Ancient Rome had a major influence on modern Western civilization. Its empire controlled many other countries and cities across Europe and around the Mediterranean. Archaeologists have learned about Roman civilization through artifacts, monuments, written accounts, and excavations of buried cities like Pompeii and Herculaneum that were destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. Roman innovations like concrete, aqueducts, urban planning, and Latin-based languages continue to impact society today.
Ancient Rome had a major influence on modern Western civilization. Its empire controlled many other countries and cities across Europe and around the Mediterranean. Archaeologists have learned about Roman civilization through artifacts, monuments, written accounts, and excavations of buried cities like Pompeii and Herculaneum that were destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. Roman innovations like concrete, aqueducts, urban planning, and Latin-based languages continue to impact society today.
Ancient Rome had a major influence on modern Western civilization. Its empire controlled many other countries and cities across Europe and around the Mediterranean. Archaeologists have learned about Roman civilization through artifacts, monuments, written accounts, and excavations of buried cities like Pompeii and Herculaneum that were destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. Roman innovations like concrete, aqueducts, urban planning, and Latin-based languages continue to impact society today.
Ancient Rome had a major influence on modern Western civilization. Its empire controlled many other countries and cities across Europe and around the Mediterranean. Archaeologists have learned about Roman civilization through artifacts, monuments, written accounts, and excavations of buried cities like Pompeii and Herculaneum that were destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. Roman innovations like concrete, aqueducts, urban planning, and Latin-based languages continue to impact society today.
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Our Roots in Ancient Civilisation: Ancient Rome
How we know about Ancient Rome 1. Artefacts e.g. coins, pottery and jewellery. 2. Monuments e.g. aqueduct and Colosseum. 3. Written Accounts e.g. Pliny the Younger 4. Excavation towns e.g. Pompeii and Herculaneum. Both were wealthy cities south of Rome built on the side of Mt. Vesuvius. Mt. Vesuvius erupted in AD 79. Tonnes of ash spurted into the sky. Many survived the first day but on the second Vesuvius erupted again and lava and ash poured from the volcano at 160km an hour. 5,000 people died horribly. The city lay undisturbed for 1,500 years until it was discovered in the late 1700’s. Archaeologists were able to make casts of the bodies where th e people lay when the lava covered them. Key Terms Empire Where one country controls several others Senate The name of the roman government Patricians Rich Romans who lived in villas or domus Plebeians Poor Romans who lived in insulae Legion Group of 5,000 soldiers in the roman army Auxilia Back up army Forum Place where the roman market was held Via Sacra Holy Road through the centre of the forum Mosaics Pictures and designs made from tiny pieces of glass and tiles Atrium Hall open to the sky, which had marble columns, bronze statues and pools and fountains. Peristyle: walled garden. Impluvium: Shallow pool Dole Government handout of bread to the poor Jupiter Father of the Gods Pantheon Temple to all the roman gods Catacombs Underground graveyards where the dead were buried and where Christians hid. Thermopolia Take away shops at the bottom of insulae Twelve Tables Written code of law Decimation Every tenth soldier could be taken out for execution Cena Main meal of the patricians that lasted hours
Women and slaves were not allowed to become citizens. It was forbidden to bury corpses in the city in case it polluted the sacred places. Mothers taught daughters how to manage a household and to spin, weave and sew. Some rich girls were taught Greek literature and how to play an instrument. Some rich boys studied reading, writing, arithmetic and all about Greek and Roman writers. Oratory: The art of public speaking The official dress of a Roman was the toga. Most men wore a tunic as well while women also wore a stola. Roman Entertainment Baths: Over 900 in Rome. Some could hold up to 3,000 people. They were a chance to meet up with friends, exercise, go to the library. Massaged by a slave with olive oil which was then removed using a strigil. Caldarium: hot bath. Tepidarium: warms bath. Frigidarium: cold bath. Circus Maximus: Chariot races were held. Could hold up to 250,000 people. Colosseum: Held gladiator battles. Gladiators were slaves who fought each other and animals for entertainment. Could hold up to 50,000 people. Shows could go on for weeks. How the Roman Empire was defeated 1. Under Empire Constantine most of the business of the empire was being done in Constantinople. 2. Barbarian tribes around the edges of the Roman Empire wanted some of Rome’s wealth and slowly began to take over parts of the weaken empire. These tribes included the Vandals, the Goths, the Saxons and the Franks. The Influence of Ancient Rome 1. Concrete 2. Architecture-pillars, domes, rounded arches 3. Aqueducts-supplied water to the towns and cities 4. Italian, French and Spanish are modern versions of the Roman language, Latin. 5. Towns founded e.g. London, Paris, Cologne. Planned in a grid pattern. 6. We use the Roman calendar. 7. Over 30% of the words we use in English come from Latin words. 8. Today Roman law still forms the basis of law in many European countries. Health and Medicine in Ancient Rome Galen: A Roman doctor. Followed the Greek ideas about the four humours- yellow bile, black bile, blood, and phlegm. If they were in the correct proportion, a person would be healthy. Galen believed in the theory of opposites to sure sickness e.g., pepper to cure a cold. Bloodletting: restore the balance of fluids, blood was taken from a patient. Herbal remedies e.g., garlic, tarragon. Dissection of humans was not allowed, so Galen dissected different animals.
