MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

FIJI YEAR 13 CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION 2019

MATHEMATICS

Detailed Solutions

COPYRIGHT: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FIJI, 2019.

 2.

STRAND 1 COMPLEX NUMBERS (13 marks)

9
1. Simplify 2(cos 70  i sin 70 ) . Give your answers in rectangular form.

29cos 70  9  i sin 70  9

 512 cos 630  i sin 630
 r  cos   i sin    r n  cos n  i sin n 
n

 512(0  i (1) )

 512i

(2 marks)

2  3i
2. Simplify
 3  2i

2  3i  2  3i   3  2i Multiply by the conjugate of the

 3  2i  3  2i  3  2i denominator.


2  3i (3  2i) Conjugate is found by changing
the sign of the coefficient of i
(3  2i )(3  2i )

2
  6  4i  9i  6i
a  ba  b  a 2 2 Expansion of numerator & denominator
b 2 2
(3)  (2i)
2
  6  13i  6i
2
9  4i
 6  13i  6  1 Simplifying using i 2  1

9  4  1

  13i
13
 i

(2 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS

 3.

3. State whether each statement given below is true or false.

2 4
(a) i i  0 True (½ mark)

2
i2  i2  i2  1   1  1 i  1
0

(b) 2 cis 20  3 cis 5  6 cis 100 False (½ mark)

2 cis 20  3 cis 5  (2  3) cis (20  5)

 6cis 25

(c) If Arg (z)  0 then Arg ( z ) 180 False

If Arg (z)  0 then z is real and positive so z z (½ mark)

(d) Region represented by z  3 is inside the circle having (½ mark)

False
centre (0, 0) and radius 3 units.

Region represented by z  3 is on or inside the circle having

centre (0, 0) and radius 3 units.

4. Find the values x and y such that x  yi  4  9   16

x  yi  2  3i  4i

x  yi  2  i

x= 2 , y=1

(2 marks)

5. Sketch the region Re( z)  2 on the Argand diagram given below.

Im(z)

Re(z)
2

(1 mark)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS

 4.

6.
2
Solve the equation z  32  32 3 i . Leave your answers in polar form.

Using calculator

Pol(  32, 32 3 )  64

RCL tan =120 Express z 2 in polar form

2
z  64 (cos 120  i sin 120)

Method 1 Method 2

 
1
1
   360o k    360o k 
First root is Z0 = 64 cis 120
2
 r cos   i sin 
n

  n   n  2

1 = 8 cis 60
= 642 [Cos 120  360k + i Sin 120  360k ]
2 2
360 180
= 8cis 120  360k
2 2

For k = 0 60 + 180 = 240

Z0 = 8cis 
120  360  0 
 2 
The other root is 8 cis 240

= 8cis 60

For k = 1

Z1 = 8cis 
120  360  1
 2 

=8 cis 240
(4 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS

 5.
STRAND 2 VECTORS (8 marks)

1. Let ~ b = 3 j  6k . Find ~a  ~
a = 4i  2 j  4k and ~ b

( 4i  2 j  4k )  ( 3 j  6k )

4i  2 j  4k  3 j  6k

a  ~
~ b = 4i  5 j  2k
(1 mark)

2. v = 2i  j  2k
Find the unit vector that has the same direction as ~

unit vector  v
v

2i  j  2k

2   1  (2)
2 2 2

2i  j  2k

9
2i  j  2k  unit vector = 2 i  1 j  2 k
 3 3 3
3

(2 marks)

3. Find parametric equations of the line passing through the points (3, 4, −1) and (9, 0, 7)

P1 P2

9  3   6 
     
vector :  0    4     4 
 7    1  8 
      Point on the line Vector parallel to the line

 x  3   6 
     
Vector equation  y    4   t   4
 z   1  8 
     
parametric equations
x = 3 + 6t
y = 4  4t
z =  1 + 8t
(2 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS Turn Over

 6.
a  b 
 1  1 
4. The dot product of a  a and b   b
   is defined as a . b  a b  a b  a b
~  2 ~  2  ~ ~ 11 2 2 3 3
a  b 
 3  3 

 4  4 
   
Let a   k  and b   1  . Find the value of k if a and b are orthogonal.
~   ~  ~ ~
7   2 
   

4  4  k 1  2  7  0

16  k  14  0

k = 2
(1 mark)

5. If P is any point on a line segment AB which divides it in the ratio m : n , then P  mB  nA

mn
A m P n B

Let point A = (  3, 4, 7) and point B = (5, 20,  9). Determine the coordinates of point P on
the line AB given that AB = 4AP (2 marks)

AB  4 1 3
AP 1 A m P n B
AB  4 units
AP  1 unit  m  1 4
 PB  3 units
 n3
 5    3
   
1 20   3  4 
  9  7 
P    
1 3

 5    9
   
 20    12 
  9   21 
P    
4

  4   1
P 1  32   P   
4   8
3
 12   

P = ( 1 , 8 , 3)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS

 7.

STRAND 3 FUNCTIONS (13 marks)

1. Sketch the graph of the polynomial shown below. Clearly show the y-intercept, x-intercepts,
turning points and the inflection point on the x-axis.

y   1 ( x  1)3( x  1)2( x  4)
4

x- intercepts =  1 , 1 and 4

y-intercept =  1

For a factor  x  a  n , if n is odd (except n = 1)

then there is an inflection at x = a and if n is
even there is a turning point at x = a.

Turning point at (  1, 0) or x =  1

Inflection at (1, 0) or x = 1

x
-1 0 1 4

-1

(3½ marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS

 8.

2
2. Consider the rational function f ( x)  x  x
 2x  2

(a) Find the x and y intercepts.

x-int  let y = 0
y-int  let x = 0: f ( x)  02  0
 20  2
x2  x  0 or x( x  1)  0

x-int.= 0 and  1 y-int.= 0

(1 mark) (½ mark)

(b) Find the equation of the vertical asymptote.

Vertical Asymptote: let denominator = 0

 2x  2  0
 2 x  2
x 1

equation: x=1

(½ mark)

(c) Determine the equation of the oblique asymptote.

long division

y  1 x 1
2

(2 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS

 9.

(d) Hence, sketch the graph of the function f (x).

y

-2 -1 0 1

-1

(3½ marks)

3. Let f ( x)  7  x2 and g ( x)  x 1

(a) Find an expression for f o g (x). Simplify your answer.

f o g ( x)  f ( g ( x))

 7   x  1
2

 7  ( x  1)

f o g ( x)  8  x
(1 mark)

(b) What is the range of f o g (x) ?

The domain of f o g (x) is x  1 [which is the domain of g(x)]. Substitute x = 1

(which is the smallest element in the domain) into the expression for fog(x)
fog(x) = 8  x
= 8 1
=7.
For any number bigger than 1, f o g (x) will be less than 7
So the range is y  7

(1 mark)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS

 10.
STRAND 4 TRIGONOMETRY (11 marks)

1. Let cos θ  sin θ = R cos(θ  α)

(a) Find the exact value of R.

2 2
r= 1  ( 1 )

R= 2
(1 mark)

(b) Determine the value of α using cos (A  B)  cos A cos B  sin A sin B

cos θ  sin θ = 2 cos( θ  α )

cos θ  sin θ = 2 [ cos .Cos + sin .sin ]

cos θ  sin θ = 2 cos .Cos + 2 sin .sin

cos = 2 cos .Cos - sin = 2 sin .sin

1= 2 Cos -1 = 2 sin

1 1
cos  sin 
2 2

As cos is positive and sin  is negative, the angle lies in the 4th quadrant

Anticlockwise
45 Clockwise

  360  45
 315or  45

α = 315 or  45
(2 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS

 11.

2. Prove the following identity using an appropriate right-angled triangle.

sin 1 x  cos1x  1 π
2

1
let θ1  sin x  sin θ1  x
opp
x
1 hyp

adj
let θ2  cos 1 x  cos θ2  x 
1 hyp

θ 1 and θ 2 form 2 angles in a right-angled triangle

θ2
1 x

θ1


From the triangle θ 1  θ 2 
2

θ1  sin 1 x and θ2  cos 1 x

 sin 1 x  cos 1 x  π
2
(2½ marks)

3. Part of the graph of y  a sin bx  k is shown below. Find the values of a, b and k.
 a = 2 (½ mark)
y
Amplitude is 2. It is an upside
down sine graph.
4

 period  360  800  360

2 b b
b  360
800
x  0.45 or 9
0 400 800 20
(1 mark)

 k=2 (½ mark)
The graph is shifted 2 units upwards

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS

 12.

2
 b  b  4ac
4. Solve 1  2sinθ   3 for 0  θ  360 [You may use x  ]
sin θ 2a

1  sin θ  2sinθ  sin θ   3  sin θ Multiply each term by sin θ

sin θ

2
1  2sin θ  3sin θ
2
2sin θ  3sin θ  1  0

Method 1 Method 2
(2sinθ 1)(sinθ 1)  0
2
 3  3  4  2 1
OR 2 2
3 1
4
 3  1 ,  3 1
4 4
 1 , 1
2

2sinθ  1  0 or sinθ  1  0
sinθ   1 sinθ  1
2

Sine is negative in the 3rd and 4th quadrant θ  270

sin  1   30
1

2

30 30

θ  210 ,270 ,330

θ  180  30 θ  360  30

 210  330
(3½ marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS

 13.

STRAND 5 LIMITS, CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY (7 marks)

x
1. Calculate the value of lim 3e  1
x 0

lim 3e x  1  3e0  1
x 0

limit = 4
(1 mark)

2. Using the sum to product formula cos C + cos D = 2cos (half sum) cos (half difference) or
the derivative d (cos x)   sin x , evaluate
dx

lim cosx
cos3x  cosx
xπ
2

Method 1 Method 2

L Hopitals Rule(Differentiate numerator and denominator separately)

lim cosx  lim cosx
cos3x  cosx 2cos2 xcosx lim cosx  lim  sinx
x π x π
2 2 x  π cos3x  cosx x  π  3sin3x  sinx
2 2

1  sin π
 lim y  f ( g ( x) )  2
2cos2 x
x π dy  3sin(3  )  sin π
π
2  f ' ( g ( x))  g ' ( x) 2 2
dx
 1
 1
 3  1  1
2cos(2  π )
2

half sum half difference

limit =  1
2
cos3x  cosx  2cos ( 3x  x ) cos ( 3x  x )
2 2 (2½ marks)

 2 cos ( 4 x ) cos ( 2 x )
2 2
 2 cos 2 x cos x

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS

 14.

3. Study the piece-wise function below and then answer the questions that follow.

f (x)

x
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5

(a) For what values of x is the function discontinuous?

Jump at x = 0 and hole at x = 2 x= 0 and 2

(1 mark)

(b) For what value of x is the function continuous but not differentiable?
Sharp corner
1

(½ mark)

(c) For what values of x is f ( x)  0

x > 2

(1 mark)

(d) Find lim f ( x)


x0

x approaches 0 from right

(1 mark)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS

 15.

STRAND 6 ALGEBRA (12 marks)

9n2  6
1. The sequence < a n > is defined by a n =
n

(a) Write down the first three terms of the sequence of partial sums associated with < a n >

T1 = 3 T2= 15 T3= 25

S1= 3= T1

S2= T1 + T2 S3= T1 + T2 + T3 0r S2 + T3
= 3 + 15 = 3 +15 + 25
= 18 = 43

First 3 terms = 3, 18, 43

(2 marks)
(b) Is the sequence < a n > convergent or divergent? Give a reason for your answer .

Divergent because of infinite limit (limit =  )

2
9n  6
lim  lim 18n L Hopitals Rule
n  n n  1
 18  


2
2 9n  6 9n  6
9n  6
OR lim  lim n n  lim n
n  n n  n n  1
n
 9  0


(2 marks)

5  x2
2. Writre as partial fractions using the alphabets A, B, C…… as constants.
2
( x  8)( x  9)

(Do not calculate the value of the constants.)

2
5x A B C
  
2 2
( x  8)( x  9) x8 x 9 ( x  9)

2
( x  9) introduces two terms

(2 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS

 16.

n
n  1 1  ( 4)
3. Prove by mathematical induction that 1  4  16  ...............  (4) 
5

Step 1: Prove that it is true for n = 1

1 1
LHS = (4) =1

1  ( 4)
1

RHS =
5
5
= =1
5
LHS = RHS
(½ mark)

Step 2: Assume that it is true for n = k

k
k  1 1  ( 4)
1  4  16  ...............  (4) 
5

(½ mark)
Step 3: Prove that it is true for n = k + 1

k 1  1 1  ( 4)k 1
1  4  16  ...............  (4) 
5
k
1  ( 4) k
LHS =  (4)
5

k k Factorise
1  ( 4) 5(4)
= 
5 5 k k k
 (4)  5(4)  (4)  1  5
k k k
1  ( 4)  5 (4)  (4) (4)
=
5

1  4 ( 4)k  4   (4)
=
5

1  ( 4) ( 4)k
=
5

1  ( 4)k 1
=
5
= RHS
(1½ marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS

 17.

Step 4: Conclusion

Hence the formula is valid for all positive intergers

(½ mark)

4. Find the first 3 terms, in descending powers of x, of the binomial expansion of

5
( 2x  1 )
x

Binomial Theorem

n  n  n 0  n  n 1 1  n  n  2 2  n n 3 3  n n  n n
( x  a)    x a    x a    x a    x a  .....    x a
0 1  2  3  n

5  5 5 0  5 4  5 3 2
( 2x  1 )   (2x) ( 1)   (2x) ( 1)   (2x) ( 1)  .......
1

x  0 x 1 x  2 x

5 3
3 terms : 32x ,  80x , 80x
(3 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS

 18.

STRAND 7 PROBABILITY AND INFERENTIAL STATISTICS (12 marks)

1. Let A and B be independent events with probabilites P (A) = 0.4 and P (B) = 0.5. Find

(a) P( A  )

P(A) + P(A’) = 1
P( A  ) = 1- 0.4

= 0.6

(1 mark)

(b) P(A  B) using the formula P( A  B )  P( A )  P( B )  P( A  B )

P(A  B)  P(A)  P(B)  P(A  B)

 0.4  0.5  0.4  0.5 P(A  B) = P(A)  P(B)
 0.9  0.2

P(A  B) = 0.7

(2 marks)

2. The probability that a flower seed germinates is 0.2. A gardener planted 3 seeds.
Using the formula or the table given below, find the probability that exactly 2 seeds
germinate. Give your answer to 3 decimal places.
p = 0.2

Binomial Formula Binomial Probability Individual Terms

 n  x n x
P (X  x)    p q
 x
n =3

x =2

P = 0.096

Using formula
 3
P   0.22  0.8
 2
= 0.096
(2 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS

 19.

3. The weights of fish in a certain river are normally distributed with a mean of 2 kg and a
standard deviation of 0.6 kg. It is known that 66.5% of fish weigh more than x kg.

xμ
Determine the value of x using the formula z  and the normal distribution table

given below.

Areas under Normal Probability Curve

The tabulated value is the probability that the standardized
normal variable Z lies between 0 and z.

e.g. P(0  z  0.48)  18.44%

66.5% = 0.665

0.665 – 0.5

0.165

Z=  0.426

The closest entry below 0.165 is 0.1628 which corresponds to z value of 0.42. This differs from 0.165
by 0.0022. In the difference column on the right is ‘22’ in the column headed ‘6’ so z = - 0.426

x  
Z 


 0.426  x  2
0.6

x   0.426  0.6  2

x = 1.74kg
(3 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS

 20.

4. A researcher claims that Fijian families use an average of 18 coconuts per month with standard
deviation of 3.

Test the null hypothesis that H0 :   18 against the alternative hypothesis that H a :   18
if a random sample of 100 Fijian families is found to consume an average of 20 coconuts per
month. Use 6 % level of significance and state your conclusion clearly.

z-value Part of inverse normal table is shown below

where probability value is between 0 and z.
x  μ
z 

n

  0.03 (3%) , 0.5 - 0.03 = 0.47

2

z = 1.8808
2

Critical region Reject H0 if z  1.8808 or z  1.8808

Rejection Region Rejection Region

Acceptance Region

-1.8808 1.8808

Z  20  18
3
100

 6.67

Since z value of 6.67 falls on the rejection region we therefore, reject the null hypothesis

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS

 21.

STRAND 8 DIFFERENTIATION (12 marks)

1. A particle travels along the x-axis such that s(t )  t 2  6t  9 where s(t) represents its
displacement in metres from the origin t seconds after observations began.

(a) What is the particle’s initial displacement?

2
s(0)  0  6  0  9 initial  time  0
 9m

(1 mark)

(b) Find the acceleration.

differentiate differentiate
displacement velocity acceleration

2
s (t )  t  6t  9
( x )  nx n  1
d n
dx
s   2t  6
To differentiate: multiply the coefficient by the
s   2 power and then reduce the power by one.

(1½ marks)

2. Determine the interval on which f ( x)   x3  6x2  2 is concave up.

If f ′ ′ (x) > 0 for all x of an interval, then the graph of f is concave upward on the interval.

2
f ( x)  3 x  12 x

( x )  nx n  1
d n
dx
f ( x)  6 x  12 To differentiate: multiply the coefficient by
the power and then reduce the power by one.

 6 x  12  0

 6 x  12

x2 Inequality sign is reversed when

multiplying or dividing by a negative.
(3 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS

 22.

3. Given
 ln x n = n ln x ,

  f.g '  f '.g f.g 

 d (cos x)   sin x and

dx

 d (ln x)  1 and
dx x

dy
use logarithmic differentiation to find in terms of x and y for the function
dx
cos 5x
y  (3x  1)

cos 5x Take ln of both sides

ln y  ln (3x  1)

lny  cos 5x ln( 3x  1) Using ln x n = n ln x

1 dy   sin 5x  5  ln( 3x  1 )  cos 5x  1  3 For y  ln f ( x)

y dx 3x  1 dy 1
  f ' ( x)
dx f ( x)

1 dy  5 sin 5x ln(3x  1)  3 cos 5x

y dx 3x  1
y  f ( g ( x) )
dy
 f ' ( g ( x))  g ' ( x)

 
dx
dy
  5 sin 5x ln(3x  1)  3 cos 5x  y
dx 3x  1

(3½ marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS

 23.

4. A closed rectangular storage container of width x metres, length 2x metres and height
y metres is to be constructed in such a way that its total surface area is 168.75 m2

x
2x

Determine the value of x which will give the largest possible volume of such
f ' g.f '  f.g '
a container. You may use  f.g  '  f '.g  f.g  and   
[ ]
g g2
2
S  2 (2 x )  2(2 xy )  2( xy )
2
S  4x  6 xy Total surface area

2
168.75  4 x  6 xy
2
V  2x y Volume of the box

2 2
6 xy  168.75  y  168.75  4 x
Make y the subject
4x 
6x

2 2
V  2x  168.75  4 x Substitute y into the expression
6x for Volume so that it is in terms
3 of x only.
168.75 x  4 x
V 
3
3
 4x
V  56.25 x 
3
2
V '  56.25  4 x
2 (3 marks)
0  56.25  4 x

x 56.25
4
 x  3.75

Turn Over

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS

 24.

STRAND 9 INTEGRATION (12 marks)

1. The shaded region in the diagram below is enclosed by the functions y  2x and y  x2 .

y  2x
y  x2

x
0 2

Calculate the area of the shaded region.

2
Area   (upper curve  lower curve)dx
0

2
  (2 x  x )dx
2

2
n 1
 2 x  x 
2 3
n
 x dx  n  1
x
 2 3 0

2
  x 2  x 
3

 3 0

 2  2   0
3
2

 3

 4 or 11
3 3
(2 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS

 25.

2. Given that
 2sinA cosB  sin (A  B)  sin (A  B) and


 sin x dx   cos x ,
find
 8 sin x cos 2x dx
We need to express the product 8 sin x cos 2 x as a sum using the identity
2sinA cosB  sin (A  B)  sin (A  B)
Divide each side by 2

sin (A  B)  sin (A  B)
sinA cosB 
2
sin( x  2 x)  sin ( x  2 x)
8 sin x cos 2 x  8 
2
 4sin 3x  sin(  x)

 8 sin x cos 2 x dx 
 4(sin 3x  sin ( x)) dx


 4 (sin 3 x  sin ( x)) dx Short cut: integrate the
outer function (evaluated at
inner) divide by the
derivative of inner linear
function
  cos(3 x)  cos( x) 
 4     C
 3 1 

  cos(3 x) 
4   cos( x)   C
 3 

(3 marks)

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS
 26.

2
3. Determine
 x
x 1
dx

Using the method of u-substitution with

u x  1
du  1
dx
du  dx

2 u  12
Hence  x
x 1
dx 
 u
du

2

 u  2u  1 du
u
u
2 2
 u1
u
2 u2

 u
u
 2u  1
u u
du
2 1
u 2
3 1 1
11

 u  2u  u2 2 2
du u 2

21 11 1
2u 2 2
u2
n n 1
u1    C
 x dx  x C
2
2 11 1 n 1
2 2

21 11 1
2 2
( x  1) 2 2( x  1) ( x  1)
   C
5 3 1
2 2 2
21 11 1
2
2( x  1) 2 4( x  1) 2
   2( x  1) C
5 3

(3½ marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2019: MATHEMATICS

 27.

 
 x (48 x) dx
1
4. Determine 
  x dx  ln x 


Using partial fractions: The factors x and 4  x are both linear. Thus, the decomposition has
the form A  B where A and B are constants to be determined.
x 4 x

8  A B
x(4  x) x 4  x

8 A(4  x)  B( x)

x(4  x) x(4  x)
8  A(4  x)  Bx Numerator of LHS=Numerator of RHS

Let x = 0 as it will eliminate B Let x = 4 as it will eliminate A

8  A(4  0)  B  0
8  A(4  4)  B  4
8  4A
2 A 8  4B
2B

Hence 8 2  2
x(4  x) x 4 x

Note that the numerator is not the

  x(48 x) 
dx  2 dx 
x  4  x dx
2 derivative of the denominator, but we
can make it so by rewriting 2 as
4 x
2  2 1

 2 1 dx

 2 1 dx
4 x 4 x
x 4 x

   2   1
4 x
1

 2 1 dx
x
 2
 4  x dx
f ( x)
 2 ln x  2 ln 4  x  C  f ( x)
 ln f ( x)  C
If the derivative of the
denominator = numerator then
take the ln of the absolute value
of denominator.

(3½ marks)

THE END
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