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    Chem Rxns

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    anoj kumar
    Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms when substances interact and energy is supplied. They take place throughout nature, such as in photosynthesis and digestion, and inside the human body to support life. There are several types of chemical reactions including decomposition, where molecules break down; combination, where molecules form; displacement, where one atom replaces another; oxidation, where electrons are lost; and reduction, where electrons are gained.

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    Chem Rxns

    Uploaded by

    anoj kumar
    24 views7 pages
    Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms when substances interact and energy is supplied. They take place throughout nature, such as in photosynthesis and digestion, and inside the human body to support life. There are several types of chemical reactions including decomposition, where molecules break down; combination, where molecules form; displacement, where one atom replaces another; oxidation, where electrons are lost; and reduction, where electrons are gained.

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    Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms when substances interact and energy is supplied. They take place throughout nature, such as in photosynthesis and digestion, and inside the human body to support life. There are several types of chemical reactions including decomposition, where molecules break down; combination, where molecules form; displacement, where one atom replaces another; oxidation, where electrons are lost; and reduction, where electrons are gained.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    24 views7 pages

    Chem Rxns

    Uploaded by

    anoj kumar
    Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms when substances interact and energy is supplied. They take place throughout nature, such as in photosynthesis and digestion, and inside the human body to support life. There are several types of chemical reactions including decomposition, where molecules break down; combination, where molecules form; displacement, where one atom replaces another; oxidation, where electrons are lost; and reduction, where electrons are gained.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 7

    The Chemical Reactions

    What are Chemical Reactions?


    Chemical reactions are concerned with breaking of old bonds to create
    new bonds. It is the interaction of two or more substances, resulting in chemical
    changes in them. Chemical reactions take place when some kind of energy is
    supplied to them. The supplied energy may be in the form of heat, light or
    mechanical shaking for proper contact between the reactant molecules or
    electricity. Chemical reactions involve rearrangement of the atoms and produce
    new substances in this process.

    For example, in the above picture, just the mixing of two substances can cause
    the chemical reaction to occur.

    Chemical Reactions are everywhere in nature.

    The process by which the plants make their own food is called photosynthesis.
    In the presence of sunlight , the chemical reactions take place on the surface of
    the leaf. The green pigment inside the leaves called “chlorophyll” help in the
    manufacturing of food by making use of CO 2 , H2O and other soil nutrients. In
    this process Oxygen is released, which is our daily consumption.

    1
    Our Body is a Big Chemical Factory

    Chemical Reactions take place in our body too. Our whole body depends on
    chemical reactions for proper functioning. These chemical reactions keep on
    happening in our body throughout our life.

    For example, the whole digestion process involves chemical reaction of acids
    and the food. During digestion, the food is broken down in to smaller
    molecules. The salivary glands in our mouth release digestive enzymes which
    help in the breakdown of food. Digestion continues in the stomach and small
    intestine with the help of digestive enzymes.

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    Different types of Chemical Reactions

    A simple rearrangement of atoms is also a chemical reaction. For example

    H4N2CO  H4N2CO
    Ammonium cyanate Urea

    The molecular formula is same but the bonds are rearranged. Such compounds
    are called isomers. This reaction is called an isomerisation reaction.

    A Decomposition Reaction- occurs when a molecule is broken down into


    smaller parts. For example, Passing electric current through water produces H 2
    and O2. This electrolysis reaction – the breaking down of molecule by passing
    electricity is an example of decomposition reaction.
    electricity
    2H20  2H2 + O2

    Decomposition reaction are used to obtain several metals from their oxides or
    salts. The salt is electrolysed and the pure metal is obtained. Digestion in our
    body is also an example of decomposition reactions. The starch decomposes in
    to sugar in the body and proteins get decomposed into smaller substances called
    amino acids.

    Combination Reaction: The combination reaction is the opposite of


    decomposition reaction. Water can be made by combining H 2 and O2,

    2H2 + O2  2H20

    5
    Another example of a combination reaction is when the walls are white washed
    with lime.
    Lime (Calcium Oxide), when added to water, forms slaked lime (Calcium
    Hydroxide). Calcium hydroxide reacts slowly with the carbon dioxide in the air
    to form a thin layer of calcium carbonate on the walls.

    CaO + H2O  Ca(OH)2

    Ca(OH)2 + CO2  CaCO3 + H2O

    Displacement Reaction- involves the displacement of one set of atoms in a


    molecule by another.
    Example of displacement of Cu in a salt by another metal:

    Mg + CuSO4  MgSO4 + Cu

    Similarily for Zn and Fe:


    Zn + CuSO4  ZnSO4 + Cu
    Fe + CuSO4  FeSO4 +Cu

    Oxidation Reaction – Oxidation reaction is a reaction with oxygen. Oxidation


    is used in a wide variety of industries such as in the production of cleaning
    products. It involves the loss of an electron by a molecule, atom, or ion.

    6
    Reduction Reaction – Reduction is the opposite of oxidation, it is often
    reaction with hydrogen. It involves gain of an electron by a molecule, atom, or
    ion.

    The oxidation and reduction always go together because one cannot occur
    without the other. Electrons that are lost by one atom must be gained by
    another.

    H2 + F2  2HF

    This reaction can be written as two half reactions. First , the oxidation reaction:

    H2  2H+ + 2e-

    And the reduction reaction

    F2 + 2e-  2F-

    In the formation of water from its elements, oxygen is reduced while hydrogen
    is oxidised.

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