‘ApNi612/208/1/2019, nf This is because the man is stated such tat his weight is applied i the mid of the ladder. The motion ofthe system consisting of te man and the ladder can now be described bythe equations Nye uy = (ms 80)e Ny=(m-+80}9 = (m+80)i In = tena sna Ny Sao) where # andj are the x and y coordinate ofthe acceleration of G, and the angur acceleration, measured counterclockwise. (Apply (71) and (103), 1 tbe adder doesnot slip, we must have # = i= ‘Therelore, the following equations mus old: fey = 0 Ny (m+80)9= 0 tfoosa Ny sina Ny —sinayNz} = 0 {om which we sot, My = (m+ 80} Me = e(m+s0)g and therefore 1sar (m-+80) 9~sinary (m +80) 9 ~sinary (mm +80)9=0 sno oma 1 une = afd a = (5) ‘Note ha the inal rest doesnot depend onthe mass ofthe adder o the mas ofthe man, Bt ony on the “cofiient of ition}‘Question 2:18 Marks () Find the centeof mass ofthe sli of revolution whichis formed when the curve y = 2° 1 is ota bout the z-axis in the interval < x < 1. am) (©) Four thin uniform ros, each of mass m and length 22, ae joined togeter to form the four sides of @ square. Four particles of mses rn, 2, 2m and Gm, respectively, are attached athe corer of the Square. Find the conte of mass ofthe objet. em) Solation (4) The sold of revolution for y ~ 32 +1 nthe interval < x < 1: IF we sic the objet int thin slices, perpendicular to the X-ans, then each slice is approximately a dsc. The one on postion along the Sst has radius 22+ 1, sods thickness them it has the mass tm = density volume density x thickness area = pede-n(2 +1)? there p denotes density. The entre of mas of his isi a postion onthe X-axis ‘Therefore, the cente of mass ofthe whol solid of revolution hase centre of mss fizim ff zox (e+ 1 de Fain fy pm (x3 + 1) de [i(et+o%szyde 2 5 reas nds 8 Remember so mention thee sot} Thus te entre of mas of th so of (es) Pe oo eee eeen are cose ae aes aca ‘4y symmeny, revolution les athe point es. () Letthe Y age x lpm ch 2aAPM612/200/172019 ‘Then inthis coordinate system, the positions ofthe pails ar: 6m particle a (00) and 2m particles st points (0,22), (2a, 0) and (21, 2e). The centres of mass ofthe ods with mass (which age i the middle ofthe rods) are athe points (0,0, (24) (24,4) ad (a,0) Iefollows that the centre of mass ofthe whole object has the positon (7) where (2m 0} + (2m 2a) + (2m: 2a) + (6m 0) + (m-0) + (ma) +(m-a) + (m= 20) tine imine mem mem (22a) + (2-2) + (2 0) + (G0) = (rn +a) + (m 2a) + (m0) + (ma) Bae Dnt In FGF Me ME MM eel In he coontinate system chosen above, the centre of mass i at point (3a, Ja) Remar ‘The coordinates you gt forthe centre of mass depend on how you sleet your coordinate system, and how you postion the square on the coordinate systom, However, the centre of mass will ‘always be in the sume position an the square: an the diagonal going from the im particle othe ‘opposite comer a the distance of 318 ofthe total length of the diagonal frm the partite? + Ifyou make any references to position vectors or postionlcoondinates of the particles or rods (and Ws dificult think of anyone solving this without doing so) you MUST show with diagram or otherwise explain your coordinate system! You wil love points otherwise. Remember ‘that postion vectors and coordinate points are meaningless ess you explain what they refer to: Where are the coordinate axes?) ‘Question 3:15 Marks A sold cylinder A with mass Mf and radius is suspended from a solid eylindee B lso with mass MY and radius R, whichis fee to route about its ais (ee the figure below). The suspension is inthe form of massless tape wound around the outside ofeach cylinder, and fee to unwind, as shown. Both liner are inayat rest. Find the inital aceleration of eylindo assuming that t moves straight down, Solution To answer the question, we will need to write down the relevant equations of motion: For rotation of both ofthe cylinders, and for the translation of eylinder A, The forces acting om the two eylinders [ignoring the ‘gravity and the nomal force acting on esinder B dey at at is centre, and therefore donot act the Fonation ofthat cinder] ace: The tension onthe rope. T, acing downwards along the tape on cylinder B and upwards along the tape on cylinder A; and eravty Mig acting downwards a the cette of elindr A.‘The fores acting onthe eynders will make cylinder B rotate clockwise about its fixed axis; while cylinder A will oat clockwise while simoltancously moving downwanis “Anvicipating thes ess, lt us decide do denote by 9 the angular acceleration of elder A ant byl the langoar acceleration of cylinder B, with both measured positive eloekwise. Fue, lt denote the linear ‘acceleration ofthe centre oF eylinder A, measured such tha its positive downwards. The forces, 36 wells the decisions an how to measure the accelerations, are indicate in thesteich below. z ‘Then the equations of motion ae RD = Tip, o AE = Tig, @ Mg-T = Mz oe Remember to cieck the signs ofthe forces, and match them with the way you chose to measure tings! “Here, for instance, we decided that # should be positive downisards, bur then we must remember that all, “downwards frces must alo be taken wih a postive sgn!) ere 1 is the rosment of icra ofthe (identical) eylinders as they rotate around their centres: since the cylinders are sod, we bave In equations (2) (3) there are 4 unknown quantities: T, 04, 6g and #, Since we only have 3 equations, we will neod one more condition, As wu, this is provided by 2“olling condition” linking # £0 8, and Bp, Namely the dsrnwaeds motion ofthe centr of eylinder A happens asa result ofthe ape moving down wards 25 i unravels fam eylinder B; plus more tape unravelling from cylinder A. The distance thatthe cente of ‘plinder 4 has dropped in» certain period of tine is the sum of irs the length of tape that has unraveled ftom cylinder Bin that ime, plus the length of tape that asin that time uoravelled from cylinder Aas that -ylinder oats. Therefore, we must have B= Rig + Rb 4 Note: f you cheose to measure any ofthe quanties ln any omer way. make sure to check the signs here!)‘APMI1612/2041/2019 [Now we ar ready to sole the equations (1) 10 (4). For instance. we can deduce from (that 6) (nthe exer han, ating up both sides of (1) and 2). we get 1 (c+ 40) aR ‘Substituting (5) inthis we get, eventually ‘Tre acceleration of elder A is 2, downwards Question 415 Marks (@) Give an example ofa 1wo particle system inthe XY plane (by specifying the masses, positions and velocities of particle I and panicle 2, such thatthe velocity ofthe centre of mass ofthe stem i er, but the toa angular momentum ofthe sjstem about the origin not zero 6x) (©) Which of the following statements are te, anid which are false? Justify your aeswerst () Whe kinetic energy ofa system is 270, then no forces at onthe syste e%) Gd) forces act ona system, then the tot mechanical energy ofthe system is zero, (2%) (ity 1h no conserve forces atom a system, then the kinetic energy ofthe system is 20 2%) (ie) Ifthe velocity ofthe centre of mas ofa sytem 20, then the total Kinetic energy ofthe system is also equal te zero, 0%) (0 tethe velocity ofthe centre of mass ofa system snot equal to zero, then the total Kinetic emery ofthe system also not equal 020, 2%) ‘Solution (@) For instance, we ould select Panicle 1. mass = ont, Partick 2, mass = mrThe velocity ofthe conte of mass eo, but the angular momentum sequal to k= hth (44) x m (3) + (-0 * m (43) = -2mk Wich is on-zero (©) @) “Wete kinetic enegy ofa system i er, then no forces at onthe system.” FALSE: If tbe kinetic energy is 207, then there 1 no mexion inthe system (eloctes and angular velocities are all 2:0) bu that does not mean that no forces et on the system. Fis, Kinetic energy (and ence ‘eocities) being zo doesnot ule eu noa-2ero acceleration ofa system (or instance, dropped “Object starsat ot, with zero inital Kinetic enerey, unlit starts 19 move). Seconds ven if ‘scceleration wa alo ero, tha also would no neces iply that wo flores act. the sytem, Iejust means that forces cancel out, (i) "To forces act ema system, then the total mechanical energy ofthe system is ze," FALSE: Even ifm fores act ona particle (for iastance), can sill move a constant velocity, and hence have anon 20 kinetic ener. (iy “I 00 conservaive forces act on a system, then the kinetic energy ofthe system is ze." FALSE: The reasoning in i) above applies. Also, even if no conservative forces act on a system, now conservative forces can still act on it 0 there can be non-zero acceleration, not t0 mention ton 210 velocity! iv) “Ih te velocity ofthe centre of mass ofa system is zero, then the tal kinetic energy of the system is aso equal to zero." FALSE. There could sil be non-zero rotational enersy (since the object can rotate asourits entre of ma), (6) “Ifthe velocity of he centre of mas of system sno equal er, then the total kine enerey ofthe system sao not gual 220." TRUE. The translational par of the kinetic energy equals ke bare soif R40 then this strctly postive, and therefore the total kinetic enery (consisting of his sn also possibly snother postive value Fom rotational kinetic energy) canno be zero, [Vales ‘of course, the otal mast ofthe system, M, is zero as well!) Question S: 15 Marks {sod cylinder (mass Mf, rus , length ) rolls without slipping along the top ofa horizontal ble with ‘constant angular veuwty 1 What i the taal kinetic energy ofthe elindee? What proportion wf the total kinetic energy is due to otaton and whe proportion i due t tansation? Solution Since the motion here is a combination of rotation and wanslaton he ttl kinetic energy is given by Lytle? we = baie Li‘AMIN612:204/172019, were isthe vy the cen feeling and the anal eli. Weave baw Ie = Ate x 2 Als tele ole witout sping ten B= (9) =P 50, we get 1 Ke = Luray Me) Sua, Sart The irs term, 4M, for transations andthe second. Mui for rotation, so the proportion ee ‘of the rots due to rotation, andthe rest, ofthe toa. is due to translation “Question 6:15 Marks ‘Two diss A and B ae fixed on a wall in the postions shown, such that each disc rotates frecly about a ‘horizontal axis trough its entre, The vertical distance between the centes of A and Bish. Dise A has mass $M and dius 2R, and dsc B has mass M and radius R.A tpe is wound around disc, then asses around dis B, anda its other end isatlached wa weight C of mass ntl the centre of mass af weight ‘Civ level withthe cente of ise A, and C’is then released. Use the energy mth to find the vertical ‘elocty of C when it has dropped the distance —— Seaton ‘According tthe principle of energy conservation, the gain in Kinetic energy must equal the losin potentialenergy, Initially the system a rest At the final tage, both cylinders A and Bare rotating and the mass C is moving downwards, Therefore, the inkl and ial Kinetic energie are KE, = 0, 1 fag ara elias KE = lady + 5 log + Se were I and ae the moments of neta for dises A and B, and, bp are their angular velit. If we select the zero enery level such tha inthe inital position te potential energy ofthe entire system is 2210 then Pky =0 and PEs = ~mar {Note that since the discsare fixed at heir centres, only the mass C will change its poental energy!) ‘Therefore, the energy conservation principle els ws hat We nus have Leaded a labs Fla + frm? = ma. 0 ‘The moments of neta ae know: i = Laaner?, i Ip = 3M. Finally, there ia link betveen b4, 89 and v. we must have = 2Rig, v= Rl a4 dent RR [Since we are going t0 tke the squares of these values ansvay the signs here ar ivelevont! Bar for the sake of practice: this holds if te positive downwards, By is postive clockwise, and &, ts positive ‘coumterclochwise) (Once we subsite al dese values into). we see get the equation 4 (aan an) (35) } (He) (2) de? mgt Ariane $M +2) = mgd (= 10APMI612/208/1/2019 ‘Question 7:15 Marks ‘A disc with radius and mass fe to rotate of verti plane abou an axis though point on its rm. “Assumethere isn ection, Inially these is eld at rest so thatthe centre ofthe die, Gide above A, The diss then release. () Calevlate the moment of inertia of the dse for rotation abou point A, (8% (0) Detemmine the size ofthe angular velocity when ACs horizontal my ‘Solution (@) Let, be the moment of inertia for rotation about an axis through A, perpendicular tothe dis. The ais parallel to an axis through, perpendicular othe dis, andthe distance between these two axis ise. We know thatthe moment of inertia for ration about the axis through Gis 1 fo~ A Me Jon bat By paral axis theorem we get therefore aterm? Le ee 302 @.- ves Initially the centre of mass G isthe distance r above the zero energy lve. Thus, he inal penal ceneray is (©) Initia position PE, = +Mar. ‘The ise inti at est, 0 When AG is horizontak: "2 [Now G is atthe zero energy level, so that PE,= The subindexbrfers the “horizontal” position!) 1 he angular velocity of roaton atthe moment when AG is horizontal is denoted by 8 then the 3(Gue)e ‘The system is conserva, and therefore the sum of kinetic and potential energies s constant. IF we ‘set the eneyges in ) andi) to be equal, we get, KE, ee Sayae. it Te hy San Ppt KEy = PE+ KE, 3 ape (a)? Moro = 0+ 202 (i) Sue = Mor We can solve the angular velocity from this: wo