CONFIDENTIAL EC/DEC2018/ECS444

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE : BASIC TIMBER AND STEEL DESIGN

COURSE CODE : ECS444
EXAMINATION : DECEMBER 2018
TIME : 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. This question paper consists of FOUR(4) questions.

2. Answer ALL FOUR questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a
new page.

3. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given
by the invigilator.

4. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of:
i. the Question Paper
ii. a nine – page Appendix
iii. an Answer Booklet – provided by the Faculty

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 4 printed pages

© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL EC/DEC2018/ECS444

QUESTION 2

a) Discuss with sketches the ordinary structural bolted and welded connections. (CO1, PO2)
(C2)
(5 marks)

b) A single lap joint consists of 16 mm thick grade S275 plate. All edges of the plates are
machine flame cut. Two (2) 20 mm diameter Grade 8.8 black prestressed bolts and fully
threaded are used. Calculate the slip resistance and tensile resistance of cover plates.
(CO2-PO5) (C4)

Given:
Slip factor, μ = 0.5
e1 and e2 = 35 mm
p1 = 70 mm
(15 marks)

QUESTION 3

Table Q3 present a set of data obtained from a tensile test of unknown timber species. Based
on the data given,

a) Plot a stress/strain curve diagram and determine the maximum stress and strain value
at maximum stress of elastic zone. (CO1, PO2) (C2)
(5 marks)

b) Identify the minimum modulus of elasticity for the timber. (CO1, PO2) (C2)
(5 marks)

c) A wet standard species of Nyatoh timber is used as bending element to carry uniformly
distributed load of 10 kN/m. The timber element with cross-sectional dimension of 75 mm
x 100 mm cross section and 2.5m span supported by bearing of 50mm at both ends.
Check the sufficiency of the tested in taking the load based on the bending and shear
capacity. Comment also on the suitability of the timber section to carry the load. Take all
K as 1.0 except for K3 and K5. Given K3 in the Appendix and K5 = 1.41. (CO2-PO5) (C6)
(15 marks)

Table Q3

Stress 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 40 35 30 25 20
(MPa)
Strain 0 50 150 300 400 450 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950
(x10-6)

© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL EC/DEC2018/ECS444
QUESTION 4

A timber structural member with span of 2 m and cross section dimensions of 75 mm x 100
mm is subjected to uniformly load of 5 kN/m and tension force of 3 kN. Timber species with
grade Select for the column is wet graded Merbau. Timber properties of the species are shown
in Appendix. The structural member is supported by 40 mm bearing end to end.

a) Calculate the bending stress applied to the structural members. (CO1-PO2) (C4)
(5 marks)

b) Determine the permissible bending stress of selected timber species. (CO1-PO2) (C4)
(5 marks)

c) Calculate the total applied stress to the structural members. (CO1-PO2) (C4)

(5 marks)

d) Determine the tension stress permitted of selected timber species. (CO1-PO2) (C4)
(5 marks)

e) Analysed and comment on the capability of the structural members to both bending and
axial tension forces. (CO2-PO5) (C6)
(5 marks)

Notes:
Take all K as 1.0 except for K3 and K5. Given K3 in the Appendix and K5 = 1.41.

END OF QUESTION PAPER

© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL

 Immune 100mm

Fm , all

a) Bending stress applied ,

Jm
, all
=
Mma ✗

'

=W¥
Mmax = 512 ) =

2.5 KNM

bh 75110032
'

2- 125
-

000mm
=
= =

6 6

Jm,a,× = 2.5×106 = 20 N / mm
'

125×103

Tm from selected 21.1

#K grade
,adm ,
=

✗ Factor
Fmg ,
-

=
admy

Fmgx
= 21.1 From Table , grade set - wet .

K -
factor

Ks =
1.33

Ks =
1.41

Fm,admy = 21 .
I ✗ I -33×1.41

Nlmm
'
=
39.57
Tati, =
Tension
A

=
3×103

75×100

/
-

=
0.4 N mm

Permissible tension stress

Fad my =
F- ✗ K -
Factor F- = 12.7 ( From Table]
=
12.7 ✗ 1.0 ✗ 1.33 ✗ ! 41

23.82 N /mm
-
=

Applied bending stress + Applied tension £1

Permissible Tension

20 0.4 I
+
39.6 23.8

0 .
51 1- 0.02 £ I

0.53 £1

Since the proportional is less than 1 hence the selection section is

,

considered safe .
 Ks =
1.2

MPa )

a)
[
\ E( ✗ to
- •
)
 Ks = I -2

0 0
10 kN /m

-7%77 ☐ too

75

stress
Bending applied
Tapp
=

Mm
2-

( 2. 5)
2

Wh KNM
'

Nlmax = = 10 =
7.81

g-
-

£ bh 751100 ) 125×103
-
3
mm
= =

6 6

-
i
Tmapp = 7.81×106
125×103
-
=
62.48 N/ mm

Permissible Bending Stress

Tm allow
-

Tmg ✗ K

=
10-8 ✗ 1.0×1.2×1.41
=
18.27 N / mm
-
<
app

since Ipp > Jnana

,
hence section be species of timber is not

suitable to carry
the load .
Shear Stress Applied

VA
↳ p
=

→ bh

V = Wl =
10 (2-5) = 12.5 kN

2- 2

①app = 12.5×103

75×100

= 1.67 N / mm 2

Fallow = Tv ✗ K

= 1-35×1-0 ✗ 1.2 × 1-41

=
2.28 N / mm -
>
Ipp

dimension
✗
since Gow >
UTapp hence timber be species of timber is sufficient
,

to shear force applied

cranny
.
 macam example 1
compression

3. 6m

600mm C- 6
\
o
 4min

-
bmin

1. bmin =
60mm

hmin = 150mm

- a

Zxx =
b. h = 60×150

g- a-
=
225 000 Mms

2. All 1<=1

3. Grade stress

Bending parallel to 14.2 N / mm

-

grain u-m.gs
=

Shear 1.61 Nlmm -

to
parallel grain ✗ =

4. Permissible Bending Stress

VI. adm.si = 14.2 ✗ 1.0

/
-
=
14.2 N mm
 Max moment
5. .

bending
£

U-m.adm.HN/max--U-m.adm.M
Tm -
a. y

✗
2×-1

= 14.2 ✗ 225 000

=
3 195 000 Nmm

3.195 KNM
=

Applied shear stress Cantilever beam

Ja = 3V -
V=W
2bh =w✗l

=3 (10.9×103) = 7 kN ✗ 1.9 A

60×150 A

/ 10.9 kN
-
=

3.5 N mm
=

F. admit = 1.61 ✗ 1.0

= 1.61 N mm/
.
 Beard
)
Rc
wt 2¥
=
=

= 4 kN

Beam_✗
Rc =
all = 516)
2 2

=
15 kN

Looidonoumn
=
I 9 kN
 10 KNIM
Mmmmm 150

3m
80

Bending stress
applied
Tm =
Max
, app

2-

Mma = Wti 100s) =

11.25 KNM
=

g- 8

'
'
2-
'

= bh = 801150) '
= 300×10 mm

6 6

.
'

.
Tm,app = 11-25×106 = 37.5 N / mm -

>

300×10

Shear Stress Applied

Trapp =
I
A

V =
Wl =
10×3 =
15 kN
2 2

i. = 15×10
app

80×150

=
1.25 Nlmm '
 Tmanow K
-0mg
= ✗

=
15.9 ✗ 1.0

19 9 N/mm < Jm
-
=
.

,app

Since Gamow <

Epp ,
hence beam is not safe to

carry -

allow =
Try ✗ K

= 1.81 × 1-0

1.81 N /mm > €app

'
=

Since tallow >

Trapp hence beam is safe to carry
,

ultimate shear force .

?⃝
 >

Ig
J = =
5×10

80×150

Nlmm
.

=
0.42

Enow =
% ✗ K

= 9.5 ✗ 1-0

/mm
'
= 9.5 N
-

ni include ke ?

1.25 0.42 I 1
+ +

15.9 1.81 9.5

?⃝
 4500 ? ?
stability
-

lateral
stress ?
9

bearing
3 s 6 ' s
I 2 4

Leff = 3000+(150/2) 2

= 3150