HKDSE 2019 Chemistry Paper 2

Q.1 & Q.3

Focus areas
• Basic chemical knowledge
• Experimental work
• Effective communication
• Calculations
• Unknown Deduction
• Unfamiliar Context
Basic Chemical Knowledge
• Question 1(a)(i)
… why … Haber process … crop yield ?
Expected
Haber process produces ammonia … fertilisers
Comments:
 two-thirds of the candidates were able to
suggest the ammonia produced from the Haber
process can be used to manufacture fertilisers
contributing to an increase in crop yield.
Basic Chemical Knowledge
• Question 1(a)(i)
Better mention NH3 production
Exemplars:
Version A:

Version B: [較佳]
Basic Chemical Knowledge
• 1. (a) (ii) (1)
… chemical equation … for … syngas from
methane
• Expected:
CH4 + H2O  CO + 3H2
• Comments:
 two-thirds of the candidates were able to
write the chemical equation
Basic Chemical Knowledge
• 1. (a) (ii) (2)
Syngas … from … biomass. … why … advancement
of the methanol production technology.
Expected:
Biomass is a renewable energy resource.
Comments:
 a third of candidates were able to suggest
biomass as a renewable energy resource .
Basic Chemical Knowledge
• 1. (a) (iii)

Trial [A(aq)] / mol dm-3 [B(aq)] / mol dm-3 Initial rate / mol dm-3 s-1
1 0.0836 0.202 0.26 x 10-4
…2order w.r.t.
0.0836A(aq) and … B(aq).
0.404 1.04 x 10-4
3 0.0418 0.404 0.52 x 10-4
• Expected:
Trial 3 & Trial 2: [A] doubles, initial rate doubles => 1st order
w.r.t. A(aq).
Trial 1 & Trial 2: [B] doubles, initial rate four times => 2nd
order w.r.t. B(aq).
Basic Chemical Knowledge
• 1. (a)(iii)
Comments:
– A very high proportion of candidates were able to
deduce the respective order of reaction to A(aq)
and B(aq)
Basic Chemical Knowledge
• 1. (b)(ii)
NaOCl … from products … Write a chemical equation for
its formation
• Expected:
Cl2(g) + 2NaOH(aq) 
NaCl(aq) + NaOCl(aq) + H2O(l)
• Comments:
 a third of the candidates were able to write the
chemical equation for the production of sodium
hypochlorite
Basic Chemical Knowledge
• 1. (b) (ii) Exemplars:
• Version A:

• Version B:

• Version C: [Better]
Basic Chemical Knowledge
• 1. (b) (iii) …
NaOCl + 2NH3  H2NNH2 + NaCl + H2O (I)
H2O2 + 2NH3  H2NNH2 + 2H2O (II)
… calculating … atom economy …which … greener?
• Expected:
Reaction (I) = 32/108.5 = 29.5%
Reaction (II) = 32 / 68 = 47.1%
Reaction (II) is greener as it has a higher atom
economy.
Basic Chemical Knowledge
• Comments:
 three quarters of the candidates were able to
calculate the respective atom economy of
Reactions (I) and (II) and use the result to
determine which of them can be considered as
greener
Basic Chemical Knowledge
• Exemplars: 錯誤使用了NaCl式量

• Version A:
 Use ALL
Basic Chemical Knowledge the
formula
• Version B: masses of
reactants
and
products
Basic Chemical Knowledge
• Version C: [較佳]
Basic Chemical Knowledge
• 1. (c) (i) State one feedstock for CaCO3(s).
• Expected:
limestone / marble or any suitable mineral
• Comments:
 half of the candidates were able to state a
feedstock such as limestone for CaCO3(s)
Basic Chemical Knowledge
• 3. (a) (ii)
… solvents should dissolve the organic
compounds … State one other property …
solvents …
• Expected:
Immiscible with water / low b.p. / easily evaporate
• Comments:
 a third of the candidates were able to suggest a
property of the solvent such as its high volatility
Basic Chemical Knowledge
• 3.(a) (iii)
Chemical test to distinguish:
Basic Chemical Knowledge
• 3. (a) (iii)
• Expected:
Reagent: Heating with Tollen’s reagent
Observation: Only A gives silver mirror.
• Comments:
 two thirds of the candidates were able to describe a
chemical test to distinguish compounds A and B. Some
candidates wrongly used acidified sodium dichromate
solution to distinguish the two compounds despite both
having the oxidisable hydroxyl group
Oxidisable hydroxyl
group
Basic Chemical Knowledge
• Exemplars:
• Version A:

• Version B [較佳] 正確試劑

正確觀察
Basic Chemical Knowledge
• 3. (c) (iii) … dioxins …
(1) … why …. need … measure dioxin …
• Expected:
Dioxin causes cancer / is toxic.
• Comments:
 two thirds of the candidates were able to
suggest that there is a need to measure dioxin
levels as dioxin is toxic.
Basic Chemical Knowledge
• 3. (c) (iii) … dioxins …
(2) …dioxin levels…using modern instrumentation
• Expected:
Accurate and sensitive
• Comments:
 a quarter of the candidates were able to
suggest that modern instrumentation is more
able to measure low levels of dioxin
Basic Chemical Knowledge
• Exemplars:
• Version A:


Better state clearly modern

instrumentation is more
sensitive to low levels of dioxin
Basic Chemical Knowledge
• Version B:

(1)沒有明確說明有毒或致癌
(2)答非所問
Basic Chemical Knowledge
• Version C: [Better]
Focus areas
• Basic chemical knowledge
• Experimental work
• Effective communication
• Calculations
• Unknown Deduction
• Unfamiliar Context
Experimental work
• 3. (b) (ii)
Draw … set-up … in titration, labelling all …
• Expected:
Correct labelling:
Burette,
conical flask,
KSCN(aq),
acidified bacon sample
with AgNO3(aq)
Experimental Work
• Comments:
 two thirds of the candidates were able to
draw a labelled diagram to be used in the
titration. Some candidates failed to draw the
stopcock and some candidates wrongly used a
beaker instead of a conical flask
Experimental Work:
• Version A:
1) 活栓位置不正確
2) KSCN?
Experimental Work
• Version B:

Without
labelling the
apparatus
Experimental Work
1) 沒有活栓
• Version C: 2) 使用了疑似燒杯物體
代替錐形瓶進行滴定
Experimental Work
• Version D: [Better]
Experimental Work
• 3. (c) (i) … TLC..
(1) … why chromatography … separate a
mixture.
• Expected:
• Because different substances have different
adsorptivity to the stationary phase and different
solubility in mobile phase
[Concept of a property difference and involving 2
different phases]
Experimental Work
• Comments:
Just below half of the candidates were able to
explain the separation of a mixture by
chromatography in terms of different solubility
and adsorptivity of the components in the
mobile phase and stationary phase.
Experimental Work
• Exemplars:
• Version A:

• Version B: Lack of concept of different

phases
Experimental Work
• Version C: [Better]

Has the concept of a

difference in a property
and 2 phases
Experimental Work
• 3. (c) (i)
(2) … result in TLC, suggest a method …
separate a large amount …
• Expected:
Column chromatography
• Comments:
Just below half of the candidates were able to
suggest column chromatography to separate a
large amount of the mixture
Focus areas
• Basic chemical knowledge
• Experimental work
• Effective communication
• Calculations
• Unknown Deduction
• Unfamiliar Context
Effective Communication
• 1. (b) (i)
With the help of chemical equations, briefly describe how
hydrogen, chlorine and sodium hydroxide are produced in a
membrane electrolytic cell.
• Expected:
Raw material: brine / conc. NaCl as electrolyte
Chemical equations:
2Cl-(aq)  Cl2(g) + 2e-
2H2O(l) + 2e-  H2(g) + 2OH-(aq)
Function of membrane
Membrane is permeable to cations but not anions and sodium
hydroxide is obtained in the cathode.
Effective Communication
• 1. (b) (i)
• Comments:
•  half of the candidates were able to describe
the production of hydrogen, chlorine and
sodium hydroxide in a membrane electrolytic
cell. Some candidates failed to give the raw
material and / or the two half equations in the
production of hydrogen and chlorine.
Effective Communication
• Exemplars: 正確化學方程式

• Version A:

正確陳述: 說明功能
如果能寫下
原料更佳
Effective Communication
• Version B:

1. 如果寫下產品(H2 & Cl2) 各自化學

方程式會較佳
2. 題目要求簡述
Effective Communication
Correct chemical equations
• Version C:
Raw material

Attempted to mention the function of membrane and how

NaOH is formed
Better: if the function of membrane and the position for
NaOH formation are mentioned more explicitly.
Effective Communication
• Version D: [較佳] 寫下原料

正確化學方程式

正確陳述: 說明功能
Focus areas
• Basic chemical knowledge
• Experimental work
• Effective communication
• Calculations
• Unknown Deduction
• Unfamiliar Context
Calculations
• 1. (c) (iv) The activation energy … 160 kJ mol-1.
Calculate the ratio of … rate constant at 1500 K
to … 1200 K …
• Expected:
1) Make use of Arrhenius
equation
2) Correct substitution of
data
3) Correct answer
Calculations
• Comments:
Just below half of the candidates were able to
calculate the ratio of the rate constant at 1500
K to the rate constant at 1200 K for the
decomposition of CaCO3(s). Some candidates
failed to use the Arrhenius equation in their
calculations.
Calculations
Without conversion of
• Exemplars: 160 kJ mol-1 to
• Version A: 160000 J mol-1
Calculations
• Version B: [較佳]
Calculations
• 3. (b) (iii) … sodium contents … 2.0 g … bacon …
… 2.50 cm3 of 1.0 M AgNO3(aq). … filtrate …
titrated with 0.10 M KSCN(aq) … mean volume
of the KSCN … 9.42 cm3.
Calculations
• Expected:
• No. of mole of KSCN(aq) = No. of mole of Ag+(aq)
left in the mixture = No. of mol of Ag+(aq) reacted
with KSCN(aq) = 0.1 x 0.00942
• No. of mol of AgCl formed
= 1.0 x 0.0025 – 0.1 x 0.00942 = 0.001558
• Percentage by mass of sodium
= (0.001558 x 23.0 / 2.0) x 100%
= 1.79%
Calculations
• Comments:
 half of the candidates were able to calculate
the percentage by mass of sodium in the bacon
sample
Calculations
• Exemplars:
• Version A:


Calculations
• Exemplars: Na = Cl?
• Version A:
Calculations
• Version B: [Better]
Calculations If write as sodium,
it will be better.
• Version B: [Better]
Focus areas
• Basic chemical knowledge
• Experimental work
• Effective communication
• Calculations
• Unknown Deduction
• Unfamiliar Context
Unknown Deduction
• 3. (a) (i) … relative molecular mass = 40.0 …
IR absorption peak at around 2150 cm-1
... deduce … structural formula … hydrocarbon.
• Expected:
2150 cm-1 in IR spectrum => CC
molecular mass = 40.0 => HCCCH3
Unknown Deduction
• Comments:
 three quarters of the candidates were able to
make use of the infra-red data and the relative
molecular mass to work out the possible
structural formula. Some candidates failed to
give the structural formula as HCCCH3.
Unknown Deduction
• 3. (c) (ii) … chlorine has … 35Cl and 37Cl.

Has to
make use
of these
data

Deduce a possible structure …

Unknown Deduction
• Expected:
m/z = 91: C6H5CH2+
m/z = 140: C6H5CH2CH235Cl+
m/z = 142: C6H5CH2CH237Cl+
Possible structure:
Unknown Deduction
• Comments:
Just below half of the candidates were able to
deduce the structure of the compound by
making use of the labelled peaks in the mass
spectrum provided. Some candidates failed to
recognise the m/z peaks corresponding to 140
and 142 are due to the presence of the two
isotopes of chlorine.
 Unknown Deduction
• Exemplars:
• Version A:

1) Indicate m/z peak 91 with the correct chemical species

2) Able to draw a possible structure of the compound.
3) Cannot show clearly the concept of isotopes for m/z
peaks 140 & 142.
Unknown Deduction
• Version B: [較佳]
Focus areas
• Basic chemical knowledge
• Question requirement
• Experimental work
• Calculations
• Unknown Deduction
• Unfamiliar Context
Unfamiliar Context
• 1. (c)
Unfamiliar Context
• 1. (c) (ii)
Explain why … C(s) and air … higher average
temperature in zone B than in zone A.
• Expected:
Carbon burns in air to produce heat.
• Comments:
Just below half of the candidates were able to
state the exothermic reaction between carbon and
air would result in a higher average temperature
in zone B than in zone A.
Unfamiliar Context
• Exemplars:
• Version A:

錯誤地運用
化學平衡
概念解釋
Unfamiliar Context
• Version B: [Better]
Unfamiliar Context
• (ii) … 1 atm. Give TWO reasons … higher …
pressure is not preferred.
• Expected:
High operation pressure needs high construction cost.
High operation pressure shifts the equilibrium position
to the left, decreasing the yield.
• Comments:
about two thirds of the candidates were able to give
two reasons in terms of cost and equilibrium position to
account for not using a higher operation pressure.
Unfamiliar Context
• Exemplars:
• Version A:

Better also explain in

terms of the shift of
equilibrium position
Unfamiliar Context
• Version B: [Better]
Unfamiliar Context
• 1. (c) (v) … chemical equilibrium, … decomposition
of CaCO3(s) … zone B.
• Expected:
Higher temperature shifts the equilibrium position
to the right, increasing the yield.
• Comments:
 half of the candidates were able to suggest why
the decomposition of CaCO3(s) mainly occurs in
zone B
Unfamiliar Context
• Exemplars:
• Version A:

Not explain in terms of

chemical equilibrium
Unfamiliar Context
• Version B: [Better]
Focus areas
• Basic chemical knowledge
• Experimental work
• Effective communication
• Calculations
• Unknown Deduction
• Unfamiliar Context
HKDSE 2019 化學卷 2

第2題 物料化學
討論範圍
• 基本化學知識：
– 例：纖維素的結構、綠色化學的概念
• 傳意：
– 例：撰寫簡短文句比較不同物料的性質和用途
– 例：繪畫PVC的結構圖／聚合物單體結構
• 理解關係：
– 例：硫化作用／不同塑膠X、Y、Z的性質
基本化學知識
– 纖維素的結構及氫鍵
– 向列相液晶體的結構
– 綠色化學的概念
– 鐡晶體結構圖及其名稱
– 書寫不同化學專用字詞
• 擠塑／注射（成型）
• 硫
• 縮合（聚合）
• 硫化（作用）
基本化學知識 (a) (i)
• 只有少數考生能夠
– 指出纖維素的結構
– 使用氫鍵來解釋纖維素和水分子的相
互作用
基本化學知識 (a) (ii)
• 約一半考生能夠繪畫向列相液晶
分子的結構
– 大小相約長棒分子
– 相互平衡
– 沒有長程序性
基本化學知識 (a) (iii)
• 剛少於1/2考生能夠提出一個或
兩個原因以說明該反應可被視為
綠色
• 一些考生誤以為由於該反應涉及
「氯」，故被視為綠色
基本化學知識 (b) (i)
• 只有極少數考生能夠
– 寫出鐵的敞開結構的正確名稱：
體心立方
– 繪畫其結構圖 (BCC)
基本化學知識 (b) (ii)
• 約1/2考生能夠提出兩個原因為
何應使用合金 B 作為焊料
• 部分考生混淆了鉛和鋅(Sn !) ，
提出「合金 A 中的鋅有毒」
傳意 (b) (iv), (c) (i) (1) H H
• 只有1/4考生在這部分取得
分數，考生在繪畫PVC聚合
C C

物的結構式表現欠佳H Cl n
• 只有少數考生能夠繪畫聚合
O O
物的單體結構，表現欠佳
C
H H H2N NH2
理解關係：(b) (ii), (c)(iii)
• 考慮物料的性質和其日常用途的關係
–為什麽用合金B而不用合金A或合金C？
• 只有少數考生能夠顯示他們對 X 、 Y
和 Z 的結構和性質有所了解，並作合適
的比較。

按性質選用途