Challenges and Opportunities of 4P's Grantees in the Malaybalay City

Grety V. Fabricante

Waysly T. Cubayan

Jessa T. Fabores

Arielle P. Alvarez

Cristine B. Redira

Grade 11- Emilio Aguinaldo

Submitted to the research teacher of Bukidnon National High School,

Division of Malaybalay City, In partial fulfilment of

the requirements for the subject

May 2023

Chapter 2

Literature Review

Mandates and legal basis

The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P's) is a social

protection program of the Philippine government that provides

conditional cash transfers to poor households to improve their health,

nutrition, and education. The legal basis for the 4P's is Republic Act No.

11310, also known as the "Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program Act,"

which was signed into law on April 17, 2019. This law institutionalized

the 4Ps and provides the legal framework for its implementation. The

program is also supported by several executive orders, including

Executive Order No. 867, which created the National Advisory Council for

the 4P's, and Executive Order No. 841, which directed the Department of

Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) to develop and implement a

comprehensive social protection program that includes the 4Ps.

Furthermore, the 4P's is mandated by the Philippine Development

Plan (PDP) 2017-2022, which aims to reduce poverty and promote

inclusive growth. The PDP includes the 4P's as a key strategy for poverty

reduction and human capital development. Overall, the 4P's is grounded

provide the legal and institutional framework for its implementation and

continuity.

Theories and concepts

The program is grounded in the human development approach,

which emphasizes the importance of investing in people's capabilities to

improve their well-being. The program's objectives are aligned with the

Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's), particularly SGD 1 (No Poverty)

and SGD 4 (Quality Education).

Social Protection. According to Barrientos, (2020). Social Protection

refers to the ability of social protection systems to adjust and respond to

changing needs and risks faced by individuals and households. In the

context of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program, this theory

highlights the program's flexibility to adapt its interventions based on

evolving circumstances. It recognizes that social protection programs

should be designed to address not only current vulnerabilities but also

anticipate and respond to emerging challenges. Social Protection

emphasizes the importance of monitoring and evaluation to inform policy

adjustments and ensure the program's effectiveness.

Conditional Cash Transfer. According to Duflo and Banerjee,

(2021). Behavioral Economics explores how human behavior and

the context of conditional cash transfers (CCTs), this theory suggests

that individuals' responses to cash incentives can be influenced by

behavioral factors such as cognitive biases, social norms, and peer

effects. Understanding these behavioral factors can help policymakers

optimize the design of CCT programs like 4P's. By considering the

behavioral aspects of cash transfers, policymakers can enhance the

program's impact by aligning incentives, leveraging social norms, and

addressing behavioral barriers to participation.

According to Sen, (2014). The Capability Approach, focuses on

individuals' freedom to achieve valuable functioning and well-being. It

emphasizes that development should not be solely measured by income

or material wealth but should consider people's capabilities and

freedoms to live the lives they value. In the context of the Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program, the Capability Approach underscores the

importance of providing cash transfers as a means to expand the

opportunities and choices available to individuals and families. The

program aims to enhance the capabilities of beneficiaries by alleviating

poverty, improving access to education and healthcare, and promoting

social inclusion.

Sustainable Development Goals. According to Raworth, (2023).

Transformative Pathways to Sustainable Development refers to a holistic

and regenerative approach to development that integrates social,

interconnectedness of these dimensions and the need to move beyond

traditional growth-oriented development models. In the context of the

Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's), including those addressed by

the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program, this theory highlights the

importance of pursuing sustainable and inclusive development that

respects planetary boundaries, promotes social equity, and fosters

ecological resilience. It encourages transformative changes in policies,

institutions, and practices to achieve long-term sustainability and well-

being.

Overall, this theory suggests that the program should align with

the broader sustainable development goals of the country. By

considering the social and environmental impacts of the program, it can

contribute to a more inclusive and sustainable development pathway,

ensuring that the benefits reach not only the current generation but also

future generations. These theories and concepts provide frameworks for

understanding and designing social protection programs such as 4P's in

a way that maximizes their impact, responsiveness, and sustainability.

By incorporating these ideas into policy and implementation,

governments can enhance the effectiveness of such programs and

improve the well-being of their citizens.

Studies Conducted
 Several studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact of the

4P's program on poverty reduction and human development outcomes.

These studies have found that the program has been effective in

increasing school enrollment and attendance, improving health

outcomes, and reducing poverty. However, there are also challenges that

need to be addressed, such as targeting error, administrative

inefficiencies, and issues related to compliance monitoring.

Demographic Profile of 4P's Grantees in Malaybalay City. This

study focuses on providing a description of the demographic

characteristics of the beneficiaries of the 4P's program in Malaybalay

City. It involves analyzing data related to the age, gender, educational

level, household composition, and socioeconomic status of the program's

grantees. By understanding the demographic profile of the beneficiaries,

policymakers and researchers can gain insights into the specific needs

and challenges faced by different segments of the population and tailor

the program accordingly.

Impact of 4P's on Poverty Reduction and Human Development

Outcomes. This study examines the effects of the 4P's program on

poverty reduction and various indicators of human development

outcomes. Studies evaluating the impact of the program assess factors

such as school enrollment and attendance rates, healthcare utilization,

nutrition, and household income levels among the beneficiaries. The goal

is to measure how the program has contributed to reducing poverty and

households.

Compliance with Conditionalities. Conditionalities are specific

requirements that 4P's beneficiaries must meet to continue receiving

cash transfers. This study focuses on examining the level of compliance

among beneficiaries in fulfilling these conditions. Conditionalities often

include requirements related to health check-ups, immunizations, school

attendance, and family development sessions. Assessing compliance

helps determine the effectiveness of the program in encouraging

beneficiaries to engage in behaviors that promote their own well-being

and human development.

Challenge and Opportunities Identified in Previous Studies. This

study highlights the challenges and opportunities that have been

identified in previous research and evaluations of the 4P's program. It

addresses issues such as targeting errors, administrative inefficiencies,

and problems with compliance monitoring. These challenges provide

insights into areas that need improvement to enhance the effectiveness

and efficiency of the program. Additionally, the identified opportunities

may suggest potential strategies for optimizing the program's impact and

achieving better outcomes.

Methodology. The methodology section of a study on the challenges

and opportunities of 4P's grantees in Malaybalay City describes the

research design, data collection methods, and analytical techniques used

survey instruments, and statistical methods employed to gather and

analyze information. The methodology section ensures transparency and

replicability, allowing other researchers to understand how the study was

conducted.

Findings. This study presents the key findings of the study

conducted in Malaybalay City regarding the challenges and opportunities

faced by the beneficiaries of the 4P's program. The findings may include

insights into the effectiveness of the program in achieving its objectives,

the specific challenges experienced by the grantees, and the potential

opportunities for improvement and innovation. These findings contribute

to the knowledge base on the 4P's program and inform policymakers and

program implementers about the areas that require attention and

intervention to enhance the program's impact.

Insight

This study found that while the 4P's program has provided

significant financial assistance to poor househols in Malaybalay City, it

also faced several challenges. Despite these challenges, the study also

found that the 4P's program has created several opportunities for

grantees, including increased access to healthcare services and improved

education outcomes for their children.

the 4P's program in Malaybalay City needs improvement in terms of

program coverage. This implies that there may be eligible households

that are not currently benefiting from the program. It suggests the

importance of reaching out to a larger number of eligible households to

ensure that the program's benefits are accessible to those who need them

the most. Improving program coverage can contribute to a more effective

poverty reduction strategy.

Compliance with Conditionalities is Crucial. This study

emphasized the significance of compliance with the conditionalities set

by the 4P's program. Conditionalities are intended to encourage

behaviors that promote human development, such as regular health

check-ups, school attendance, and family development sessions.

Ensuring compliance with these requirements is crucial to maximizing

the impact of the program. It is important for program implementers to

design effective mechanisms for monitoring and supporting beneficiaries

in meeting these conditions.

Challenges Faced by 4P's Grantees. This study identified various

challenges faced by the grantees of the 4P's program. These challenges

may include administrative inefficiencies, targeting errors, difficulties in

accessing program benefits, or insufficient support services.

Understanding and addressing these challenges are essential to enhance

and program implementers can ensure that the program effectively

supports households in overcoming poverty and improving their human

development outcomes.

Potential Impact of the Program. Despite the challenges faced, the

study found that the 4P's program has the potential to make a significant

impact on the lives of the grantees. The financial assistance provided by

the program has played a crucial role in alleviating poverty among the

participating households. Additionally, the program has created

opportunities for beneficiaries, such as increased access to healthcare

services and improved education outcomes for their children. These

findings highlight the positive effects of the program and its potential to

contribute to poverty reduction and human development in Malaybalay

City.

Opportunities Created by the Program. This study also identified

several opportunities created by the 4P's program. These opportunities

include improved access to healthcare services, increased enrollment and

attendance in schools, and enhanced social inclusion for the

beneficiaries. By providing financial assistance and support services, the

program has empowered households to overcome barriers and improve

their overall well-being. These opportunities indicate the potential for the
program to create positive and lasting change in the lives of the grantees,

leading to improved human development outcomes.

Overall, the study provides insights into the challenges faced by

the 4P's program in Malaybalay City while also highlighting its potential

impact and the opportunities it creates. Understanding these insights

can inform policy decisions and program improvements to further

enhance the program's effectiveness in reducing poverty and improving

human development outcomes.