SOLUMN MATHEMATICS

MODULE 1: Welcome to the Abstract World

Quick Activity:
1. What comes into your mind when you heard the world “Abstract?”
2. How is Abstract related to mathematics?
3. Differentiate the word “Abstract” and “Concrete”

Pre-Learn
What have you realized in the Quick Activity? How can Abstract be in Math? It’s simple! Abstract is a
thought and an idea with no formal pattern and with no concrete existence. In math, Abstract is related to
word “Symbols with no value”.

Module Proper
Algebra is one of the broad parts in mathematics with an abstract value in an essence of a number. Did you
know? Al-Khwarizmi is the father of Algebra and considered one of the Greatest Mathematicians before.
Let’s start off with easy, Algebra has missing terms. Variables are symbols with unknown value. So we have
to find the unknown value of it.

Example #1:
x + 3 = 10
Let’s reverse each equation. Since the operation is addition. We will subtract.
10 – 3 = x
7=x
Let’s check if 7 is the unknown value!
7 + 3 = 10
There we found an missing value!

Example no.2
6y = 48
Divide 48 by 6
48/6 = 8
Let’s Check!
6(8) = 48
Keep in mind that if a variable is next to a constant, It means the variable and the constant is multiplied.

Activity no.1:
Direction: Find the missing values of each variable
1. y + 15 = 30 y = _______
2. 9x = 63 x = _______
3. x/7 = 21 x = _______
4. 8 – x = -6 x = _______
5. 2y – 8 = 5y y = _______
The Basics of Algebra

Basic operations of Algebra:

1. Addition: x + y
2. Subtraction: x – y
3. Multiplication: xy
𝑥
4. Division: x/y or
𝑦
Basics Algebra Formula:
a2 – b2 = (a – b)(a+b)
(a+b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
a2 + b2 = (a – b)2 + 2ab
(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
(a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc
(a – b – c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 – 2ab – 2ac + 2bc
(a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3
(a – b)3 = a3 - 3a2b + 3ab2 - b3
x2 + (a + b) x + ab = (x - a)(x - b)
Basic rules of Algebra:
1. The Symmetry Rule
2. The commutative Rule
3. The Inverse of Adding
4. Zero rules

1. The Symmetry Rule is a rule that states that if a = b then b = a. It means in any equation, we may
exchange the sides.
Example:
6 = 7 then 7 = 6
2. The commutative rule is a rule that states that if a + b = b + a or ab = ba
It means that it follows that any finite sum or product is unaltered by reordering its terms or factors
Example:
6 + 7 = 13
7 + 6 = 13

6(7) = 42
7(6)= 42

3. The inverse of Adding rule is a rule states that a + (-a) = (-a) + a = 0 if this rule is applied, it undoes the
operation.
Example:
5 + 4 + (-4)
=5+0
=5
4. The Zero Rule states that if 0 is added to any number. 0 therefore is called Identity of addition
Example:
3+0=0+3=3
Or
a+0=0+a=a

The Algebraic Sentence

Algebraic Sentence has Different parts see the example below

5𝑥 2 + 7 = √2

In that algebraic sentence, x is an variable because it has an unknown value. Variable is not consistent or
having a field of pattern. Meanwhile, 7 and √2 is considered as an constant. Constant has an numerical value.
It cannot be changed in the algebraic sentence. We can consider it as Independent, unlike in variable; its
numerical value is unknown. 5 in the sentence is called an coefficient. Coefficient is an constant multiplied by
an variable, unlike constant it changes its value. 2 raised to 5x is called exponent. Exponent refers to number
times a number raised to itself. Like In the sentence, x is raised to 2 we can write is as (x)(x). 5x2, 7, √2 is
called a term. Term is a single mathematic expression. It may be a single number, a variable, a constant, a
coefficient, a positive or negative number.

5x2 + 7 is called an expression. Expression is a set of terms combined using operations +,-,x,/. √2 can
also be considered as an expression because it is the answer. If we mixed all of the Expressions in the sentence
including the equal sign, It’s called an equation. Equation is mixed of an expression with equal signs on it. In
the equation we have the addend, the sum, the plus sign, the equal sign. We can call it an equation.

Polynomials
An Algebraic expression where all variables are expressed with non-negative integer exponents is called
Polynomials
Example:
8y2 – 7
Since the exponent is positive we can call it an Polynomial
Example 2:
6p-7 – 25
Since the exponent is negative this is NOT a polynomial

Polynomials is classified according to the number of terms

Polynomials with:
One term = Monomial
Two terms = Binomial
Three terms = Trinomial
More than 3 terms =Polynomial
Example:
5m3 – 89 + 4x
We have 3 terms so it’s a Trinomial
Activity no. 2:
Direction: Tell if it’s a polynomial or not. If it is a polynomial, write its classification.
1. 3x4 – 5y
2.4x𝑦21
3. -100n
4. 4n + 6xz + 7yx – 4pq
5. 45-8 5ry

Degree of Polynomials
Degree of Polynomials is the degree of the highest exponent in a term combined.
Example:
9m2 + 8yz2 – 7z2
The highest degree is 2, but we can notice 8yz2 has another variable multiplied. So it will be 2 + 1 = 3
(because the exponent of y is 1)

Remember me!
1. If a number has no variable the exponent of the variable is 0
Example
4 = a0

2. Any variable with no exponent, the exponent is automatically 1

Example:
4c = 4c1

3. Any variable multiplied by each other can be interchanged

Example:
5yx = 5xy

4. Any negative variable can be inform of fraction

Example:
𝟏
6-y =
𝟔𝒚

5. Any terms with multiplication of variables. They always have to go together

Example
5x2y = 5yx2
Take note: Put the variable raised to 1 before the second
Quiz it! Score:_________
Test A: 5 questions, Difficulty: EASY
Direction: Write √ if the statement is right. Write X if not
______1.3 x 3 can be written as an exponent
______2.Terms has multiple mathematic expressions
______3.If 0 is added to a number, the answer is the addend
______4.Algebra is considered as “Abstract” in mathematics
______5.Aristotle is the Father of Algebra

Test B: 5 questions, Difficulty: MEDIUM

Direction: Solve the equation!
6. 3n + 4n – 2 = 61 n = _______
7. (42)(62) = = _______
98
8. = 14 x = _______
𝑥
9. (74 – 32)2 = _______
10. x2 – 6x + 8 = 0 x = _______

Test C: 11 questions, Difficulty; HARD

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Circle the correct answer
11. Which of the following is a product of a monomial and binomial?
a. monomial
b. binomial
c. trinomial
d. none of these

12. Which of the following is binomial?

a. 8a
b. 7xy
c. 3(a+b)
d. x2 + 3y – 2

13. Which of the statements is not true?

a. a2 – b2 = (a – b)(a + b)
b. (a – b – c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab – 2ac – 2bc
c. (y)(y) = y2
d. 12 + 6 + (-6) = 12 + 0 = 12

14. Which of the following is equivalent to 43?

a. 25
b. 34
c.26
d. 35
15.Which of the following is equivalent to (22 + 32)3?
a. 223 + 323
b. 523
c. 43 + 93
d. 133

16. What is the degree of the polynomial x3 – 10xy + x4

a. 3
b. 4
c. 7
d. 9

17. Identify the polynomial in the equation:

1
a. 5𝑥 − 6𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 +
78𝑥𝑦
−2
b. 8𝑚𝑚 + √225

6 1
c. − sin 9 + √sin
6𝑦

4
d. √2 + 6 – 17yxn
4

18. What is the exponent of the variable of (4)?

a. 3
b. 5
c. 0
d. 1

19. Define the rule of “commutative rule”

a. it is a rule that states that if a + b = b + a or ab = ba
It means that it follows that any finite sum or product is unaltered by reordering its terms or factors
b. it is a rule states that a + (-a) = (-a) + a = 0 if this rule is applied, it undoes the operation.
c. it is a rule that states that if a = b then b = a. It means in any equation, we may exchange the sides.
d. it states that if 0 is added to any number. 0 therefore is called Identity of addition

20. Multiply (5)(x)(y)(z2)

a. 5xzy2
b. 5z2xy
c. 5xyz2
d. 25xzy

21. 3x + 6mn + 8pqr is an example of?

a. monomial
b. binomial
c. trinomial
d. polynomial
Test D: 30 questions, Difficulty MEDIUM
Direction: Fill the tables with correct answers
Note: Put “NONE” if there is no applicable answers

Algebraic Constant Variable Exponents Polynomial Type of Degree

Expression of the or not? Polynomial
variable
8x3y +2 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.
3x - √𝑦 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.
1 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39.
3x +
2𝑦
8x2 – 5x + 2 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
5x5 – 3xxy 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.

Test E: 4 questions, Difficulty: EASY

Direction: Fill the following

All the basic rules of Algebra

52.
53.
54.
55.

Classify each if it is Monomial, Binomial, Trinomial, or Polynomial

56. 4pq4 – 5y
57. 56z
58. 8v4 + 8pv6 – 12vv5

Identify the Degree of Polynomial

59. 9v4yx + 7xy5
60. 7mm6 – 7pqr7

Solumn Mathematics @2021

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Thank you!