Communication and


In-group Working Skills

 WORKING For efficiency, please! Check
meeeeee….

RULES • BE
ACTIVE

• AVOID
DISTRACTION
• Silent phone
• PREPARE • No personal
YOURSELF chats
• No social media
These things will
• BE ON TIME… improve your
scores! 2 2

CLASS RULES

1. Attendance check 10’ after class starts

2. Submit assignments on time
3. Respect (self and others)
4. No personal activities
5. Right attitude

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COURSE SYLLABUS
SYLLABUS

COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course will cover both working in groups and
communication skills - both classic and current
theories of group communication & team work that
focus on "how groups work" and include practical
information on group communication strategies and
skills that emphasize "how to work in groups".

SYLLABUS

ASSESSMENTS (MARKS)

- 01 Participation: 10%
- 02 Group Assignments: 20%
- 03 Activities: 15%
- 01 Quiz: 05% Conditions to pass:
- 01 Group Project: 30% - Final exam >= 4
- 01 Final exam: 20% - Grade Average >= 5/10

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ACTIVITY

FORMING GROUPS

• 5-6 members/a group

• Introduce and get to know each other.

Note: This group will be the group that will work with you
on a project to practice the skill throughout the course.
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 Let’s start with the first session

I GROUP AND TEAM OVERVIEW

Defining Teams and Groups

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Defining Teams and Groups

2. Define “cooperation”
3. Distinguish between different social value
orientations
4. Influences on cooperation
5. Explain methods psychologists use to
research cooperation

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1 Defining teams and groups

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1. Defining teams and groups

Groupppp……….….!
What is a group?

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1. Defining Teams and Groups

Formal groups are used to:

- Organize and distribute work
- Pool information
- Devise plans
- Coordinate activities
- Increase commitment
- Negotiate
- Resolve conflicts and conduct inquests
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1. Defining teams and groups

Formal groups are used to: Informal groups are used to:
- organize and distribute work - Satisfy needs of affiliation
- pool information
- Act as a forum for exploring
- devise plans self-concept as a means of
- coordinate activities gaining support
- increase commitment - Have an important effect on
- negotiate formal work tasks:
- resolve conflicts and conduct inquests.
For example by exerting subtle pressures
on group members to conform to a
particular work rate, or as ‘places’ where
news, gossip, etc., is exchanged.
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1. Defining teams and groups

Teammmm…..….!
What is a team?

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What is a team?

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ACTIVITY 1

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 A team: as a particularly cohesive and purposeful type of
“ work group

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 TEAM
CHARACTERISTICS
• A Definable Membership: a collection
of three or more people identifiable by
name or type;
• A Group Consciousness or Identity:
the members think of themselves as a
group;
• A Sense Of Shared Purpose: the
members share some common task or
goals or interests;

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 TEAM CHARACTERISTICS (cont.)

• Interdependence: the members need the

help of one another to accomplish the purpose
for which they joined the group;
• Interaction: the members communicate with
one another, influence one another, react to
one another;
• Sustainability: the team members
periodically review the team’s effectiveness;
• An ability to act together.

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ACTIVITY 2

Let choose the most

characteristics with your team
and explain to us why.

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 People are more willing to support and defend
“ work they helped create.

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ACTIVITY 3

Now, let’s discuss about risks

associated with working in
teams.

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 When to work alone, in
groups or in teams?

When to work alone or in groups…

• For simple tasks or problems
• When cooperation is sufficient
• When minimum discretion is required
• When fast decisions are needed
• When few competences are required
• When members’ interests are different or in conflict
• When an organization credits individuals for operational outputs
• When innovative responses are sought
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 When to work alone, in
groups or in teams?
When to build teams…
• For highly-complex tasks or problems
• When decisions by consensus are essential
• When there is a high level of choice and uncertainty
• When high commitment is needed
• When a broad range of competences and different skills are required
• When members’ objectives can be brought together towards a common
purpose
• When an organization rewards team results for strategy and vision building
• When balanced views are sought
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hierarchical structure
Staff
Vestibulum
performing
similar
congue
tasks
Elements of a Vestibulum
congue

Vestibulum Vestibulum
Junior
Senior
congue congue
managers
managers Elements
of a
hierarchical
structure

Vestibulum Groups
Vestibulum
of junior
congue
Departmental managers
congue
heads

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TRADITIONAL HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE OF
ORGANIZATIONS
• Staff performing similar tasks - grouped together reporting to a
single supervisor;

• Junior managers – responsible for several supervisors and their

groups;

• Groups of junior managers – reporting to departmental heads;

• Departmental heads – reporting to senior managers, who are
responsible for wide-ranging functions such as manufacturing,
finance, human resources and marketing;

• Senior managers – reporting to the managing director, who may

then report to the Board.
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TRADITIONAL HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE OF
ORGANIZATIONS
Department heads Senior managers
1 Report to the managing
director, who may then report
Report to senior managers, who are
to the Board.
responsible for wide-ranging
functions such as manufacturing, 2
finance, human resources and
marketing
Group of junior
3
managers
Junior managers Report to departmental heads

4
Be responsible for a
number of supervisors Staff performing
and their groups
5 similar tasks
grouped together, reporting
to a single supervisor

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 TRADITIONAL HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE OF ORGANIZATIONS

Senior managers Managing

Director
(wide-ranging functions)

Head of Head of
Department/Unit Leads Manufacturing Engineering

Manager:
Widget
Junior Managers Production

Manager: Manager:
Supervisors Assembly Packing

Staff performing Day Shift Night Shift Shift Shift

Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor
similar tasks

Line operator
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Team Size – Group Size

Group:
10 ! 20
Team:
people
5! 7
people
Functional lines: people working together
carry out the same or similar functions.

A functional team: a team in which work is

carried out within such a functionally organized
group.

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The functional team

The project (single) team

• The project, or single, team consists of a group

of people who come together as a distinct
organizational unit in order to work on a project
or projects.
• The team is often led by a project manager,
though self-managing and self-organizing
arrangements are also found.
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The functional team

The Matrix team

• In a matrix team, staff report to different managers for different
aspects of their work. Matrix structures are often, but not
exclusively, found in projects.

• Matrix
structures are
more common
in large and
multinational
organizations.
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The matrix team

For a matrix team, it is

important to overcome the
problems staff might have
with the dual reporting lines
(the ‘two-boss’ problem).

This requires building good

interpersonal relationships
with the team members and
regular, effective
communication.
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The functional team

The Contract team

• Is brought in from outside in order to do the

project work.
• The client will judge the success of the project.
• A variant of this is the so-called “outsourced
supply team”: the team is physically situated
remotely from the project manager.

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The functional team

Mixed-structure Team

• Some members may be employed to work full time

• Others may work part time
• Some may be part of a matrix arrangement
• Some others may be part of a functional hierarchy

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ACTIVITY 4 - DISCUSION

• Which team model is the best for a large and complex

problem?

• Which team model is normal for a straightforward task?

• What are some of the relative benefits and drawbacks to

some of these team configurations?

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The Modern Teams

03 other important types of team:

• “Self-managed teams”
• "Self-organizing teams”
• "Dispersed Virtual teams”.

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Comparing Self-managed and Self-Organizing Teams

Self-managed team Self-organizing team

Usually part of the formal reporting Usually outside the formal reporting
structure structure
Members usually selected by
Members usually self-selected volunteers
management
Informal style of working Informal style of working
Indirectly controlled by senior Senior management influences only the
management team's boundaries
Usually a permanent leader, but may Leadership variable – perhaps one,
change perhaps changing, perhaps shared
Empowered by senior management Empowered by the team members and a
supportive culture and environment
Why do (only some) teams succeed?

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Systems map showing components influencing team effectiveness

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Q&A

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