PMT

DIFFERENTIATION Answers

1 a f(x) = x[x3 + 3x2(2) + 3x(2)2 + 23] b f ′(x) = 1 × (x + 2)3 + x × 3(x + 2)2

= x4 + 6x3 + 12x2 + 8x = (x + 2)2[(x + 2) + 3x]
f ′(x) = 4x3 + 18x2 + 24x + 8 = 2(2x + 1)(x + 2)2

2 a = 1 × ex + x × ex b = 1 × (x + 1)5 + x × 5(x + 1)4

= ex(1 + x) = (x + 1)4[(x + 1) + 5x]
= (6x + 1)(x + 1)4
1
c = 1 × ln x + x × d = 2x × (x − 1)3 + x2 × 3(x − 1)2
x
= ln x + 1 = x(x − 1)2[2(x − 1) + 3x]
= x(5x − 2)(x − 1)2
1
e = 3x2 × ln 2x + x3 × f = 2x × e−x + x2 × (−e−x)
x
= x2(3 ln 2x + 1) = xe−x(2 − x)
g = 8x3 × (5 + x)3 + 2x4 × 3(5 + x)2 h = 2x × (x − 3)4 + x2 × 4(x − 3)3
= 2x3(5 + x)2[4(5 + x) + 3x] = 2x(x − 3)3[(x − 3) + 2x]
= 2x3(20 + 7x)(5 + x)2 = 6x(x − 1)(x − 3)3

3 a = 1 × (2x − 1)3 + x × 3(2x − 1)2 × 2 b = 12x3 × e2x + 3 + 3x4 × e2x + 3 × 2

= (2x − 1)2[(2x − 1) + 6x] = 6x3e2x + 3(2 + x)
= (8x − 1)(2x − 1)2
− 12 1
c =1× x −1 + x × 1
( x − 1) d = 2x × ln (x + 6) + x2 ×
2 x+6
−1 x2
= 1
( x − 1) 2 [2(x − 1) + x] = 2x ln (x + 6) +
2 x+6
3x − 2
=
2 x −1

e = 1 × (1 − 5x)4 + x × 4(1 − 5x)3 × (−5) f = 1 × (x − 3)3 + (x + 2) × 3(x − 3)2

= (1 − 5x)3[(1 − 5x) − 20x] = (x − 3)2[(x − 3) + 3(x + 2)]
= (1 − 25x)(1 − 5x)3 = (4x + 3)(x − 3)2
1 4
1
g = 4
x 3 × e3x + x 3 × 3e3x h = 1 × ln (x2 − 1) + (x + 1) × × 2x
3
x −1
2

1
2 x( x + 1)
= 1
x 3 e3x(4 + 9x) = ln (x2 − 1) +
3 ( x + 1)( x − 1)
2x
= ln (x2 − 1) +
x −1
− 12
i = 2x × 3 x + 1 + x2 × 1
2
(3 x + 1) ×3
− 12
= 1
2
x (3 x + 1) [4(3x + 1) + 3x]
x(15 x + 4)
=
2 3x + 1

 Solomon Press
 PMT

DIFFERENTIATION Answers page 2

4 a f ′(x) = 4 × e3x + 4x × 3e3x b f ′(x) = 2 × (x2 + 2)3 + 2x × 3(x2 + 2)2 × 2x

= 4e3x(1 + 3x) = 2(x2 + 2)2[(x2 + 2) + 6x2]
f ′(0) = 4 × 1 × 1 = 4 = 2(7x2 + 2)(x2 + 2)2
f ′(−1) = 2 × 9 × 9 = 162
1 − 12 1
c f ′(x) = 5 × ln 3x + (5x − 4) × d f ′(x) = 1
2
x ×(1 − 2x)3 + x 2 ×3(1 − 2x)2×(−2)
x
4 − 12
= 5 ln 3x + 5 − = 1
2
x (1 − 2x)2[(1 − 2x) − 12x]
x
1 −2
1
f ′( 13 ) = 0 + 5 − 12 = −7 = 2
x (1 − 14x)(1 − 2x)2
f ′( 14 ) = 1
2
× 2 × ( − 52 ) × 14 = − 85

dy dy
5 a = 1 × e2x + x × 2e2x b = 1 × (x − 4)3 + x × 3(x − 4)2
dx dx
SP: e2x(1 + 2x) = 0 = (x − 4)2[(x − 4) + 3x]
x = − 12 SP: 4(x − 1)(x − 4)2 = 0
∴ ( − 12 , − 12 e−1) x = 1, 4
∴ (1, −27), (4, 0)
dy dy − 12
c = 2x × (2x − 3)4 + x2 × 4(2x − 3)3 × 2 d =1× x + 12 + x × 1
2
( x + 12)
dx dx
−1
= 2x(2x − 3)3[(2x − 3) + 4x] = 1
2
( x + 12) 2 [2(x + 12) + x]
3( x + 8)
SP: 6x(2x − 1)(2x − 3)3 = 0 SP: =0
2 x + 12
x = 0, 1
2
, 3
2
x = −8
∴ (0, 0), ( 12 , 4), ( 32 , 0) ∴ (−8, −16)
dy dy
e = 2x × e−4x + x2 × (−4e−4x) f = −3 × (3 − x)3 + (1 − 3x) × 3(3 − x)2 × (−1)
dx dx
SP: 2xe−4x(1 − 2x) = 0 = −3(3 − x)2[(3 − x) + (1 − 3x)]
x = 12 SP: −12(1 − x)(3 − x)2 = 0
∴ ( 12 , 2 + 1
4
e−2) x = 1, 3
∴ (1, −16), (3, 0)

6 a x=1 ∴y=1 b x = 1 ∴ y = 3e
dy dy
= 1 × (x − 2)4 + x × 4(x − 2)3 = 6x × ex + 3x2 × ex
dx dx
= (x − 2)3[(x − 2) + 4x] = 3xex(2 + x)
= (5x − 2)(x − 2)3 grad = 9e
grad = −3 ∴ y − 3e = 9e(x − 1)
∴ y − 1 = −3(x − 1) [ y = 3e(3x − 2) ]
[ y = 4 − 3x ]
c x= 1
2
∴y=0 d x = −2 ∴ y = 8
dy 1 dy − 12
= 4 × ln 2x + (4x − 1) × = 2x × x + 6 + x2 × 1
2
( x + 6)
dx x dx
1 −1 x(5 x + 24)
= 4 ln 2x + 4 − = 1
2
x ( x + 6) 2 [4(x + 6) + x] =
x 2 x+6
grad = 2 grad = −7
∴ y − 0 = 2(x − 1
2
) ∴ y − 8 = −7(x + 2)
[ y = 2x − 1 ] [ y = −7x − 6 ]

 Solomon Press
 PMT

DIFFERENTIATION Answers page 3

7 a x=1 ∴y=1 b x=2 ∴y=0

dy dy 1
= 2x × (2 − x)3 + x2 × 3(2 − x)2 × (−1) = 1 × ln (3x − 5) + x × ×3
dx dx 3x − 5
3x
= x(2 − x)2[2(2 − x) − 3x] = ln (3x − 5) +
3x − 5
= x(4 − 5x)(2 − x)2 grad = 6
grad = −1 ∴ grad of normal = − 16
∴ grad of normal = 1 ∴ y − 0 = − 16 (x − 2)
∴ y − 1 = 1(x − 1) x + 6y − 2 = 0
x−y=0
c x = 0 ∴ y = −1 d x = 8 ∴ y = 16
dy dy − 12
= 2x × e + (x − 1) × 3e
3x 2 3x
=1× x−4 + x × 1
2
( x − 4)
dx dx
−1
= e3x[2x + 3(x2 − 1)] = 1
2
( x − 4) 2 [2(x − 4) + x]
3x − 8
= e3x(3x2 + 2x − 3) =
2 x−4
grad = −3 grad = 4
∴ grad of normal = 1
3
∴ grad of normal = − 14
∴ y+1= 1
3
(x − 0) ∴ y − 16 = − 14 (x − 8)
x − 3y − 3 = 0 x + 4y − 72 = 0

8 a x=1 ∴y=e
dy 2 2
= 1 × e x + x × e x × 2x
dx
2
= e x (1 + 2x2)
grad = 3e
∴ y − e = 3e(x − 1)
[ y = e(3x − 2) ]
b x = 0 ⇒ y = −2e
y = 0 ⇒ x = 23
∴ area = 1
2
× 2e × 2
3
= 2
3
e

 Solomon Press