(h/2.),y+(k1/2.))
k3=h*fun(x+(h/2.),y+(k2/2.))
k4=h*fun(x+h,y+k3)
y=y+((k1+(2*k2)+(2*k3)+k4)/6.)
x=x+h
print(x,y)

print(x,y)

RESULTS:
 Lab 9 - Numerical Techniques 5.
Aim

a) Construct a python program to solve free fall of a body using Euler’s method
b) Construct a python program to solve simple harmonic motion using Euler’s method

a) Program & Flowchart (Free fall)

y0,t0,tn,v0,n = input("Enter initial position,velocity,

time,no. of intervals and final time").split()

g=9.8

h = (tn-t0)/n

while (t0<tn-h):

y0 = y0+(h*v0)
v0 = v0+(h*g)
t0 = t0+h
print(t0,y0,v0)

RESULTS:

b) Program & Flowchart (SHM)

x0,tn,t0,v0,n = input("Enter initial values").split()

h = (tn-t0)/n
k=1
m=1
while(t0<tn-h):
a=(-k/m)*x0
v0 = v0+(h*a)
x0 = x0+(h*v0)
t0 = t0+h
print(t0,x0,v0,a)

RESULTS: