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Characteristics of Static Relay

This document describes procedures to test the operation and characteristics of a microprocessor-based under voltage/over voltage relay. The relay protects low, medium, and high voltage distribution systems from over and under voltage conditions. Tests are conducted by applying different voltages and recording the relay's response time. Voltages are calculated using equations based on potential transformer rating and switch settings. Test results are recorded in tables showing the voltage setting, time multiplier setting, applied voltage, and operating time for under and over voltage conditions. Graphs of response time versus voltage are plotted to analyze the relay's inverse time characteristics.

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Nandini Jayakumar
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155 views7 pages

Characteristics of Static Relay

This document describes procedures to test the operation and characteristics of a microprocessor-based under voltage/over voltage relay. The relay protects low, medium, and high voltage distribution systems from over and under voltage conditions. Tests are conducted by applying different voltages and recording the relay's response time. Voltages are calculated using equations based on potential transformer rating and switch settings. Test results are recorded in tables showing the voltage setting, time multiplier setting, applied voltage, and operating time for under and over voltage conditions. Graphs of response time versus voltage are plotted to analyze the relay's inverse time characteristics.

Uploaded by

Nandini Jayakumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

CHARACTERISTICS OF STATIC RELAY

UNDER VOLTAGE/OVER VOLTAGE


Aim: To study the operation of Microprocessor Based type under voltage and over voltage
relay and hence to obtain its inverse time/voltage characteristics.

Apparatus required:

Sl.No Apparatus Type Quantity


01 UV/OV Relay µP based 01No
02 Voltage Source 01No
Unit
(230/110-220V)
03 Connecting As
Wires Required
04 Voltmeter Digital 01No
(0-200V AC)

Theory: Over Voltage/Under Voltage Relay is an electronic microcontroller based single-phase


voltage relay. It is suitable for over voltage/under voltage protection schemes in LV, MV and
HV power distribution systems. It is also suitable for over voltage protection of AC circuits,
capacitors, machines such as generators, synchronous motor and under voltage protection of
AC circuits, Induction motors, automatic change over schemes etc.
The microcontroller-based design offers a wide range of Trip-Time characteristics, under
voltage or over voltage mode and PT rating (110V, 240V, 415V), which can all be selected in
the field at the time of commissioning. It accepts very wide auxiliary supply range.Relay is
designed for flush mounting. It is very compact in size, which results in saving of panel space.
Its draw-out construction makes installation and maintenance very easy.

Page | 1
Details of L&T Under voltage/Over voltage relay:

Fig 1: Under/Over Voltage Relay

Technical Specifications of the relay are:

1.0 Rated Voltage(Vn) 110V


2.0 Rated Frequency 50Hz
3.0 Auxiliary PowerSupply 230VAC
4.0 Relay Settings:
Pick up voltage(Vs)
Over VoltageMode 105% to 180% of Vnin steps of 5% Under
Voltagemode 95% to 20% of Vn in steps of 5%
Time MultiplierTMS 0.1 to 1.6 in steps of0.1

5.0 OperatingCharacteristics
Time /Current characteristics Normal Inverse 3.5 sec in O/Vmode
Normal Inverse 5.7 sec in U/Vmode Definite
time 1, 10, 100sec
Pick upvoltage Same as set voltageVs
ResetVoltage (90% to 95% )of set voltage Vs for
Overvoltage
(105% to 110%) of set voltage Vs for Undervoltage

Page | 2
Circuit Diagram:

Calculations:
The following are the calculations for voltage and TMS settings:

Voltage setting on the secondary side of the transformer:

The calculated voltage Vs is given by equation


V s =[1±(0 .05+Σa )]V n (1)
+ is for over voltage
-is for under voltage

a= weight of switches {0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4} in ON position


Vnis P.T. rating i.e. 110V.

T.M.S:

Trip time T =K (0.1+Σt ) (2)

t = weight of switches {0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8} in ON position

K = 3.5 for over voltage


5.7 for under voltage

PROCEDURE FOR UNDER VOLTAGE AND OVER VOLTAGE TESTING:


Page | 3
UNDER VOLTAGE TESTING:

1. Connect circuit as per the circuit diagram. Switch ON MCB.


2. Calculate Vsfrom equations (1) and (2) for different values of ‘a’ and ‘t’ and tabulate
the values in table 1 and table 2.

Table 1
a Vs
0.05 99V
0.1 94V
0.2 83V
0.4 61V

Table 2 (value of K=5.7)


t T
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.8

3. Ensure that theswitch S1 in the circuit diagram is in‘Under Voltage condition’, variac
is in zero positionand the switch‘TEST’ is OFFposition.
4. Now apply a voltage from variac which is less than the calculated setting voltage V s
for a=0.05 in order to test the operating condition of relay. Observe the relay
indication and tripping. The setup will be in OFF condition.
5. Switch ON the ‘TEST’ mode, reset the timer
6. Switch ON the green button and note down the time in timer circuit for the applied
under voltage Vs after tripping.
7. Repeat steps from 3 to 6 for three under voltage values.

OVER VOLTAGE TESTING:

Page | 4
1. Connect circuit as per the connection diagram. For over voltage condition, connect
the relay to the terminals S3 and S4which are present on the secondary side of the
transformer. Switch ON MCB.
2. Calculate Vsfrom equations (1) and (2) for different values of ‘a’ and ‘t’ and tabulate
the values in table 3 and table 5.

Table 3
a Vs
0.05 121V
0.1 126V
0.2 138V
0.4 140V

Table 2 (value of K=3.5)


t T
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.8

3. Ensure that the switch S1 in the circuit diagram is in ‘Over Voltage condition’, variac is
in zero positon and the switch ‘TEST’ is OFF position.
4. Now apply a voltage from variac which is greater than the calculated setting voltage
Vs for a=0.05 in order to test the operating condition of relay. Observe the relay
indication and tripping. The setup will be in OFF condition.
5. Switch ON the ‘TEST’ mode, reset the timer
6. Switch ON the green button and note down the time in timer circuit for the applied
under voltage Vs after tripping.
7. Repeat steps from 3 to 6 for three over voltage values.

Tabular Columns:

Page | 5
UNDER VOLTAGE TESTING: Sample Readings.

Vs = 99V Weight (a) =0.05


S.No T.M.S Voltage Applied Operating
Setting Voltage time
1. 0.1 99 V 95 Volts 21.5 Sec
92.5 7.3
90.7 4
85 3.2

OVER VOLTAGE TESTING: Sample Readings.

Vs = 121 V Weight (a) = 0.05


S.No T.M.S Voltage Applied Operating
Setting Voltage time
1. 0.1 121 V 124 Volts 20.6 Sec
126 14.7
131 8.3
136 6.2
175 2.7

Time(s)
Model Graph

110 V
Under voltage
RESULT: Over voltage

Page | 6
Thus the operation of Microprocessor Based type under voltage and
overvoltage relay was studied and its inverse time/voltage characteristics was
obtained.

Page | 7

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