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Lab 4

The document discusses impedance measurements for resistive-inductive and resistive-capacitive circuits. It provides equations to calculate impedance based on measured voltage and current values. Experimental data tables show measured and calculated impedance values for series and parallel R-L and R-C combinations. Real and reactive power values are also presented. Resonance is described as the condition where inductive and capacitive reactances cancel, resulting in only real power flow.

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Md Nazmul
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32 views

Lab 4

The document discusses impedance measurements for resistive-inductive and resistive-capacitive circuits. It provides equations to calculate impedance based on measured voltage and current values. Experimental data tables show measured and calculated impedance values for series and parallel R-L and R-C combinations. Real and reactive power values are also presented. Resonance is described as the condition where inductive and capacitive reactances cancel, resulting in only real power flow.

Uploaded by

Md Nazmul
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THEORY: For a combination or resistive, inductive and capacitive load, the impedance is summation of real and reactive part.

If the voltage across the load is V' and current through the load is I' then impedance is given by,

Now, we assume, V' = Vejv = Vv = V(cosv+jsinv)

I'

= Ieji = Ii = I(cosi+Jsini)

Then impedance my given by,

Z'

=
=

= (v i) = Z, where Z = and = v i

= v i is called power factor angle or impedance angle. By measuring V&I through voltmeter and ammeter and through power-factor meter, Impedance Z'can be calculated. In case of measuring power, apparent power is given by

S'

= V'I'* = V I = Vejv Ie-ji = Viej(v


i)

= VI(v i) = VI{cos(v i)+ jsin(v i)} = VIcos(v i) + jVIsin(v i) = VIcos + jVIsin = P + jQ Where, P Q & S2 S = = = = Real Power = VIcos Reactive Power = V I s i n P2 + Q2

In the combination of R, L, C circuit when Reactive inductance & Reactive capacitance may cancel each other for a certain value of L and R. When this situation does occur, only the Real power exists and no reactive power is found. For such combination power factor is 1. This situation is known as resonance. By varying L & C a resonance condition is tuned. R L C

R+ZL+ZC = R + j

= R + (jX L)+( jXC) = R + j(X L XC)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
A

ZL

Figure: Measuring Impedance.

ZL

ZL

Figure: For Series R-L Load

Figure: For Parallel R-L Load

ZL

ZL

Figure: For Series R-C Load

Figure: For Parallel R-C Load

ZL

L C

Figure: For Resonance

EXPERIMENTAL DATA:

R 480 800 1200 2000

L 1.5 2.5 3.8 7.6

V 200 210 212 215

I 0.24 0.15 0.10 0.06

cos cos32 cos28 cos18 cos12

Experimental Z Z 833.33 32 1400 28 2120 18 3583.33 12

Theoretical Z Z 672.66 44.47 1121.10 44.47 1692.68 44.85 3114.59 50.05

Real Power VIcos 40.706 27.813 20.162 12.618

Reactive Power VIsin 5.436 14.788 6.551 2.682

Table: For Series R-L Combination

R 480 800 1200 2000

L 1.5 2.5 3.8 7.6

V 200 201 210 218

I 0.67 0.40 0.30 0.17

cos cos31 cos31 cos34 cos29

Experimental Z Z 298.51 31 502.5 31 700 34 1282.35 29

Theoretical Z Z 336.271 45.53 560.452 45.53 846.330 45.15 1533.18 39.95

Real Power VIcos 114.86 68.92 52.23 32.41

Reactive Power VIsin 69.015 41.41 35.23 17.97

Table: For Parallel R-L Combination

R 480 800 1200 2000

C 8 4 2.5 1.5

V 220 210 208 205

I 0.77 0.42 0.26 0.16

cos cos28 cos32 cos34 cos27

Experimental Z Z 285.714 28 500 32 800 34 1281.25 27

Theoretical Z Z 480 -0 800 -0 1200 -0 2000 -0

Real Power VIcos 149.571 74.798 44.834 29.225

Reactive Power VIsin 79.53 46.739 30.241 14.890

Table: For Series R-C Combination

R 480 800 1200 2000

C 8 4 2.5 1.5

V 203 203 200 200

I 0.34 0.20 0.12 0.07

cos cos35 cos36 cos24 cos11

Experimental Z Z 597.06 35 1015 36 1666.67 24 2857.14 11

Theoretical Z Z 0.0008 -90 0.0016 -90 0.0025 -90 0.0042 -90

Real Power VIcos 56.54 32.85 21.93 13.743

Reactive Power VIsin 39.59 23.86 9.762 2.671

Table: For Parallel R-C Combination

DISCUSSION: In this experiment we have find out theoretical and experimental value of Z for different R-L and R-C Combination. And we also find out the real and reactive power for that combination.

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