Principles of Medical Technology Practice 1

Chapter 1
History of Medical Technology  Father of Medicine
 Author of the Hippocratic
 In early years treating a disease is
Oath
considered mystery.
 Believed that disease is caused by a negative 4 HUMORS:
interaction between the environment and the
 Blood
body.
 Phlegm
 Significant personalities were also
 Black Bile
recognized for having a significant
 Yellow Bile
contribution in the field of medicine.
 Early documented works were identified to EXAMINATIONS ADVOCATED:
contribute to the advancement of medicine
 Tasting of Urine
and medical technology due to high
 Listening to the Lungs
mortality incidence caused by plagues and
 Observing outward appearances in the
diseases.
diagnosis of the disease
11th century
INDICATION OF CHRONIC ILLNESS AND
 not allowed to conduct physical exam. KIDNEY DISEASE:

18th century  Blood in urine

 Pus in urine
 mechanical techniques and cadaver  Bubbles in urine
dissection were used to understand the
insides of the body. GALEN
19th century
 machines for diagnosis and therapeutic.  He described diabetes as “ diarrhea of
Devices were discovered such as: urine”
 Established the relationship between fluid
John Hutchinson’s Spirometer intake and urine volume.
 Spirometry, derived from the Latin  Uroscopy or water casting was widely
words SPIRO (to breathe) and METER practiced.
(to measure), is a medical test which  By 900 AD, the first book detailing the
provides diagnostic information to assess characteristics of urine was written.
a patient’s lung function.
Jules Herisson’s Sphygmomanometer
 “The sphygmomanometer, an instrument
which renders the action of the arteries
apparent to the eye“
Stethoscope – Rene Laennec – 1816

HIPPOCRATES
 Principles of Medical Technology Practice 1
 First diagnostic medical breakthrough Cardiac Catheterization and Angiography-1941
invented.
 First Operated by Forsmann in 1929
 Used to acquire information about the lungs
 Developed by Reboul, Rousthoi, amd Moniz
and heartbeats.
 Discovered as safe method in humans by
Microscope – Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek – 1840 Cournand in 1941.
 Made seeing the heart, lung vessels, and
 Developed for medical purposes due to
valves possible by inserting a cannula in an
advances in lenses and lower costs.
arm vein and into the heart with an injection
Ophthalmoscope – Hermann Von Helmholz – of radiopaque dye for X-ray Visualization.
1850
Electron Microscope
 First Visual technology invented.
 visualization of small including tumor
Laryngoscope – Manuel Garcia – 1855 cells.

 Used to observe the throat and the larynx. Tomography

X-ray – William Roentgen – 1859  radiologic technique for obtaining clear

X-ray images of deep internal structures 
 Discovered by accident that radiation could
penetrate solid objects of low density MRI
 Allowed the physicians to view the inside of
 medical imaging technique that uses a
the body without surgery.
magnetic field and computer-generated
Electrocardiograph – William Einthoven – 1903 radio waves to create detailed images of
the organs and tissues.
 Measure electrical changes during the
beating of the heart. HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN
THE UNITED STATES
Kenny Method – Elizabeth Kenny – 1910
 In 1895, William Pepper Laboratory
 Served as the pioneering work for modern was opened to highlight the service role
physical therapy of clinical laboratories.
 Treatment of polio (infantile paralysis) using  In 1918, John Kolmer called for the
hot packs and muscle manipulation development of method that would
 Prompted the invention of a new stretcher certify medical technologists on national
(Sylvia Stretcher in 1927) intended for scale.
transporting patients in shock  He published “The demand for and
Drinker Respirator – Philip Drinker – 1927 training of laboratory technicians”
that included a description about of the
 Help patients with paralytic anterior first formal training course in Medical
poliomyelitis recover normal respiration Technology. Enacted the law that all
with the assistance of the artificial respirator. institutions should have a fully equipped
laboratory.
 In 1920, Administrative units of
Heart-lung Machine – Hermann Von Helmholz – clinical laboratories were directed by
1939 a chief physician.
 First visual technology invented
 Principles of Medical Technology Practice 1
5 DIVISIONS OF CLINICAL health care services throughout the
LABORATORY: country.
 In 1883, Board of Health and
 Clinical pathology
charity was established.
 Bacteriology
 1886 - Boletin de Medicina de
 Microbiology
Manila
 Serology
 In 1887, Laboratorio Municipal de
 Radiology
Manila was established.
 1893 - Revista Farmaceutica de
 In 1922, the American Society for
Filipina
Clinical Pathology was founded
 1895 - Cronicas de Ciencias
with the objective of encouraging
Medicas
the cooperation between physicians
 In 1898, Spanish Military hospital
and clinical pathologist.
was converted to the first Reserve
Hospital by Lt. Col. Henry
 ASCP also established code of
Lipincott.
ethics for technicians and
 In 1901, Bureau of Government
technologies stating that these allied
Laboratories was established by
health professionals should work
US government through the
under the supervision of a physician.
Philippine Commission. It was
located in Calle Herran (Pedro Gil),
 Professional recognition of medical
Ermita, Manila. Presently, the
technologists from the government
National Institutes of Health of
of U.S in 1950.
University of the Philippines-
Manila occupies the area.
HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN  In 1905, Bureau of Science was
THE PHILIPPINES established for medical officers who
sought career in research.
 In 1565, Spaniards established the
 In 1909, Medical research and
first hospital, Hospital Real in
studies were done in 7000 fecal
Cebu.
samples, 900 urine samples, 700
 In 1578, San Lazaro Hospital was
blood samples.
built by Franciscans.
 In 1942, 3D Medical laboratory
 In 1596, Hospital de San Juan de
was the first laboratory unit to be
Dios was founded.
assigned in the SWPA.
 In 1641, Hospital de San Jose was
founded in Cavite.
 In 1611, University of Sto. Tomas The first clinical laboratory in the Philippines was
was founded by Dominicans. established during WW2 by the 6th Infantry
 In 1871, Established the first Division of the US army at 208 Quiricada Street
faculties of pharmacy and in STA. Cruz Manila. It is now known as the
medicine. Manila Public Health Laboratory.
 In 1876, Provincial medical
officers were appointed to provide
 Principles of Medical Technology Practice 1
The laboratory was endorsed to the National Mrs. Antoinette Mc Kelvey, a trainee of Dr.
Department of Health. It was re-opened by Dr. Pio Papanicoloau, joined Mrs. Hedrick in putting up
de Roda and Dr. Mariano Icasiano. the first complete laboratory in the Philippines at
the Manila Sanitarium and Hospital.
After instituting the public health laboratory in
Manila, Dr. Pio De Roda and Dr. Prudencia Sta. RA 8981 – PRC Modernization Act
Ana, conducted a training program for aspiring
 Signed by Joseph Estrada
laboratory workers. Later on, Dr. Sta Ana was asked
to prepare a 6-month formal syllabus for the  December 05, 2000
training program with a certificate for the trainees
upon completion.
Dr, Tirso Briones joined the two later on.
In 1954, Bureaue of Private Education approved a
four-year course in BSMT.
Manila Sanitarium and Hospital opened the first
school for Medical Technology in the Philippines
inder the leadership of Mrs. Willa Hedrick, wife of
Dr. Elvin Hedrick.
In 1954, Philippine Union College in Baesa,
Caloocan City absorbed MSH’s School of Medical
Technology (Now, Adventist University of the
Philippines)
Dr. Jesse Umali was the first graduate of the
medical technology program.
In 1955, 2 more Medical Technologists graduated –
Mr. Avelino Oliva and Miss Adoracion Yutuc.
In 1957, The second Medical Technology school
opened which is the UST.
In 1963, PAMET was organized.
Mrs. Willa Hilgert-Hedrick is acknowledged as
the Founder of Medical Technology Education in
the Philippines.