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Ventilation Calculation Report

The document provides a mechanical ventilation design report for a proposed warehouse and labor accommodation building. It determines that a steady fire of 5,000 BTU/Sec should be used for analysis. Calculations are shown to determine the mass flow rate of the plume (29.72 kg/s), temperature rise in the smoke layer (359K), and radiant flux at the floor (1 kW/m2), which would be unacceptable. The required vent area is calculated as 30 square meters. Specifications are also provided for ventilation of the underground fire pump room, including exhaust and makeup air quantities for normal and fire modes of operation.

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arun kurlan
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626 views6 pages

Ventilation Calculation Report

The document provides a mechanical ventilation design report for a proposed warehouse and labor accommodation building. It determines that a steady fire of 5,000 BTU/Sec should be used for analysis. Calculations are shown to determine the mass flow rate of the plume (29.72 kg/s), temperature rise in the smoke layer (359K), and radiant flux at the floor (1 kW/m2), which would be unacceptable. The required vent area is calculated as 30 square meters. Specifications are also provided for ventilation of the underground fire pump room, including exhaust and makeup air quantities for normal and fire modes of operation.

Uploaded by

arun kurlan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MECHANICAL

VENTILATION REPORT

Project: Proposed G+M WAREHOUSE &


G+2 LABOR ACCOMODATION

Owner: SAVE STORAGE W.L.L

Consultant: UNIVERSAL DESIGN CENTER


Design Fire Size

Fire can be two types.

1. Steady (limited Growth) fires


2. Growing (Continuous Growth)

In this scenario a steady fire is considered. For analysis of the vent system the maximum
anticipated fire power needs to be found.

Goal - Develop a vent design for the subject building that will maintain a tenable
environment for a period of time at least equal to the time required to evacuate the building
and equal to the time required to maintain the hot upper layer a minimum of 3 meters above
floor level until the local fire department enters the building.

Objective - Determine the vent area required to maintain the smoke layer at least 3
meters above floor level. And also limit the heat flux at floor level to a maximum of 4 kW/m²,
the threshold irradiance that causes severe pain to exposed skin, during the time required or
evacuation of the building occupants.

Design Fire : (Stead State) 5,000 BTU/Sec

Q = 5,270 Kw

Predicted fire diameter, D can be thought as the diameter of a circle having the same area
as the floor area of the fuel concentration.

Thus: D = 2 (A/∏)^½

A = Fuel Area

D = 2(20/∏)^½

D = 5 meters

The mean height of the flame, L can be calculated using the above data as follows.

L = -1.02 D + 0.235 Q^⅖

L = (-1.02x5) + (0.235 x 5270 ^⅖)

L = 1.14 meters

The mean height of the flame is greater than ceiling height. So the flame will impinge on the
ceiling and flow radially outward.
Case 1: Clear height = 3 meters

Assuming the convective heat flow, Qc is only 70% of the total heat flow, mass flow rate can
be calculated as follows where, L ˃ Zs (2.5m)

ṁp = (0.0056Qc)Zs/L

Qc = convective heat release rate, kW

Zs = height above the base of the fire, m (Base of fire is assumed to be 0.5m)

ṁp = (0.0056 x 0.7 x 5270) 1.64/1.14

ṁp = 29.72 kg/s

Temperature rise in the smoke layer can be estimated using the following equation.

ΔT = KQc/Cp ṁp

K = fraction of converted energy contained in the smoke layer gases (=0.5, unless an
analysis acceptable to AHJ is provided to validate the use of an alternative value.)

Qc = convective heat release rate. kW

Cp = specific heat of the smoke layer, 1.00 KJ/kg.K)

ṁp = mass flow rate in the plume, kg/s

Thus,

ΔT = [0.5 (0.7x5270) / (1x29.72)]

ΔT = 62

Thus the smoke layer temperature

T = 62 + 297

T = 359 K

At this temperature radiant flux at the floor level can be calculated from the below equation.

Flux = kεфT^4

Where;

K = Stefab=n Boltzmann constant = 5.67x10^-11

ε = emissivity = 1
ф = configuration factor = 1

T = temperature of the layer, K

Thu Flux,

= 5.67 x (10^-11) x 1x 1 x (359^4)

Flux = 1 KW/m²

This will produce unacceptable levels of radiant flux at the floor and there is a risk where fire
can flash over the combustibles under the smoke layer. Further at this temperature
unprotected steel begins losing strength.

Sizing of Vents

This arrangement will not meet objectives. Although the vent sizing calculation will be carried
out as this design will be common to other alternatives designs.

The aerodynamic vent area Ava can be calculated from the below equation.

ṁv = (2p₀² g)½ ½ Ava d½


²)

At steady state mass flow though vents is equal to the smoke production rate. ṁp

ṁv = ṁp = 29.72 kg/s

po = 1.2 kg/m³

g = 9.81 m/s²

To = 297 K

ΔT = 62

T = 359 K

d = Building height – design height = 7.5 meters – 3.0 meters

d = 4.5 meters

thus,

Ava = 7 m²

The vent area assumed to have a discharge coefficient of 0.61; thus the corresponding
actual vent area.

Av = 7 / 0.61= 11.47 m²(geometric vent area)


It is assumed that the inlet air opening area (Aout) is 1.5 times the vent area. Aout /Av is
not significantly large a correction may apply for vent are due to limited inlet air openings.

M = 1 + ½
²

M = 1 + ½
. ²

M = 2.60

Thus the corrected vent area = 11.47 x 2.60 = 29.82 m²

Thus the required vent area = 30 m²

VENTILATION FOR FIRE PUMP ROOM


The fire pump room is located underground.

The ventilation of the fire pump room will be provided by separate fans one smoke
extraction and one for makeup fresh air as shown in the plan. The extraction and make up
fresh air shall be directly to and from out of the building as per fire safety standard.

1. Pump Room Ventilation. (2 Speed)

Parameters:

Area of Pump Room = 33.6 m²

Height= 4.4 meters

Using 10 AC/Hr (Fire Mode)

Calculation:

V = 33.6 m² x 4.4 m =148 m³

V = 148 m³ x 10AC/Hr = 1,480 m³/Hr

Air Quantity = 871 CFM

Use: 880 CFM Exhaust Air Quantity

Make Up Air Qty (85% of Exhaust Air)

Make Up Air = 880 cfm x 0.85


Make Up Air = 748 CFM

Use : 750 CFM

Using 6 AC/Hr (Normal Mode)

Calculation:

V = 33.6 m² x 4.4 m =148 m³

V = 148 m³ x 6AC/Hr = 888 m³/Hr

Air Quantity = 523 CFM

Use: 525 CFM Exhaust Air Quantity

Make Up Air Qty (85% of Exhaust Air)

Make Up Air = 525 cfm x 0.85

Make Up Air = 446 CFM

Use : 450 CFM

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