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Concepts Materials Thermal Propagation Prevention

The document discusses design concepts and materials for preventing thermal propagation in lithium-ion batteries. It describes several technologies including high temperature resistant ceramics, endothermic materials that absorb heat, intumescent materials that expand to create insulation, and flame retardant barriers. Test results are also presented to analyze the performance of insulation and endothermic materials.

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venugopalan srinivasan
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77 views10 pages

Concepts Materials Thermal Propagation Prevention

The document discusses design concepts and materials for preventing thermal propagation in lithium-ion batteries. It describes several technologies including high temperature resistant ceramics, endothermic materials that absorb heat, intumescent materials that expand to create insulation, and flame retardant barriers. Test results are also presented to analyze the performance of insulation and endothermic materials.

Uploaded by

venugopalan srinivasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Design Concepts and Materials for Thermal

Propagation Prevention

Dr. Claus Middendorf


March 08th, 2018
Petten, Netherlands 08-09 March 2018
JRC WORKSHOP
“Safer Li-Ion Batteries by Preventing Thermal Propagation?”
Company

➢ more than a “Tape and Films Company”


➢ 46 Core Technology Platforms
➢ Ceramics, Advanced Materials, Nonwoven
Materials etc.
➢ >25 years of battery materials history
➢ >40 years of ceramic fibre, nonwoven & fire
protection history
➢ global team working Thermal Propagation
Prevention

16 March
© 3M 2018 All Rights Reserved. 3M Confidential. C. Middendorf & C. Kuesters CII Automotive Electrification 2
Fire Protection Strategies for all System Levels

▪ Stable Cell Chemistry & Design


Cell Chemistry ▪ Save Operation Management &
Battery Cell
Failure Detection

Battery System ▪ Containment & Retarding


Vehicle
▪ Preventive Fire Protection
Environment / Infrastructure
active or passive
Fire Fighter / EMS
▪ Hot Gas Exhaust &Toxic Emissions

From Operation Management to holistic Fire Protection


16 March
© 3M 2018 All Rights Reserved. C. Middendorf & C. Kuesters CII Automotive Electrification 3
Fire Protection Technologies

High Temperature Resistant Ceramic Materials

“Phase Change“ or Endothermic Materials

Intumescent Materials

Test Results

16 March
© 3M 2018 All Rights Reserved. C. Middendorf & C. Kuesters CII Automotive Electrification 4
High Performance Insulation Material
HT Insulation Material

Test Bench
• material test frame
• load cell
• 2 independent heated platens
• laser controlled gap

heat primary plate to 700°C, then start timer


Next Steps Gap [mm] T (10min) [°C]
2.0 193
• explore new materials 3.0 145
• improve insulation performance 4.0 107
5.0 92

16 March
© 3M 2018. All Rights Reserved. C. Middendorf & C. Kuesters CII Automotive Electrification 5
Endothermic Fire Protection Solutions
Product
• Mat filled with ceramic fiber and
endothermic filler or Film Material only
ATH

Gypsium

Features
decomposition Enthalpy
end. material
temp. [°C] [kJ/kg]
• Cooling effect based on Phase- CaSo4 . 2H2O 60 - 130 560
Al(OH)3 180 - 200 1300
Change. H2O & CO2 Release new ~100 ~1000

• Activation temp. 90° C – 300° C


• Material thickness 0.5 mm – 10 mm • “endothermal plateau”
• temperature increase stopped at
100°C for several minutes
16 March
© 3M 2018 All Rights Reserved. C. Middendorf & C. Kuesters CII Automotive Electrification 6
Flame Retardant Barrier
Product
• FRB NT Sheet Material
• Inorganic-based, halogen free material
• thicknesses from 0.08 to 0.38 mm

Features
Flame Barrier FRB under test
• High flammability resistance
• Dimensionally stable – minimal
shrinkage at elevated temperatures Nextel™ Ceramic Textile
< 0.3 %
• High Arc resistance
• Densified for high Dielectric
strength > 3 KV
• Low volatile outgassing < 22 ppm Flame Propagation Test as per ISO2685, after 15 min
exposure there is no flame penetration and no after flame

16 March
© 3M 2018 All Rights Reserved. C. Middendorf & C. Kuesters CII Automotive Electrification 7
Intumescent Fire Protection Material, Coatings and Films
16
Product 14

(Expanded Volume/Unexpanded
12
• Intumescent Material expands 10

Expansion Ratio
multiple times 8

Volume)
• Formation of a stable and insulating 6

4
Foam 2

• Matt, Film or Coating 0


150 200 250 300 350
• Heat-activated Spacer or Sealing Temperature in Celsius
E-FIS

Tech. Properties I-10 FS-195 E-FIS

Features caliper (mm) 1.7 5.5-8.1 3


FS-195 activation temperature
352 150 200
(°C)
• Uniaxial or multi- axial Expansion
expansion rate 3X 8X 10X
from 3X to 15X expanding film & paste

• Activation Temp.: 150°C - 350°C


• Flexible to firm Material Matts

16 March
© 3M 2018 All Rights Reserved. C. Middendorf & C. Kuesters CII Automotive Electrification 8
Summary – Prevent Thermal Propagation
Thermal Protection Protect Adjacent Cells/Stacks
• Ceramic Non-Woven ✓ thermal insulation, “super insulator”
✓ cushioning, shock & vibration absorption

• Endothermic Fillers ✓ absorb thermal energy (cooling)

• Expanding Mats ✓ expansion transformed into


• volume:  insulation
• or force:  spacer, sealing
Flame Barrier
• Thin Inorganic Papers, Woven ✓ no flame penetration, no/low fumes

Lab Tests
• Exploring Suitable Test Setups ✓ proof material & design concepts
16 March
© 3M 2018 All Rights Reserved. C. Middendorf & C. Kuesters CII Automotive Electrification 9

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