Laplace Transform of

Derivatives & Integrals

 Laplace Transform is defined as:
∞

𝑠 = ℒ{𝑓 𝑡 } = න 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 𝑡 𝜕𝑡
0

𝒇(𝒕) 𝑭(𝒔) 𝒇(𝒕) 𝑭(𝒔)

1 1 cos 𝜔𝑡 𝑠
𝑠 𝑠2 + 𝜔2
𝑡 1 sin 𝜔𝑡 𝜔
𝑠2 𝑠2 + 𝜔2
𝑡2 2! cosh 𝜔𝑡 𝑠
𝑠3 𝑠2 − 𝑤 2
𝑡𝑛 𝑛! s𝑖𝑛ℎ 𝜔𝑡 𝜔
𝑠 𝑛+1 𝑠2 − 𝜔2
𝑒 𝑎𝑡 1
𝑠−𝑎
 If
ℒ 𝑓 𝑡 = 𝐹(𝑠)

 Then Laplace Transform of the derivatives:

ℒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = 𝑠𝐹 𝑠 − 𝑓(0)

Whilst
ℒ 𝑓 ′ ′(𝑡) = 𝑠ℒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑡) − 𝑓′(0)

ℒ 𝑓 ′ ′(𝑡) = 𝑠{𝑠𝐹 𝑠 − 𝑓 0 } − 𝑓′(0)

ℒ 𝑓 ′ ′(𝑡) = 𝑠 2 𝐹 𝑠 − 𝑠𝑓 0 − 𝑓′(0)
 Given the function:
𝑓 𝑡 = 𝑒𝑡
derive the Laplace transform for its first derivative ℒ 𝑓 ′ 𝑡 .
 Solution:
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑡 = 𝑓(𝑡)
 Thus…
1
ℒ 𝑓′ 𝑡 =ℒ 𝑓 𝑡 =
𝑠−1
 We prove this through the formula:
′
1
ℒ 𝑓 (𝑡) = 𝑠𝐹 𝑠 − 𝑓 0 = 𝑠 − 𝑒0
𝑠−1
𝑠 s−1 1
ℒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = − =
𝑠−1 𝑠−1 𝑠−1
 Derive the Laplace transform for the following function:
𝑓 𝑡 = 𝑡 sin 𝜔𝑡

 We only know that:

𝜔 𝑠
ℒ{sin 𝜔𝑡} = 2 and ℒ{cos 𝜔𝑡} = 2
𝑠 + 𝜔2 𝑠 + 𝜔2

 If
𝑓 𝑡 = 𝑡 sin 𝜔𝑡

lets find the derivative(s) of the function:

𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = 𝜔𝑡 cos 𝜔𝑡 + sin 𝜔𝑡
𝑓 ′′ 𝑡 = (−𝜔2 𝑡 sin 𝜔𝑡 + 𝜔 cos 𝜔𝑡) + ωcos 𝜔𝑡 = 2ω cos 𝜔𝑡 − 𝜔2 𝑡 sin 𝜔𝑡

By now you should be very familiar with

𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣
derivation 𝜕𝑥 𝑢𝑣 = 𝑣 𝜕𝑥 + 𝑢 𝜕𝑥
 If we want to use thus formula:
ℒ 𝑓 ′ ′(𝑡) = 𝑠 2 𝐹 𝑠 − 𝑠𝑓 0 − 𝑓′(0)
we need to find 𝑓 0 and 𝑓 ′ 0 .
 If
𝑓 𝑡 = 𝑡 sin 𝜔𝑡
…then: 𝑓 0 =0
 If
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = 𝜔𝑡 cos 𝜔𝑡 + sin 𝜔𝑡
…then: 𝑓′ 0 = 0

 Substitute back in the formula:

ℒ 𝑓 ′ ′(𝑡) = 𝑠 2 𝐹 𝑠 − 𝑠𝑓 0 − 𝑓 ′ 0
ℒ 𝑓 ′ ′(𝑡) = 𝑠 2 𝐹 𝑠 − 𝑠 0 − 0 = 𝑠 2 𝐹 𝑠
 Given:
𝑓 ′′ (𝑡) = 2ω cos 𝜔𝑡 − 𝜔2 𝑡 sin 𝜔𝑡
…then:
ℒ 𝑓 ′ ′(𝑡) = ℒ 2ω cos 𝜔𝑡 − 𝜔2 𝑡 sin 𝜔𝑡 = 𝑠 2 𝐹 𝑠 − 𝑠𝑓 0 − 𝑓 ′ 0
ℒ 2ω cos 𝜔𝑡} − ℒ{𝜔2 𝑡 sin 𝜔𝑡 = 𝑠 2 𝐹 𝑠
𝑠
2𝜔 2 2
− 𝜔2 ℒ 𝑓 𝑡 = 𝑠 2 𝐹 𝑠
𝑠 +𝜔
𝑠 2 𝐹(𝑠) = 𝑠 2 𝐹 𝑠
2𝜔 2 − 𝜔
𝑠 + 𝜔2
𝑠 2 + 𝜔2 )𝐹 𝑠
2𝜔 2 = (𝑠
𝑠 + 𝜔2
2𝜔𝑠
𝐹 𝑠 = 2
(𝑠 + 𝜔 2 )2
In a nutshell…
We do not derive the F(s) directly.
Instead, we use the formula of Laplace for
derivatives to derive F(s)!! SMART!!!
 Based on the following circuit, derive the Laplace
transform of the current:
𝑑𝑖
𝑅𝑖 + 𝐿 = 𝑉, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑅 = 4Ω, 𝐿 = 2𝐻 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉 𝑡 = 10 sin 5𝑡
𝑑𝑡
 Given:
𝑑𝑖
𝑅𝑖 + 𝐿 = 𝑉, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑅 = 4Ω, 𝐿 = 2𝐻 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉 𝑡 = 10 sin 5𝑡
𝑑𝑡
 We substitute R, L and V:
𝑑𝑖
4𝑖 + 2 = 10 sin 5𝑡
𝑑𝑡
 We then solve the equation in the Laplace domain:
5
4𝐼 + 2[𝑠𝐼 + 𝑖 0 ] = 10[ 2 2
]
𝑠 +5
Remember:
• in time domain it is Use Laplace for derivatives
small letter i (i.e. i(t)) 𝑑𝑖
ℒ = ℒ 𝑖 ′ (𝑡) = 𝑠𝐼 𝑠 − 𝑖(0)
• In the Laplace domain 𝑑𝑡
it is capital I (i.e. I(s))
 Assume the initial current is null (i.e. 𝑖 0 = 0), thus…
50
4𝐼 + 2𝑠𝐼 =
𝑠 2 + 52
25
2+𝑠 𝐼 = 2
𝑠 + 52
25
𝐼= 2
𝑠 + 52 (2 + 𝑠) 𝑖 𝑡 ???

Think…
If we inverse transform the
Laplace equation, we basically
solve the current equation from
the given original problem
𝑑𝑖
𝑅𝑖 + 𝐿 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑉
 If
ℒ 𝑓 𝑡 = 𝐹(𝑠)

 Then Laplace Transform of the integrals:

𝜏
1
ℒ න 𝑓(𝑡) 𝜕𝑡 = 𝐹 𝑠
0 𝑠

Whilt the inverse…

𝜏
1
න 𝑓(𝑡)𝜕𝑡 = ℒ −1 𝐹 𝑠
0 𝑠
 Find the inverse of:
1
ℒ −1
𝑠(𝑠 2 + 𝜔 2 )

 We know that:
𝜔
ℒ{sin 𝜔𝑡} = 2
𝑠 + 𝜔2
 Thus…
sin 𝜔𝑡 1
𝐹 𝑠 = ℒ{ }= 2
𝜔 𝑠 + 𝜔2
 Substitute back in the overall equation…
𝜏
1 1 sin 𝜔𝑡 1
ℒ −1 2 2
= ℒ −1 𝐹 𝑠 = න 𝜕𝑡 = 2
[− cos 𝜔𝜏 − (− cos 0)]
𝑠(𝑠 + 𝜔 ) 𝑠 0 𝜔 𝜔
−1
1 1
ℒ = 2 [1 − cos 𝜔𝜏]
𝑠(𝑠 2 + 𝜔 2 ) 𝜔
 Find the inverse of:
1
ℒ −1
𝑠 2 (𝑠 2 + 𝜔 2 )

 We know that:
𝜔
ℒ{sin 𝜔𝑡} =
𝑠2 + 𝜔2
 Thus…
sin 𝜔𝑡 1
𝐹 𝑠 = ℒ{ }= 2
𝜔 𝑠 + 𝜔2

 Substitute back in the overall equation…

1 1
ℒ −1 =ℒ −1 𝐹 𝑠
𝑠 2 (𝑠 2 + 𝜔 2 ) 𝑠2
 Recaps from the solution of example 3:
1 1
ℒ −1 = 2 [1 − cos 𝜔𝜏]
𝑠(𝑠 2 + 𝜔 2 ) 𝜔

 Thus…
𝜏
1 1 𝑡 sin 𝜔𝑡 𝜏
ℒ −1 = න 2 [1 − cos 𝜔𝜏] 𝜕𝑡 = 2 − |0
𝑠 2 (𝑠 2 + 𝜔 2 ) 0 𝜔 𝜔 𝜔 3

−1
1 𝜏 sin 𝜔𝜏 0 sin 0
ℒ 2 2 2
= 2− 3
− 2− 3
𝑠 (𝑠 + 𝜔 ) 𝜔 𝜔 𝜔 𝜔
−1
1 𝜏 sin 𝜔𝜏
ℒ = 2−
𝑠 2 (𝑠 2 + 𝜔 2 ) 𝜔 𝜔3
 To derive Laplace transform  To derive inverse Laplace
through its derivatives (i.e. transform through its integrals
what is ℒ 𝑓 𝑡 = 𝐹 𝑠 = ? ) : (i.e. what is ℒ −1 𝐻 𝑠 = ℎ 𝑡 = ? ) :
• First – derive 𝒇′ 𝒕 or 𝒇′ ′ 𝒕 • First – factorize equation into
• Second – derive 𝓛{𝒇′ 𝒕 } or familiar form of 𝑭(𝒔) (i.e. H s =
1
𝓛{𝒇′ ′ 𝒕 } through theorem 𝐹 𝑠
𝑠
Laplace of derivatives = 1
Equation (1) or H s = 𝑠2 𝐹(𝑠))
• Third – derive 𝓛{𝒇′ 𝒕 } or • Second – derive 𝒇 𝒕 from the
𝓛{𝒇′ ′ 𝒕 } through Laplace given 𝑭(𝒔)
transform of its algebraic • Third – use
equation of the 1st step = theorem Laplace
Equation 2 of integrals
• Derive 𝑭(𝒔) through
to derive 𝒉 𝒕
Equation 1 == Equation 2
 Use the Theorem of Laplace Transform of derivatives to find
the Laplace Transform for the following equation:
• 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑡
• 𝑓 𝑡 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜔𝑡
 Use Theorem of Laplace Tranform of integrals to derive the
inverse transform of the following equation
2
• ℒ −1
(𝑠 2 +𝑠/3)
1
• ℒ −1
𝑠(𝑠 2 +𝜔2 /4)
𝑠+8
• ℒ −1 4 2
𝑠 +4𝑠