Matplotlib

Introduction
➢ Matplotlib is a plotting library for the Python
programming language and its extension NumPy.

➢ import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

OR

➢ from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

 Line Chart
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

x = np.arange(0, 10)
y=x+1

plt.title("Matplotlib demo")
plt.xlabel("x axis caption")
plt.ylabel("y axis caption")

plt.plot(x, y, linestyle='-‘, color=‘b’)

plt.show()
 Color
Character Color
'b' Blue
'g' Green
'r' Red
'c' Cyan
'm' Magenta
'y' Yellow
'k' Black
'w' White
 Plot’s linestyle
linestyle description

'-' or 'solid' solid line

'--' or 'dashed' dashed line

'-.' or 'dashdot' dash-dotted line

':' or 'dotted' dotted line

'None' draw nothing

'' draw nothing

'' draw nothing

 Line Chart with marker
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

x = np.arange(0, 10)
y=x+1

plt.title("Matplotlib demo")
plt.xlabel("x axis caption")
plt.ylabel("y axis caption")

plt.plot(x, y, linestyle='-‘, color=‘b’, marker=‘o’)

plt.show()

Note: In the above code, making linestyle=‘ ‘, we will have

scatter plot.
 Plot’s Marker
Sr. No. Character & Description Sr. No. Character & Description
1 '.‘ Point marker 14 '*‘ Star marker
2 ',‘ Pixel marker 15 'h‘ Hexagon1 marker
3 'o‘ Circle marker 16 'H‘ Hexagon2 marker
4 'v‘ Triangle_down marker 17 '+‘ Plus marker
5 '^‘ Triangle_up marker 18 'x‘ X marker
6 '<‘ Triangle_left marker 19 'D‘ Diamond marker
7 '>‘ Triangle_right marker 20 'd‘ Thin_diamond marker
8 '1‘ Tri_down marker 21 '|‘ Vline marker
9 '2‘ Tri_up marker 22 '_‘ Hline marker
10 '3‘ Tri_left marker
11 '4‘ Tri_right marker
12 's‘ Square marker
13 'p‘ Pentagon marker
 Sine Wave
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

# Compute the x and y coordinates

# for points on a sine curve
x = np.arange(0, 3 * np.pi, 0.1)
y = np.sin(x)

plt.title("sine wave form")

plt.xlabel("x axis caption")
plt.ylabel("y axis caption")

plt.plot(x,y)
plt.show()
 Subplot
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.arange(0, 3 * np.pi, 0.1)

y_sin = np.sin(x)
y_cos = np.cos(x)

plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)

# Make the first plot

plt.plot(x, y_sin)
plt.title('Sine')

# Set the second subplot as active, and # make the second plot.
plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)
plt.plot(x, y_cos)
plt.title('Cosine')

# Show the figure.

plt.show()
 Subplot with suptitle
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(0, 3 * np.pi, 0.1)
y_sin = np.sin(x)
y_cos = np.cos(x)
plt.subplot(2, 2, 1)
plt.plot(x, y_sin)
plt.title('Sine')
plt.subplot(2, 2, 2)
plt.plot(x, y_cos)
plt.title('Cosine')
plt.subplot(2, 2, 3)
plt.plot(x, y_cos)
plt.title('Cosine')
plt.subplot(2, 2, 4)
plt.plot(x, y_sin)
plt.title('Sine')
plt.suptitle('Sine and Cosine')
plt.show()
 Subplot with hspace
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(0, 3 * np.pi, 0.1)
y_sin = np.sin(x)
y_cos = np.cos(x)
plt.subplot(2, 2, 1)
plt.plot(x, y_sin)
plt.title('Sine')
plt.subplot(2, 2, 2)
plt.plot(x, y_cos)
plt.title('Cosine')
plt.subplot(2, 2, 3)
plt.plot(x, y_cos)
plt.title('Cosine')
plt.subplot(2, 2, 4)
plt.plot(x, y_sin)
plt.title('Sine')
plt.subplots_adjust(hspace=0.5) #wspace
plt.suptitle('Sine and Cosine')
plt.show()
 Legend
x = np.arange(1,11)
y1 = x + 1
y2 = x + 5

plt.title("Matplotlib demo")
plt.xlabel("x axis caption")
plt.ylabel("y axis caption")

plt.plot(x,y1,label="student 1")
plt.plot(x,y2,label="student 2")

plt.legend(loc=2)

plt.show()
 Legend-loc
Location String Location Code
‘best’ 0
‘upper right’ 1
‘upper left’ 2
‘lower left’ 3
‘lower right’ 4
‘right’ 5
‘center left’ 6
‘center right’ 7
‘lower center’ 8
‘upper center’ 9
‘center’ 10
 Ticks
x = np.arange(1,11)
y1 = x + 1
y2 = x + 5

plt.title("Matplotlib demo")
plt.xlabel("x axis caption")
plt.ylabel("y axis caption")

plt.plot(x,y1,label="student 1")
plt.plot(x,y2,label="student 2")

plt.legend(loc=2)

plt.xticks(np.arange(11))
plt.yticks(np.arange(16))

plt.show()
 Ticks – User Defined
x = np.arange(1,11)
y1 = x + 1
y2 = x + 5

plt.title("Matplotlib demo")
plt.xlabel("x axis caption")
plt.ylabel("y axis caption")

plt.plot(x,y1,label="student 1")
plt.plot(x,y2,label="student 2")

plt.legend(loc=2)

plt.xticks(np.arange(1,11),['a','b','c','d'
,'e','f','g','h','i','j'], rotation=45)

plt.yticks(np.arange(16))

plt.show()
 Scatter Plot with Plot
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

x = np.arange(0,11)
y=x+1

plt.title("Matplotlib demo")
plt.xlabel("x axis caption")
plt.ylabel("y axis caption")

plt.plot(x, y, marker='o‘, color='b', linestyle='')

plt.show()
 Scatter Plot with plt.scatter
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

x = np.arange(0,11)
y=x+1

plt.title("Matplotlib demo")
plt.xlabel("x axis caption")
plt.ylabel("y axis caption")

plt.scatter(x, y, marker='o', color='b')

plt.show()
 Scatter Plot with plt.scatter
x = np.arange(1,11)
y1 = x + 1
y2 = x + 5

plt.title("Matplotlib demo")
plt.xlabel("x axis caption")
plt.ylabel("y axis caption")

plt.scatter(x, y1, label="student 1")

plt.scatter(x, y2, label="student 2")

plt.legend(loc=2)

plt.xticks(np.arange(1, 11), ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j'], rotation=45)

plt.yticks(np.arange(16))

plt.show()
 Scatter Plot with plt.scatter
x = np.arange(1,11)
y1 = x + 1
y2 = x + 5

plt.title("Matplotlib demo")
plt.xlabel("x axis caption")
plt.ylabel("y axis caption")

plt.scatter(x, y1, label="student 1", marker='o', color='b')

plt.scatter(x, y2, label="student 2", marker='^', color='r')

plt.legend(loc=2)
plt.xticks(np.arange(1, 11), ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j'], rotation=45)
plt.yticks(np.arange(16))

plt.show()
Scatter Plot and Line Plot with Plot
x = np.arange(1,11)
y1 = x + 1
y2 = x + 5

plt.title("Matplotlib demo")
plt.xlabel("x axis caption")
plt.ylabel("y axis caption")

plt.plot(x, y1, label="student 1", marker='o', color='b', linestyle='')

plt.plot(x, y2, label="student 2", marker='^', color='r', linestyle='')
plt.plot(x, y1+2)
plt.legend(loc=2)

plt.xticks(np.arange(1,11),['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j'], rotation=45)

plt.yticks(np.arange(16))

plt.show()
 Bar Graph
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

x = [5, 8, 10]
y = [12, 16, 6]

x2 = [6, 9, 11]
y2 = [6, 15, 7]

plt.bar(x, y, color = 'b', align = 'center')

plt.bar(x2, y2, color = 'g', align = 'center')

plt.title('Bar graph')
plt.ylabel('Y axis')
plt.xlabel('X axis')

plt.show()
 Histogram
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

a = np.array([22,87,5,43,56,73,55,54,11,20,51,5,79,31,27])

plt.hist(a, bins = [0,20,40,60,80,100], color = 'b', edgecolor='k', linewidth = 0.5)

plt.title("histogram")

plt.show()
 OpenCV - Installing and Importing
pip install opencv-python

import cv2
 OpenCV - Reading an Image
img = cv2.imread(“Desert.jpg”)
 OpenCV - Showing an Image
cv2.imshow(“First Figure”,img)
 OpenCV – Writing an Image
cv2.imwrite(“Desert1.jpg”, img)
 OpenCV – Resizing an Image
img1=cv2.resize(img, (360, 512))

or

img1=cv2.resize(img, None, fx=0.5, fy=0.5)

#fx -> columns
 OpenCV
• Around 2500 efficient algorithms

• Face detection applications

• Object identification applications

• Anomaly detection from a video

• Content-based image retrieval

 Reading data from a CSV File
import pandas
import numpy as np

data=pandas.read_csv('temp.csv',header=None)
#default header argument is infer

data=data.as_matrix() # or data=data.values

print(data)
 Writing data to a CSV File
import numpy
import pandas as pd

a = numpy.array([ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9] ])

df = pd.DataFrame(a)
df.to_csv("file.csv", header=None, index=False)
 Disclaimer
➢ Content of this presentation is not original and it
has been prepared from various sources for
teaching purpose.